700℃时效过程中HR100合金的碳化物析出行为

对经700℃时效不同时间后的镍基HR100合金中的析出相进行了定性与定量分析,研究了HR100合金中的碳化物在长期时效过程中的析出行为。结果表明,HR100合金中的M_6C型碳化物为亚稳相。在长期时效过程中,随着合金元素的扩散,HR100合金中的M_6C会逐渐转化为M_(12)C。而且在700℃时效1万h过程中,HR100合金中的碳化物的析出行为主要分3个阶段:快速析出与M_6C→M_(12)C转化阶段,相对稳定阶段,M_(12)C和M23C6进一步析出、长大阶段。另外,对不同类型碳化物中的合金元素配比在长期时效过程中的变化进行了分析,发现在(M_6C+M_(12)C)的粗化过程中,Cr元素和Mo元素起主要作用;而在M_(23)C_6的粗化过程中,Cr元素起主要作用。     

长期时效对低碳Ni-Cr-W-Mo耐热合金组织和力学性能的影响

 研究了长期时效对低碳Ni-Cr-W-Mo耐热合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,长期时效后低碳Ni-Cr-W-Mo耐热合金存在3种析出相：M6C型初生碳化物相、二次M23C6型碳化物相和μ相;其中M6C型初生碳化物相存在于供应态和时效态。因为合金含碳量低,所以合金在750℃时效超过200h和在900℃时效超过100h时,就析出μ相。合金在750℃时效至1000h时,随着时效时间的延长,合金硬度值不断增加;而合金在900℃时效至1000h时,随着时效时间的延长,合金硬度值首先增加至最大值,随后合金硬度值随着时效时间的延长而降低;这是因为二次M23C6型碳化物析出形态在时效过程中发生了变化。合金时效前后的室温拉伸性能数据证实微量μ相对合金室温拉伸影响很小。     

高温时效对铁素体不锈钢组织和性能的影响

通过金相、SEM和EDS等技术,研究了900 ℃下不同时效时间对超纯铁素体不锈钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,439钢种高温时效对Ti(C,N)析出作用较小,晶界析出相TiN较少,晶粒粗化严重,塑性较低;441钢种高温时效会沿着晶界析出Fe2Nb(Laves)相,析出数量较多,晶粒较细小,但由于Fe2Nb(Laves)相沿晶界呈网状分布,对材料塑性影响较大;444钢种高温时效会在晶界和晶内析出Fe3(Nb,Mo)3C,析出数量较少,第二相钉扎作用较弱,部分晶粒出现异常长大,由于Fe3(Nb,Mo)3C析出相未呈网状分布,断后伸长率高于441钢种。     

长期时效对GH4586A合金组织及拉伸性能的影响

研究了GH4586A合金在750℃、800℃长期时效过程中室温拉伸性能与组织变化的关系.利用扫描电镜对合金显微组织进行了观察;利用透射电镜对析出相进行了鉴定;通过物理化学相分析方法定量分析了长期时效过程中合金中相的质量分数.结果表明,该合金在750～800℃时效有μ相和σ相析出,并且随时间延长数量增加;在750～800℃长期时效过程中M23C6碳化物析出.M23C6主要在晶界析出且其析出量受时效温度及时间的影响;合金在750℃、1 500 h之内使用,强度和塑性可以匹配,超过1 500 h后由于μ相和σ相析出量明显增多,塑性迅速下降,合金不能作为转动件使用.     

高温时效对S31042钢管室温拉伸性能的影响

研究了700℃0～3 000 h时效对Φ57 mm×9.7 mm S31042无缝钢管(%:0.06C、0.35Si、1.18Mn、24.50Cr、20.54Ni、0.40Nb、0.23N)室温拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,0～1 000 h时效时,随时效时间的增加,S31042钢屈服(R_p0.2)和抗拉强度(R_m)迅速增加,但钢的伸长率(A)和断面收缩率(Z)急剧降低;当时效时间超过1 000 h,各项性能变化趋缓;随时效时间增加,室温拉伸断口由含丰富韧窝的韧性断口逐渐过渡到沿晶脆性断口;0～1000h时效随时效时间增加,晶界处Cr₂₃C₆相迅速增多,超过1 000 h时效,析出相的变化不明显。     

时效处理对Cr20Ni32AlTi合金室温冲击性能的影响

 研究了铁镍基耐热耐蚀合金Cr20Ni32AlTi在1150℃、15min固溶处理并经450~850℃、05~5h的时效处理后室温冲击性能的变化规律。结果表明,450℃时效冲击性能最好。随时效温度升高,时效时间延长,冲击性能下降。450~850℃时效时,在合金晶界上有碳化物M23C6析出,且随温度增加和时间延长,析出增加。850℃时冲击功最低,此时碳化物M23C6析出相呈连续颗粒状析出,布满整个晶界。且观察到一些部位碳化物M23C6析出相形成薄膜,冲击时因基体变形而脆断成条块状。     

时效工艺对2297铝锂合金组织与力学性能的影响

对热轧态2297铝锂合金进行530℃/1 h固溶处理后立即水淬,然后在不同温度(150~180℃)和时间(0~160h)条件下进行时效热处理,利用透射电镜观察合金的微观组织,并测定合金的抗拉强度(σb)、屈服强度(σ0.2)和伸长率(δ),研究时效温度与时间对2297铝锂合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明:合金的强度随时效时间延长而升高,达到峰值后趋于稳定。随时效温度升高,合金强度达到峰值的时间逐渐缩短,峰值强度先升高后降低,塑性则随时效时间延长或时效温度升高而逐渐下降。时效温度为160℃时,时效初期合金的主要析出相为δ′相,峰时效态合金是T_1相、θ′相和δ′相共同强化,过时效态合金的主要析出相为T_1相。时效温度为180℃时,合金的主要析出相为T_1相,θ′相和δ′相的数量非常少。     

GH128合金的析出相及其对力学性能的影响

本文采用金相显微镜,透射电镜、化学相分析、金属薄膜以及力学性能测试等方法鉴定了GH128合金的析出相。研究了μ相的析出规律、(?)_v值和应力与相析出速度的关系,以及析出相对力学性能的影响。结果表明,GH128合金时效后析出μ、M_6C、a_W和M_(23)C_6。它们与基体的取向关系是:(111)_γ//(001)_μ;(001)_γ//(001)_(M_6C),(110)_γ//(110)_(M6C);(100)_γ//(100)_(M23C6),(001)_γ//(001)_(M23C6)。μ相析出呈C曲线。析出温度范围是700～1050℃,析出峰为850～950℃。随(?)_v值增加,C曲线向时效时间短的方向移动,但不影响析出峰,应力加速μ相析出。合金持久性能的下降和时效后室温塑性降低,主要是μ相析出所致,但μ相对高温拉伸性能影响很小。     

颗粒尺寸、挤压和时效时间对SiC颗粒增强Al-Cu-Mg基复合材料微观结构及硬度的影响

研究Si C颗粒尺寸、挤压和时效时间对粉末冶金法制备的Si C颗粒增强Al-Cu-Mg基复合材料微观结构及硬度的影响。研究表明,挤压对复合材料的微观结构和硬度有重要影响,能够极大促进增强体在Al基体中的均匀分布和复合材料的致密化。挤压后的复合材料残留微孔减少,密度和硬度均得到显著提高。时效时间和Si C尺寸对复合材料中析出相的数量及尺寸有显著影响。采用较小尺寸的Si C作为增强体时,随时效时间延长,析出相在基体中均匀析出,没有明显长大,在时效12 h内没有出现峰时效。然而,采用较大尺寸的Si C作为增强体时,随时效时间延长,基体中的析出相不是很均匀,并有部分发生明显粗化,在同样的时效时间范围内出现了峰时效。     

自然时效对7N01铝合金组织和性能的影响

通过电导率、力学性能测试和高分辨电镜分析研究了自然时效对7N01合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:在自然时效中,由于过饱和固溶体不均匀析出与基体共格的析出相,合金电导率随着自然时效时间的延长逐渐降低,时效20 d后基本达到稳定状态。合金的强度随着时效时间的延长逐渐增大,在20 d后达到稳定,抗拉强度在400 MP以上,屈服强度在260 MPa以上,合金的延伸率在自然时效1 d后达到稳定值(约为15.5%)。稳定态合金的强化相主要为尺寸较小的GPⅡ区。此外,弯折试验表明合金具有良好的弯折性能,在自然时效10～60 d内未出现肉眼可见的裂纹。     

Effect of N content on microstructure and properties of Nb microalloyed HRB400E rebar

The purpose of this study is to better play the role of N in Nb microalloyed rebars, in order to reduce production costs and provide a theoretical basis for the design of rebars. Using metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and mechanical testing machine to carry out microstructure characterization and mechanical performance test of different N content of Nb microalloyed high strength seismic rebars, and explore the effect of N content on the structure and mechanics of Nb microalloyed high strength anti seismic rebars. The results show that the austenite structure during the rolling process decreases with the increase of N content; the final structure is ferrite and pearlite. As the N content increases, the average ferrite grain size and the interlamellar spacing decreases, but the continuity of lamellar pearlite increases. In Nb microalloyed high strength anti seismic rebars, the precipitated phase is Nb(C,N). With the increase of N content, the number of precipitated phase and the second particle volume fraction of precipitation increases, but the particle size decreases accordingly. In terms of mechanical properties, the yield strength gradually increases, and the tensile strength shows a phenomenon of increasing first and then decreasing.     

N含量对Nb微合金化HRB400E钢筋组织与性能的影响

摘要：为了更好地发挥N元素在Nb微合金化钢筋中的作用,降低生产成本以及为钢筋成分设计提供理论依据。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、力学试验机对不同N含量的Nb微合金化高强抗震钢筋进行显微组织表征及力学性能测试,探究N含量对Nb微合金化钢筋的组织与力学性能的影响。研究表明,轧制过程中的奥氏体组织,随着N含量的增加,平均奥氏体晶粒有所减小;最终组织为铁素体和珠光体,随着N含量的增加,铁素体平均晶粒尺寸而减小,片层状珠光体的连续性增加,片层间距减小;析出相Nb(C,N)随着N含量的增大,沉淀析出的第二项颗粒体积分数增大,颗粒尺寸随之减小;在力学性能方面,屈服强度逐渐增加,抗拉强度先增加后减少。     

Effect of Cu Content on Aging Precipitation Behaviors of Cu-Rich Phase in Fe-Cr-Ni Alloy

The precipitation characteristics and effect on strengthening mechanism of Cu-rich phases during short-time and long-time aging for Super 304H steels with different Cu content were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the size of Cu-rich phase particles increases, the interspace of Cu-rich phase particles decreases and the density of Cu-rich phases increases with the increase of Cu content during short-time aging (approximately 800 h) at 650 ℃ for Super 304H steels. During long-time aging (more than 2000 h) at 650 ℃, Cu-rich phase precipitates sufficiently and the strengthening effect of Cu-rich phase is preferable in Super 304H steel containing Cu of 4%. The strengthening effect of Cu-rich phase in Super 304H steels containing Cu of 2.2% or 5% is weaker than that with Cu of 4% during long-time aging (more than 2000 h).     

Simulation of effect of Nb and V on precipitated phases in 1Cr16Co5Ni2Mo1WVNbN steel

Thermo- Calc software was used to simulate the equilibrium precipitates in the 1Cr16Co5Ni2Mo1WVNbN steel at 650??, and the effect of Nb and V contents on precipitated phases in the steel was investigated. The calculation results show that the main equilibrium precipitates in steel are Laves phase, M23C6, MX and Z phase. With the increase of Nb content, the precipitation of MX phase increases significantly, while the amount of M23C6 carbids decreases, Laves phase increases slightly, the precipitation of Z phase decreases slightly. With the increase of V content, the precipitation of MX phase increases slowly, the amount of M23C6 carbides reduces slightly. There is no V element contained in Laves phase, and the increase of V content has little effect on the precipitation of Laves phase, precipitation of Z phase decreases slightly. The Nb and V contents have little effect on the precipitation temperature of M23C6, MX and Laves phase, and the starting precipitation temperature of Z phase decreases with the increase of Nb content, but increases with the increase of V content.     

时效处理对05Crl7Ni4Cu4Nb马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢力学性能及组织的影响

试验研究了 1040 ℃固溶的马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb在480~620 ℃时效5 h的组织,强度和硬度。结果表明,随时效温度升高,马氏体基体逐渐分解,碳化物析岀而降低;在时效处理过程中,随时效温度升高,富Cu相最初以球形析出,逐渐发展成椭圆形及杆状,尺寸增大,与基体共格界面消失,强化效果减弱;05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb钢经1040 °C固溶,480 °C 5h时效后,其HRC硬度值44.3,满足钢材HRC硬度值43的要求。     

固溶冷却介质对优质GH738合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了不同固溶冷却介质(油、空、棉)及之后的时效处理对优质GH738 (HQGH738)合金组织及力学性能的影响.分别利用光学金相显微镜(OM)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对热处理各阶段合金的晶粒组织及γ'相分布情况进行观察,同时检测热处理各阶段拉伸强度.结果表明:冷却介质对HQGH738合金晶粒尺寸无影响,而主要影响一次及二次γ'相的回溶及析出行为,进而影响合金的性能.固溶阶段,随冷速的提高(油淬＞空冷＞棉冷),合金中二次γ'相减少,尺寸越小,固溶后合金抗拉强度降低.经过稳定化处理后,3种冷却方式下合金强度顺序不变,但差值减小.再经过双时效后,三者抗拉强度相当.冷速越快,一次γ'相粗化越慢,从而在双时效过程中析出更多的细小二次γ'相,最终合金的屈服强度随冷速的增加而增强.     

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The influence of heating temperature and holding time of different Ti content of microalloy high strength steel on austenite grain size and the influence of the precipitation characteristics on mechanical properties were quantificationally investigated through the methods of metallography, phase analysis and X-ray diffraction. The results show that, under the heating temperature of 1000-1150?? and the same soaking time,the steel B has small size of austenite grain. However when the temperature rises to 1150?? and above, austenite grain size in steel B increases fast, bulky containing Ti precipitates almost have no side effect on austenitic grain growth. With Ti content in steel increasing, MC precipitated phase in steel A and B respectively is 7. 5%, 159. 0% of the total M3C precipitated phase. When the ratio of MC/M3C increases, the corresponding strength of steel also increases. The mass fraction of less than 10nm precipitation phase in steel A and B is 2. 2% and 21. 7%.     

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The influence of Nb on tensile properties at room temperature and 650?? as well as the effects of Nb on stress rupture properties at 650??/690MPa of GH4169 alloy with standard heat treatment (STD) and direct aging heat treatment (DA) were investigated. Microstructure and thermodynamic calculation were also undertaken. The results show that as Nb content increases from 5??2% to 5??4% (mass percent), the mass fraction of strengthening phases in the alloy as DA increases, and the strength also improves obviously at room temperature and 650?? while the strength decreases when Nb content reaches 5??6%. At the same solution temperature, the increase of Nb content will promote the mass fraction of ?? phase in the alloy as STD, but the effect on the mass fraction of strengthening phases is not so apparent as the DA state, and the extent of strength promotion is small. The stress rupture life of the alloy as DA improves with the increasing of Nb content, and remains nearly unchanged after Nb content reaches 5??6%. Whereas when Nb content rises to 5??6%, the change of ?? phase??s amount and morphology in the alloy as STD may result in significant decrease of the stress rupture life.