2017—2020年中国3～17岁儿童青少年烹调油消费状况分析

目的：分析2017—2020年中国23省（自治区、直辖市） 3～17岁儿童青少年烹调油消费现状。方法：数据来源于国家食品安全风险评估中心于2017—2020年开展的中国居民食物消费状况调查，采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群抽样方法，选取参与家庭调味品称重调查的3～17岁儿童青少年作为研究对象。通过称重记账法获得家庭烹调油消费量和人日数，结合家庭成员能量摄入比计算个体消费量，根据《中国居民膳食指南（2022版）》中烹调油推荐量进行评价。利用《中国食物成分表（第6版）》中各种脂肪酸含量，结合个体不同烹调油的消费量，计算个体通过烹调油摄入的不同脂肪酸量。结果：我国3～17岁儿童青少年烹调油的平均消费量为28.23 g/d，其中植物油为26.52 g/d、动物油为1.67 g/d、动植物混合油为0.04 g/d。研究人群烹调油消费在不同年龄、性别、居住地、收入水平和地域方面的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。我国3～17岁儿童青少年烹调油消费量超过最高推荐量的比例为43.68%。菜籽油、花生油和芝麻油是消费率最高的3种烹调油，菜籽油、花生油和豆油是消费量最高的三种烹调油；经烹调油摄入的...     

2017—2020年中国老年居民烹调油消费状况

目的 分析2017—2020年中国23省（自治区、直辖市）60岁及以上老年居民烹调油消费现状。方法 数据来源于国家食品安全风险评估中心于2017—2020年开展的中国居民食物消费状况调查，采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群抽样方法，选取参与家庭调味品称重调查的60岁及以上老年居民作为研究对象。通过称重记账法获得家庭烹调油消费量和人日数，结合家庭成员能量摄入比计算个体消费量，根据《中国居民膳食指南2022》中烹调油推荐量进行评价。利用《中国食物成分表（第6版）》中各种脂肪酸含量，结合个体不同烹调油的消费量，计算个体通过烹调油摄入的不同脂肪酸量。结果 我国老年居民烹调油的平均消费量为32.32 g/d，其中植物油为30.36 g/d，动物油为1.89 g/d，动植物混合油为0.08 g/d；不同年龄、性别、居住地、收入水平、受教育程度和地域的研究人群的烹调油消费量差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；我国老年居民烹调油消费过多者占比43.84%；菜籽油、花生油和芝麻油是消费率最高的烹调油，菜籽油、花生油和豆油是消费量最高的烹调油；经烹调油摄入的脂肪酸主要以不饱和脂肪酸为主。结论 我国老年居民烹调油消费水平总体较高，超过40%的老年居民烹调油消费过多，应实施针对性行动并继续开展监测了解其消费情况。     

我国成年居民蛋类食物摄入量与血脂异常关系的研究

目的：探讨我国成年居民蛋类食物摄入量与血脂异常的关系。方法：利用＂中国健康与营养调查＂2009年调查资料,选择有完整个人信息的18~65岁成年居民作为研究对象,分析不同蛋类食物摄入水平人群的人口统计学特征差异,探讨我国成年居民较高蛋类食物摄入量的人群患高甘油三酯血症和高胆固醇血症的风险。结果：调查对象每日蛋类食物摄入量超过《中国居民膳食指南》推荐量的人群比例为25.5%。不同蛋类食物摄入水平的成年居民BMI、能量摄入水平以及性别、饮酒、教育水平、人均家庭收入和居住地区的分布差异均有统计学意义。调整混杂因素后,女性较高水平蛋类食物摄入（≥50 g/d）的人群患高胆固醇血症的风险是蛋类食物摄入适量（25~50 g/d）人群的1.26倍（OR=1.26,95%CI：1.01~1.58,P=0.04）。结论：我国9省区女性成年居民蛋类食物摄入过多可增加高胆固醇血症的患病风险。     

中国15个省份成年居民膳食钠的摄入状况

目的:分析2018年中国15省份成年居民膳食钠的摄入状况。方法:数据来源于中美合作课题"中国健康与营养调查",该项目采用连续3 d 24 h回顾法记录食物摄入量及称重法记录的家庭调味品消费量。本研究选取2018年15个省份调查中数据完整的18岁及以上成年居民(共计14 320人)进行钠摄入量分析,比较不同特征居民膳食钠的摄入量差异。结果:2018年中国成年居民膳食钠摄入量中位数为3 838.6 mg/d;男性的钠摄入量(4 114.7 mg/d)高于女性(3 598.2 mg/d);45～59岁居民(4 098.1 mg/d)高于其他年龄组(18～44岁居民为3 745.0 mg/d, 60岁及以上居民为3 700.7 mg/d);大学及以上居民(3 711.1 mg/d)低于其他文化程度组(小学及以下居民为3 788.1 mg/d、初中居民为3 945.6 mg/d、高中居民为3 849.8 mg/d),农村居民(3 881.6 mg/d)高于城市(3 747.2 mg/d)(P值均<0.05)。膳食钠摄入量高于2 000 mg/d的占86.7%。2018年中国成年居民膳食钠主...     

2017—2018年中国大城市成年居民蛋类食物消费状况分析

目的 了解2017—2018年我国大城市成年居民蛋类食物消费状况,为制定营养健康政策提供科学依据。方法 数据来源于“2017—2018年中国居民食物消费状况调查”,采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群随机抽样方法,在我国18个省（自治区、直辖市）33个大城市选取12 173名18岁及以上成人作为研究对象。利用非连续3 d 24 h回顾调查数据,分析研究对象蛋类食物消费率和消费量,采用χ²检验与秩和检验比较消费率和消费量的差异。结果 2017—2018年我国大城市成年居民蛋类食物消费率为72.9%（8 875/12 173）,全人群蛋类食物平均消费量为28.1 g/d（P25：0,P50：20.5 g/d,P75：43.9 g/d,P95：78.3 g/d）,消费人群平均消费量为38.6 g/d（P25：17.6 g/d,P50：33.3 g/d,P75：51.3 g/d,P95：86.9 g/d）。高文化程度、高家庭收入和东部地区的居民,蛋类食物的消费率和消费量较高。蛋类食物消费低于膳食推荐摄入量（40 g/d）的人群比例为71.5%（8 705/12 173）,满足推荐摄入量（40~50 g/d）的人群比例为9.9%（1 201/12 173）。结论 蛋类食物在我国大城市成年居民中的消费较为普遍,但人均消费量相对不足。建议针对蛋类食物的营养知识进行宣教科普,适量提高我国居民蛋类食物的消费量。     

中国成年居民鱼虾类食物消费现状和变化趋势

目的：了解我国9省区成年居民鱼虾类食物消费现状及其变化趋势。方法：研究资料来源于1991—2011年＂中国健康与营养调查＂,选择参加8轮调查并有完整膳食调查数据的18~59岁成年居民作为研究对象,分析其鱼虾类食物消费率、鱼虾类食物消费人群的摄入量现状及变化趋势,并与《中国居民膳食指南》（2007版）鱼虾类食物推荐摄入量进行比较。结果：1991—2001年间,调查人群鱼虾类食物消费率上升了38.9%、鱼虾类食物消费人群的摄入量中位数增加了13.3 g;鱼虾类食物摄入量达到《中国居民膳食指南》（2007版）鱼虾类食物推荐摄入量下限的人群比例上升47.0%。结论：中国9省区成年居民鱼虾类食物摄入发生显著变化,但仍远未达到《中国居民膳食指南》（2007版）鱼虾类食物推荐摄入量的要求,应进一步增加鱼虾类食物摄入量。     

云南省景洪市基诺族居民食物消费状况调查分析

目的 分析云南省基诺族居民膳食结构和食物消费状况。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,2020年在云南省基诺族集聚地景洪市抽取12个居（村）民委员会392名20～80岁基诺族居民,采用膳食调查和问卷调查的方法获得基诺族居民膳食结构,采用t检验和非参数Wilcoxon秩和检验分析膳食摄入和营养状况。结果 2020年云南省景洪市20～80岁基诺族居民平均每标准人日各类食物摄入量为：谷薯类食物297.1 g（其中米类及其制品264.5 g,面类及其制品13.0 g,其他谷类0.4 g,薯类19.2 g）,蔬菜类食物228.3 g（其中深色蔬菜49.7 g,浅色蔬菜178.6 g）,水果59.3 g,动物性食物137.2 g,水产品29.0 g,奶类及其制品7.0 g,豆类及其制品27.5 g,坚果5.0 g,烹调油42.0 g,食盐8.4 g。水果、动物性食物、豆类及其制品、水产品、坚果、烹调油等食物摄入量均分别高于2010—2013年云南省居民平均摄入量,而谷薯类食物、蔬菜、蛋类、奶类及其制品和食盐均显著低于2010—2013年云南省居民平均摄入量（P<0.05）。结论 云南省景洪市基诺族...     

中国15省(区、直辖市)成年居民膳食纤维摄入状况

目的:分析2015年中国15省(区、直辖市)成年居民膳食纤维摄入状况。方法:利用"中国居民营养状况变迁的队列研究"项目,选取2015年调查中数据完整的18～64岁居民共计11 960人。膳食调查采用连续3d24h膳食回顾调查法。结果:我国成年居民不溶性膳食纤维摄入量平均为12. 2 g/d,总膳食纤维摄入量平均为18. 5g/d。不溶性膳食纤维主要食物来源是蔬菜和谷类,分别占36. 3%和29. 0%。结论:指导我国成年居民合理膳食,提高膳食纤维摄入。     

2015-2017年中国代谢综合征患者膳食摄入现况

目的:利用2015—2017年中国居民营养与健康状况监测数据,分析18岁及以上代谢综合征患者的膳食状况及特征。方法:本研究纳入分析样本19117名,采用胆固醇教育计划成人治疗组第3次报告修订的亚洲人判定标准诊断代谢综合征。采用连续3天烹调油、烹调盐等调味品称重法和24 h膳食回顾法,根据《中国食物成分表》计算食物、能量及主要营养素摄入量。结果:2015—2017年中国18岁及以上Met S患者平均每人日摄入谷薯类325.3 g、蔬菜类258.4 g、水果类38.7 g、畜禽肉78.5 g、鱼虾类23.8 g、蛋类22.4 g、奶及奶制品23.2 g、大豆及坚果类14.4 g、烹调盐7.6 g、烹调油37.2 g。与中国居民平衡膳食宝塔(2016)相比,谷薯类摄入量基本符合推荐量,蔬菜、水果、鱼虾类、蛋类、奶及奶制品、大豆及坚果类摄入量偏低,畜禽肉、烹调盐和烹调油摄入量偏高。从能量及主要营养素来看,能量平均每人日摄入量为1809.3 kcal、蛋白质55.5 g、脂肪69.7 g、碳水化合物243.0 g、膳食纤维9.9 g、视黄醇当量392.0μg、硫胺素0.8 mg、核黄素0.7 mg、抗坏血酸76.1 mg、维生素E 34.3 mg、钾1450.2 mg、钠6028.0 mg、钙335.8 mg、铁19.2 mg、锌9.2 mg、硒38.5μg。从膳食结构来看,18岁及以上Met S患者脂肪供能比偏高。结论:中国18岁及以上Met S患者的膳食结构不尽合理,脂肪摄入偏高。     

2020年北京市居民植物油消费状况调查与分析

目的 通过对2020年北京市3岁以上居民食用植物油消费情况的调查，了解北京市居民不同种类植物油的消费状况及其影响因素，为科学食用植物油和推广健康生活方式提供科学依据。方法 本研究采用国家食品安全风险评估中心2020年开展的北京市居民含反式脂肪酸食物消费状况调查项目中的植物油消费数据，纳入2 289名北京3岁以上常住居民作为研究对象。采用连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾法，结合家庭称重法、食物频率法进行膳食调查，并通过非参数检验、χ²检验方法分析调查对象各种植物油消费情况。结果 北京居民植物油平均消费量为32.7 g/d，43.3%（991/2 289）的北京居民仅植物油消费量就超过《中国居民膳食指南（2022）》推荐的食用油摄入量（25~30 g/d），其中花生油、葵花籽油、玉米油的平均消费量分别为24.8、1.7、1.8 g/d。非参数检验结果显示，不同性别、年龄、文化程度、家庭月收入的居民对各种植物油的消费量影响不显著。北京市居民中花生油消费率最高，为68.9%（1 576/2 289），其次为葵花籽油和玉米油，分别为6.1%（140/2 289）和5.7%（130/2 289）。结论 北京市居民植物油平均消费量高于膳食推荐量，植物油消费品种集中，需要进一步引导居民科学食用植物油，推广健康的生活方式。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the