Wind-driven stand-alone DFIG with battery and pumped hydro storage system

A wind-driven doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) along with the battery and pumped hydro storage plant (PHSP) has been devised for supplying isolated loads. PHSP-based storage system is economical and viable for the MW level wind-turbine system. The proposed scheme employs a squirrel-cage induction machine (SCIM) coupled with reversible pump turbine for PHSP. The battery storage is also included in this system to cope up with the intermittent nature of wind and fast-changing load. A simple control strategy has been implemented for maintaining the set values of voltage magnitude and frequency at the stator terminals of DFIG, which serve as a virtual grid for connecting ac loads and SCIM. Based on the availability of power in the wind, PHSP and battery, various operating modes of the proposed system have been clearly identified for supplying the isolated loads. These operating modes are clearly demonstrated through the analysis developed for this purpose and validated through experimental results. The salient features of the proposed system over the existing stand-alone wind-driven generators are (i) structural simplicity, i.e., employing only one power electronic converter, (ii) wide speed operation of wind-driven DFIG, (iii) reduced battery capacity, (iv) high energy storage using PHSP and (v) availability of continuous power to the isolated loads.     

Small signal stability analysis and optimal control of a wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator

A novel method using particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is proposed for optimising parameters of controllers of a wind turbine (WT) with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The PSO algorithm is employed in the proposed parameter tuning method to search for the optimal parameters of controllers and achieve the optimal coordinated control of multiple controllers of WT system. The implementation of the algorithm for optimising the controllers' parameters is described in detail. In the analysis, the generic dynamic model of WT with DFIG and its associated controllers is presented, and the small signal stability model is derived; based on this, an eigenvalue-based objective function is utilised in the PSO-based optimisation algorithm to optimise the controllers' parameters. With the optimised controller parameters, the system stability is improved under both small and large disturbances. Furthermore, the fault ride-through capability of the WT with DFIG can be improved using the optimised controller. Simulations are performed to illustrate the control performance.     

Demagnetization Assessment for Three-Phase Tubular Brushless Permanent-Magnet Machines

We describe an analytical technique for assessing the risk of partial demagnetization in tubular permanent-magnet (PM) machines. The technique establishes analytical expressions for the open-circuit and armature reaction fields in the cylindrical coordinate system and superposes the fields in the permanent-magnet regions to determine the extent to which the magnets may be partially irreversibly demagnetized. We have applied the technique to a quasi-Halbach magnetized tubular PM machine equipped with a modular stator winding, and have validated the predictions by finite-element analysis. We found that partial demagnetization may occur even under an open-circuit operating condition when the machine is operating at high temperature. We propose alternative Halbach magnetization distributions that improve the demagnetization withstand capability. The analytical technique provides a computationally efficient tool for identifying regions that are prone to partial demagnetization and for assessing the consequences. It enables the risk of demagnetization to be fully assessed at the design stage so as to achieve a robust machine, particularly when operating in harsh environments.      

电压型虚拟同步发电机控制策略下的双馈风电机组阻抗及次同步振荡特性

针对双馈风电机组（doubly-fed induction generators,DFIG）经串补送出系统存在次同步振荡（sub-synchronous oscillation,SSO）的问题,以电压型虚拟同步发电机（virtual synchronous generator,VSG）控制策略下的DFIG为研究对象,首先基于三相静止坐标系建立了其阻抗模型,推导了机组正、负序阻抗解析式;其次搭建了PSCAD/EMTDC模型,对理论推导阻抗特性和频率扫描结果进行了对比验证;最后基于奈奎斯特稳定判据定量分析了VSG控制策略下的DFIG经串补送出系统SSO特性,通过仿真验证了所建立模型和稳定性分析结论的正确性。研究结果为SSO的抑制提供了参考。     

An enhanced model for SDBR in a random reentrant flow shop environment

This study proposed an enhanced simplified drum-buffer-rope (SDBR) model to be applied in a reentrant flow shop (RFS) in which job processing times are generated from a discrete uniform distribution and machine breakdowns are subject to an exponential distribution. In this enhanced SDBR model, the due-date assignment method, order release rule and dispatching rule were improved. The due dates and release dates of orders were determined by considering the total planned load of the capacity-constrained resource (CCR) in a random RFS. The deviation rate of buffer status is used as a dispatching rule to eliminate the influence of machine breakdowns. Simulations based on a real case company are used to evaluate the effective of the proposed model. The experimental results showed that our approach yields better performance than the other methods in terms of six due-date-related indexes when the product mix is with a large proportion of multi-reentrant orders and when the utilisation of CCR increases from 60 to 90%.     

考虑关键运动副特点的船用多功能数控机床模态分析

针对船用多功能数控机床在舰船环境下的结构动态性能研究,结合舰船波浪载荷作用下的摇荡特点,揭示了机床的运动坐标体系和布局方案,并进行了机床关键导轨滑块运动副5自由度载荷特点的受力分析;依据机床振动理论构建了导轨滑块运动副粘性阻尼振动模型及其有限元结构模型;采用机床锤击试验模态和机床有限元结构模态相结合的方法验证了包含导轨滑块运动副粘性阻尼系统的有限元机床模型的适用性,并分析确定了机床110Hz内的6阶模态振型及其频率。     

Tubular modular permanent-magnet machines equipped with quasi-Halbach magnetized magnets-part I: magnetic field distribution, EMF, and thrust force

This paper describes the analysis, design, and experimental characterization of three-phase tubular modular permanent-magnet machines equipped with quasi-Halbach magnetized magnets. It identifies feasible slot/pole number combinations and discusses their relative merits. It establishes an analytical expression for the open-circuit magnetic field distribution, formulated in the cylindrical coordinate system. The expression has been verified by finite-element analysis. The analytical solution allows the prediction of the thrust force and electromotive force in closed forms, and provides an effective tool for design optimization, as will be described in Part II of the paper.     

Application of TUSSIM with a variable Tromp curve for predicting optimal operation of multi-compartment mills with various ball size distributions

A true unsteady-state simulator (TUSSIM) for ball milling was integrated with a variable Tromp curve for classification to simulate and optimize closed-circuit, multi-compartment cement ball milling. Using representative model–operational parameters from available literature, we first investigated the system dynamics for a two-compartment mill. Then, various simulations examined the impacts of closed-circuit vs. open-circuit operation, number of compartments, and various ball size distributions. Our results suggest that integrating an air classifier into an open-circuit ball mill can increase the production rate by 15% or increase the cement-specific surface area by 13%. A single-compartment mill entails a pre-milled feed for proper operation, whereas a two-compartment mill yields a finer cement product than a three-compartment mill. Uniform mass distribution of balls led to slightly finer product than uniform surface area or number distributions, while the impact of a classifying liner was negligibly small. Finally, we identified optimal ball mixtures in a two-compartment mill using a combined global optimizer–DAE solver, which suggests 14% capacity increase with desirable cement quality. Overall, TUSSIM’s results are not only in line with limited, full-scale experimental studies and industry best practices, but also provide fundamental process insights, while enabling process optimization with tailored ball mixtures in different compartments.     

Dynamic performance of a brushless DC tubular drive system

The authors describe the computer-aided analysis of the dynamic performance of a tubular linear machine system with permanent magnetic cogging forces. These forces include not only the conventional tooth cogging force apparent in both linear and rotary machines but also a force unique to permanent magnet linear machines that is due to the finite length of the stator. System equations which describe both the machine and the inverter supply are solved by a step-to-step numerical method to find the dynamic performance of the machine in an oscillator mode. The work is verified by experimental results obtained for a practical model     

基于复转矩系数法研究并网双馈风电场引发电力系统次同步振荡问题综述

风能作为一种可持续的清洁能源,近年来在我国得到迅猛的发展。双馈感应型风力发电机（doubly-fed induction generator,DFIG）具有灵活的控制特性,得到了广泛的应用,但由于其结构的特殊性,并网双馈风电场容易引发次同步振荡问题。该文首先介绍了并网双馈风电场引发电力系统次同步振荡（sub-synchronous oscillation,SSO）的机制。其次,对基于复转矩系数法的3类SSO问题的研究情况进行了系统性综述,并讨论了复转矩系数法的推广形式及其适用领域。最后,基于风力发电的前景和复转矩系数法的特性,对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

Life Prediction Model of Machine Tool based on Deep Learning

In view of the shortage of traditional life prediction methods for machine tools, such as low accuracy of life prediction and few samples basis attributes, a life prediction model of machine tools combined with machine tool attributes is proposed. The life prediction model of machine tool adopts KL dispersion distribution theory, uses modal superposition method to carry out machine tool life analysis, calculates the theoretical life of machine tool, and then carries on the simulation, obtains the machine tool life prediction value. Compared with the traditional method of machine tool life prediction, the model is based on the application life fatigue damage model, which superimposes the service times and maintenance cycle of the machine tool, derives the influence factor of machine tool life, and obtains the linear relationship between the influence factor of machine tool life and the life of machine tool. The influence factor of machine tool life is introduced as the life prediction parameter of machine tool. The data transformation relationship of HT300 parts is constructed. The original part data is enhanced. The effective training set is obtained. The life prediction model of machine tool based on deep learning is completed. The quantitative analysis of machine tool life is carried out. The experiment of machine tool life prediction using training data set proves the validity of the model. Regression test was carried out on the training data set to reflect the robustness of the model. The prediction accuracy of the model is further verified by Weibull test.     

RTNCSU: A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR CALCULATING THE PARAMETERS OF THE CROSS FLOW FINITE STAGE MODEL FOR THE RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION IN TUMBLING MILLS FROM TRACER DATA

Based on a least squares method which searches for the best value of the parameters of the cross-flow finite stage model for residence time distributions in tumbling mills, a computer program package is presented for treating either open-circuit or closed-circuit tracer test data taken under various test conditions. The test conditions that are treated include the one and two detector approaches to closed-circuit tracer transient tests with optional perfectly mixed counting sumps in the mill input and/or mill discharge streams. The parameter search technique requires good initial estimates of the parameter values which are provided by the moments of the experimental data. This approach makes the program relatively straightforward to use. Simulated results demonstrating the use of the program are presented.     

An effective estimation of distribution algorithm for the flexible job-shop scheduling problem with fuzzy processing time

Considering the fuzzy nature of the data in real-world scheduling, an effective estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) is proposed to solve the flexible job-shop scheduling problem with fuzzy processing time. A probability model is presented to describe the probability distribution of the solution space. A mechanism is provided to update the probability model with the elite individuals. By sampling the probability model, new individuals can be generated among the search region with promising solutions. Moreover, a left-shift scheme is employed for improving schedule solution when idle time exists on the machine. In addition, some fuzzy number operations are used to calculate scheduling objective value. The influence of parameter setting is investigated based on the Taguchi method of design of experiment, and a suitable parameter setting is suggested. Numerical testing results and comparisons with some existing algorithms are provided, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed EDA.     

多输出回归算法在超声粒径分布反演中的研究

悬移质粒径分布作为研究水体运动规律和水利建设中的关键参数,通过对Epstein-Carhart-Allegra-Hawley(ECAH)模型和超声衰减实验这类先验信息的研究,结合机器学习算法对悬移质颗粒粒径进行预测.根据超声衰减实验和其他相关物性参数提取特征,结合筛分法确定的粒径分布种类制作训练数据集和验证数据集,通过...     

多输出回归算法在超声粒径分布反演中的研究

悬移质粒径分布作为研究水体运动规律和水利建设中的关键参数,通过对Epstein-Carhart-Allegra-Hawley(ECAH)模型和超声衰减实验这类先验信息的研究,结合机器学习算法对悬移质颗粒粒径进行预测。根据超声衰减实验和其他相关物性参数提取特征,结合筛分法确定的粒径分布种类制作训练数据集和验证数据集,通过对单种粒径预测的梯度提升决策树(Gradient Boosting Decision Tree,GBDT)算法进行组合构建多输出回归算法对粒径分布进行预测。结果表明:三种样品单种粒径的最大相对误差在±10%以内,中位径误差分别为0.07%、?0.10%和?2.20%;在实验范围内,预测分布结果与筛分法结果一致,有较高的可行性和准确度,可为粒径分布测量提供一种新的思路。     

Vector control application of a novel PM motor

This study introduces a new type of dual-stator permanent magnetic propulsion motor: the dissimilar frequency supplied permanent magnet synchronous motor (DFPMSM). The main advantage of the motor is its improved torque density and fault tolerance, which is well suited for electric propulsion at low speed. The vector control of the DFPMSM is presented. A torque current decoupling method is proposed to maintain the torque output while changing the torque distribution. A power loss model is derived for the power distribution strategy to achieve optimum efficiency of this motor. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed machine and control strategy.     

Gleeble热机械模拟试验中焦耳效应的数值模拟和试验验证

为了提高Gleeble动态试验数值模拟的精度,考虑焦耳效应所产生的温度场,利用Abaqus建立了帽型试样热电耦合的有限元模拟。使用简化的长方体试样进行Abaqus有限元模拟和相同参数条件下的Gleeble试验,其结果基本一致,表明该模拟可以相当预测焦耳效应的温度场分布情况。模拟帽型试样在Gleeble试验机上的加热过程,获得了动态试验开始时试样内部的温度分布,其结果可作为应力分析阶段的定义温度场。此外,特别扩展分析了Gleeble验证试验中材料相变温度的测定。     

BREAKAGE KINETICS USING MULTI-PASS GRINDING

To understand the mechanism of material breakage in a mill, it is important to first study the breakage kinetics. This is often done by experimental methods which Involve batch grinding a size fraction of the material and measuring the amount of the original size fraction remaining at various grind times. If the mill can not be used as a batch grinder, It Is difficult to experimentally study the breakage kinetics. The Szego mill is one such example of a mill which can be used only as a continuous grinder.

This paper deals with the method of using multi-pass grinding to determine the breakage kinetics. The experimental procedure Involves measuring the fraction of the top √2size Interval of material remaining after each pass through the mill at steady-state conditions. The model for steady-state, open-circuit grinding is extended for multi - pass grinding and it is shown how breakage kinetics can be determined from multi-pass grinding data under certain conditions. In this method the error resulting from a plug flow assumption of the material transport in the mill is also discussed. An application to multi-pass, dry grinding of coal with the Szego mill is described.