核壳型CoFe2O4/TiO2磁载纳米光催化剂制备及性能

采用化学共沉法和TiCl4水解法制备CoFe2O4磁粒子和核壳型CoFe2O4/TiO2光催化剂,在100℃烘干,350℃焙烧2 h,在紫外光源和太阳光照射下所制备的CoFe2O4/TiO2光催化剂显示出较高的甲基橙降解能力,利用外加磁场很容易将CoFe2O4/TiO2光催化剂和所处理的污水分离,并可循环使用.TEM和XRD分析结果表明:CoFe2O4粒径约为20nm,TiO2包覆的CoFe2O4粒子的粒径约为30～40nm,TiO2包覆层约为10～20nm.     

核壳型磁载TiO2/CoFe2O4光催化剂的制备与性能研究

纳米TiO2是一种高效的光催化剂,为了解决TiO2纳米颗粒从悬浮体系中分离回收难的问题,可将其包覆于磁性微球之外,借助于磁场的作用实现快速有效地分离.以尖晶石型CoFe2O4为磁核,制备了核壳型纳米磁性TiO2/CoFe2O4光催化剂,通过水浴恒温条件、热处理温度的改变,以及工艺的调整优化了催化剂的制备工艺.采用XRD和TEM分析了催化剂的结构与形貌.研究发现,水浴90℃恒温2h、600℃热处理后的TiO2/CoFe2O4在降解TNT时表现出了较高的催化活性.表明合适的反应时间和热处理温度是影响催化剂活性的关键因素.     

Bi2O2CO3/TiO2复合粉体的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用水热法制备了Bi2O2CO3,并将其与TiO2进行了复合。XRD数据表明此复合光催化剂中Bi2O2CO3结晶性良好,紫外-可见漫反射光谱说明Bi2O2CO3的加入使其吸收带边有一定的红移。研究了紫外-可见光照射下Bi2O2CO3/TiO2复合光催化剂对亚甲基蓝溶液的降解性能,结果表明当Bi2O2CO3与TiO2的质量比为0.032时,得到性能最优的复合光催化剂,其光催化活性优于TiO2。     

热处理温度对TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶光催化性能的影响

采用溶胶–凝胶法在常压下经不同温度热处理制备了TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶光催化剂,利用XRD、TGA和BET等手段对其微观结构进行表征,以甲基橙溶液光催化降解实验评价其光催化性能,研究了热处理温度对TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶的微观结构及光催化性能影响规律.结果表明:随着热处理温度升高,TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶中锐钛矿结晶度升高,晶粒尺寸增大,比表面积减小,使TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解活性呈现先升后降的变化趋势.当热处理温度为700℃左右,紫外光照20 min TiO2/SiO2复合气凝胶对甲基橙溶液的降解率达到95.4%.     

磁性La3+掺杂TiO2的制备及性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法,在室温条件下,以钛酸四丁酯、硝酸镧为主要原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,冰醋酸为抑制剂,浓硝酸为催化剂制得稳定的掺La3+TiO2溶胶,陈化后的凝胶经不同温度煅烧3h后制得不同掺La3+量的TiO2。通过XRD对不同煅烧温度及不同掺La3+量的TiO2进行了表征;以紫外光为光源,研究了掺La3+-TiO2对甲基橙溶液的光降解效果。用化学共沉淀法制备了具有强磁性的Fe3O4水基磁流体,再与La3+掺杂TiO2进行复合,制备了Fe3O4负载量不同的磁性La3+掺杂TiO2,研究了Fe3O4负载量不同的La3+掺杂TiO2对甲基橙的光催化降解效果、磁分离回收率的影响。结果表明,掺La3+量及煅烧温度对TiO2的晶型、各晶型TiO2的相对含量及对甲基橙的光降解效果均有影响。La3+掺杂TiO2比纯TiO2显示出更强的光催化性能,掺La3+量2%,热处理温度450℃的La3+掺杂TiO2光催化活性最高。Fe3O4负载量为10%的Fe3O4/La3+-TiO2对甲基橙的降解率8h时为99.4%;磁分离回收率达97.39%。     

TiO2/Hβ光催化剂的制备及性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,Hβ分子筛为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了负载型TiO2/Hβ复合光催化剂,并以甲基橙为模型反应物评价光催化剂的性能。结果发现,催化剂适宜的制备条件是:钛酸丁酯用量为10mL,蒸馏水加入量为3.0mL,乙醇水溶液pH值为3,焙烧温度为500℃。当用4.8g/L催化剂样品处理20mg/L的甲基橙溶液时,降解率为88.7%。     

磁性纳米TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4光催化剂的制备及表征

以纳米Fe3O4磁粉为核心，采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了TiO2／SiO2／Fe3O4复合光催化剂．用XRD、TEM及元素分析对其结构和表面形貌进行了表征．以具有偶氮染料结构的甲基橙水溶液为目标反应物，评价其光催化活性．结果表明，所制TiO2／SiO2／FeaO4样品为双层包覆型结构，SiO2为中间层，最外层是锐钛矿型的TiO2,该复合光催化剂对甲基橙溶液有较高的光催化活性，并具有可利用其磁性回收重用的特点，应用前景广泛。     

具有自洁和耐磨功能SiO2/TiO2减反膜的制备与研究

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和钛酸正丁酯(TBOT)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO2溶胶和TiO2溶胶,利用浸渍提拉法制备了SiO2/TiO2双层减反膜.用紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、椭圆偏振光谱仪和接触角测量仪等分析表征了薄膜的特性,以光催化降解甲基橙溶液实验来评价薄膜的自洁功能,考察了SiO2/TiO2双层减反膜的耐磨擦性.结果表明,SiO2/TiO2双层减反膜在400~800nm可见光波段的透光率最高可达97.2%,薄膜表面平整,结构致密且粗糙度小,经紫外灯照射后薄膜的水接触角接近0°,光催化2h后可将5mg/L的甲基橙溶液降解43.6%.SiO2/TiO2减反膜还具有优良的耐磨擦性能.     

Ni2+掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及性能研究

选取Ni 2+掺杂量、冰醋酸、浓硝酸、煅烧温度设计正交实验,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Ni 2+掺杂TiO2光催化剂,利用Raman、XRD、TEM等检测技术对其进行表征。通过与溶胶-凝胶法制备的纯TiO2纳米光催化剂进行对比,结果表明:Ni 2+掺杂TiO2光催化剂的TEM图像显示为球形粒子集合体,XRD图谱峰值降低,晶粒细化,拉曼光谱谱峰宽化、蓝移。以甲基橙模拟染料废水的降解率考察Ni 2+掺杂TiO2光催化活性,最佳条件下,Ni 2+掺杂TiO2对甲基橙的降解率为87.21%。     

微波干燥法制备纳米TiO2光催化剂及其催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为前驱物,离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法及微波干燥法制备了纳米TiO2光催化剂。通过XRD、SEM及BET对光催化剂进行结构表征,以甲基橙溶液为模拟污染物,太阳光为光源,评价了其光催化活性,考察了模板剂及微波干燥条件对纳米TiO2光催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,采用离子液体作为模板剂,微波干燥条件下制备的TiO2光催化剂活性明显高于普通溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2光催化剂,光照3h甲基橙溶液降解率可达到95%。     

VLE data for CO2-CF2Cl2, N2-CO2, N2-CF2Cl2 and N2-CO2-CF2Cl

Knowledge about vapour-liquid (VLE) is required as a basis of reliable calculations for separation processes. Correlations available for the prediction of T, p, x, y data are less accurate for mixtures at high pressures and mixtures containing supercritical components. The results of VLE experiments are reported and compared with data calculated with equations of state.     

Preparation of ZrO2-CeO2 and HfO2-CeO2 nanopowders

We prepared weakly agglomerated powders of ZrO₂-CeO₂ and HfO₂-CeO₂ solid solutions 5–8 nm in particle size, consisting of monoclinic and tetragonal phases. After heat treatment at 1200°C, the crystallite size was 30 and 14 nm, respectively. We also examined the effect of precipitate freeze drying on the crystallization of hafnia-based solid solutions containing up to 20 mol % CeO₂.     

Thermal diffusion in binary mixtures H2-CCl2F2 and H2-CHClF2

Thermal diffusion coefficients were measured in two gaseous mixtures, in which one component was close to the critical temperature, in the pressure range (19.6–127.4)·10⁴ N/m² and at a freon concentration of 0.25–0.8.     

Comparison of the Electronic Structures of La2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2, and Sr2CuO2F2

First-principles cluster calculations are reported of the local electronic structure of the three compounds: La₂CuO₄, Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂, and Sr₂CuO₂F₂. The copper ${\text{3d}}_{x^2 - y^2 } $ and the planar oxygen 2p _σ atomic orbitals exhibit a similar degree of covalency. The out-of-plane orbitals, however, are quite different with the ${\text{3}}d_{3z^2 - r^2 } $ atomic orbital lowered significantly in energy for chlorine and fluorine apical positions.     

Radial GRIN glasses in Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 systems

A series of GRIN glass rods have been developed in Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 systems. Negative radial refractive index profiles were generated by exchanging Na+ for Li+ ions in these glass rods. It has been observed that TiO2 plays a vital role in increase in the profile depth and maximum change in the refractive index because of its ambivalent nature. Change in the refractive index can be further increased by increasing the concentration of exchanging cation in the base glass.     

Elastic and Electronic Properties of Superconducting CaPd 2 As 2 and SrPd 2 As 2 vs. Non-superconducting BaPd 2 As 2

The first-principles calculations were performed to predict the elastic and electronic properties of the superconducting ThCr₂Si₂-type phases CaPd₂As₂ and SrPd₂As₂ in comparison with the non-superconducting CeMg₂Si₂-type phase BaPd₂As₂. Besides, the same properties were compared for CeMg₂Si₂- and ThCr₂Si₂-type polymorphs of BaPd₂As₂. We found that all these phases are mechanically stable and belong to soft materials with low hardness. The near-Fermi region is formed by the valence states of the blocks [Pd₂As₂] with decisive contributions of Pd 4d states. The values of N(E _F) increase in the sequence: CaPd₂As₂ < SrPd₂As₂ < BaPd₂As₂, i.e. in the reverse sequence relative to the transition temperatures T _C. Thus, the change in T _C cannot be explained by the electronic factor, i.e. by the simple correlation T _C～N(E _F). Most likely the decrease in T _C in the sequence CaPd₂As₂ → SrPd₂As₂ and the absence of a superconducting transition in BaPd₂As₂ are related to the structural factors and the peculiarities of the electron–phonon coupling mechanism.     

Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO系统的亚固相关系

本文给出了 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统的亚固相图。实验结果表明:在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统中有一个未知结构的新化合物 CaO·Si_2N_2O,在3CaO·Si_2N_2O 和3CaO·Al_2O_3两化合物之间形成连续立方固溶体。而 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统中则没有发现新化合物。在两个系统的富 Si_2N_2O区,过量的 Si_2N_2O 与 La_2O_3和 CaO 分别反应形成 Si_3N_4与 La_(10)[SiO_4]_(?)N_2(H-相)(和 CaSiO_3。所研究的这两个三元系统中,分别形成了如下几个四元相容性区。在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统内有:H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Si_2N_2O-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3-Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-Al_2O_3-O′s.s;H-Si_3N_4-O′s.s-Si_2N_2O在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统内有:Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-CaO·Si_2N_2O-3CaO·Al_2O_3;Si_3N_3-CaSiO_3-3CaO·Al_2O_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_(?);Si_(?)N_(?)-CaSiO_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_2-Al_2O_3;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-Al_2O_(?)-O′s.s;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-O′s.s-Si_(?)N_(?)O