基于融合策略的改进Retinex低照度图像增强算法

针对Retinex算法处理低照度彩色图像出现色彩失真,边缘保持性差等问题,提出一种基于融合策略的改进Retinex低照度图像增强算法;该算法首先在YIQ颜色空间提取亮度分量Y,对其进行MSR算法增强;然后采用高斯-拉普拉斯算子对彩色图像的RGB三个分量进行边缘检测,将其叠加合成后转换成灰度图;最后使用小波变换将两幅图像融合得到新的亮度分量,将其与I、Q分量融合后转回RGB颜色空间,从而获得色彩保真度高、细节清晰的图像;实验结果表明,该方法有效提高了图像边缘细节信息,避免了色彩失真,具有很好的视觉效果。     

基于Curvelet变换的红外与彩色可见光图像融合算法

提出了基于二代Curvelet变换的红外与彩色可见光图像的融合算法。首先对彩色可见光图像进行IV1V2颜色空间变换提取亮度分量,然后对彩色图像的亮度分量和红外图像应用Curvelet变换,对低频系数应用亮度重映射技术后采用加权平均的融合规则,高频系数则采用取大融合规则,再对融合系数应用Curvelet逆变换获得融合图像的亮度分量,最后运用颜色空间逆变换得到融合图像。实验对比表明,相对于对传统融合算法中强度较高的源图像会淹没另一方背景纹理及细节的问题,该算法能有效提高红外光谱信息的充分融合,获得了视觉效果更好、综合指标更优的融合图像。     

基于改进颜色直方图和灰度共生矩阵的图像检索

针对传统颜色直方图提取的颜色特征维数高、传统灰度共生矩阵忽视纹理方向等问题,提出一种融合改进的颜色直方图和灰度共生矩阵算法的新图像检索算法。利用K-means聚类对检测图像进行颜色聚类以降低图像颜色数;在HSV空间进行矢量化编码,统计图像码字形成颜色直方图以提取颜色特征;利用灰度共生矩阵提取检测图像的4个特征值,利用方向测度引入权值因子,将其与4个特征值融合,对融合后的各分量进行高斯归一化后形成纹理特征向量;最后,采用加权平均融合颜色和纹理的特征距离。与其他两种算法相比,仿真实验表明本算法对一般图像和有纹理倾向的图像有较高的查全率和查准率。     

多尺度权重评估的MSRCR混合曝光成像算法

针对混合曝光成像算法过程中会出现低曝光处细节丢失且颜色失真饱和度不佳导致视觉观感下降的问题,提出一种多尺度权重评估的MSRCR（Multi-Scale Retinex with Color Restoration,MSRCR）混合曝光融合算法。基于Retinex模型将待融合图像分解为亮度分量与反射光分量,对亮度分量结合ACES函数构造光照补偿归一化函数进行处理,对反射光分量加入颜色恢复函数提升色彩细节;分别从曝光量、饱和度、对比度、色域四个尺度设计图像融合权重值,通过多尺度评估优化融合比例;利用Laplacian金字塔融合算法进行多尺度权重融合获得最终图像。实验结果表明,与传统的图像融合算法相比,该算法处理效果较好,有效降低了暗处失真率,提升了视觉信息保真度。     

K均值聚类分割的多特征图像检索方法

从图像数据库中快速、准确地检索出所需要的图像,具有广泛的应用前景。针对使用单一图像特征难以准确表达图像之间的差异问题,提出了一种利用颜色聚类分割和形状特征提取的图像检索算法。选择符合人眼视觉特征的HSV空间,分别重组最能描述图像颜色特征的H分量和形状特征的V分量;用K均值聚类算法对两个分量进行聚类分割,得到目标物体;提取目标物体的Hu不变矩和傅里叶描述子来描述形状特征;用欧式距离进行相似度测量并用于图像检索中。采用不同类型图像进行实验,结果表明该算法优于使用单一特征和一般分割方法的图像检索技术。     

基于颜色传递的数字视频融合方法

针对伪彩色融合方法的融合图像色彩单一、颜色传递算法计算复杂等问题,提出一种新的红外与可见光数字视频融合方法。该方法在Toet算法的基础上,利用图像统计信息进行颜色查找表映射运算,对融合图像进行快速颜色传递,使融合结果具有与参考图像相同的色彩信息。实验结果表明,该方法的融合结果接近自然景物的颜色,效果优于伪彩色融合方法,且运算速度较颜色传递算法有较大提高。     

基于PCA和数据融合的遥感图像数字水印算法

提出了一种向遥感图像中嵌入水印以保护其版权的算法。算法将数据融合技术和数字水印技术相结合,首先将全色图像进行小波分解,提取图像分解后的第三级低频边缘特征,利用PCA变换得到边缘特征的第一主分量作为水印信息,将水印与第三级中频进行融合;然后进行小波逆变换得到重构图像;最后采用小波变换和PCA融合法将含有水印的全色图像和多光谱图像相融合。提取水印时使用独立分量分析(ICA)方法。实验表明,该算法可以保护遥感图像的版权和进行真伪认证,且不破坏原始遥感图像的信息和特征,是有效可行的。     

基于自适应分割的多曝光图像融合算法

针对传统多曝光图像融合存在颜色和细节信息保留不完整的问题,提出了一种新的基于自适应分割的多曝光图像融合算法。首先,采用超像素分割将输入图像分割为颜色一致的图像块,再利用结构分解将图像块分解为三个独立分量。根据各分量特点设计不同融合规则,以保留源图像中的颜色和细节信息。然后,采用引导滤波平滑各分量的权重图以及信号强度分量和亮度分量,有效地克服块效应缺陷,保留源图像中的边缘信息,减少伪影。最后,重构融合后的三个分量,得到最终的融合图像。实验结果表明,与传统的融合算法相比,所提算法在互信息（MI）上平均提升了53.6%、标准差（SD）上平均提升了24.0%。该算法能够有效地保留输入图像的颜色和细节纹理信息。     

基于改进的BEMD的红外与可见光图像融合方法

将红外图像与可见光图像融合在一起,可增强视觉效果,使人产生更完整的场景感知。基于二维经验模态分解(Bidimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition,BEMD)的图像融合方法运行时间较长,因此,文中提出了一种基于改进的二维经验模态分解的红外与可见光图像快速自适应融合方法,采用顺序统计滤波器和高斯滤波器直接生成均值包络曲面,从而加速图像的分解过程。首先,将可见光图像转化到HIS(Hue-Intensity-Saturation)颜色空间;然后,用改进的BEMD对强度分量I和红外图像进行分解,生成高频分量和低频分量,高频分量和低频分量分别采用自适应局部加权融合规则和算术平均融合规则;最后,将强度分量I与红外图像的融合结果图经过逆HIS变换到RGB颜色空间,从而得到融合图像。仿真实验表明,该融合算法不仅运行速度快,而且融合效果最佳,最大程度地保留了红外图像的边缘细节特征和可见光图像的光谱信息。     

一种新的多聚焦图像融合算法

提出了一种基于小波-Contourlet变换的多聚焦图像融合算法;该算法首先采用小波-Contourlet变换对源图像进行多尺度分解,得到高频和低频图像;接着根据高、低频分量各自的区域特性,采用不同的融合规则进行处理,得到小波-Contourlet变换域的融合系数,最后通过反变换得到融合图像;采用信息熵、标准差和互信息3个评价标准,将该算法和传统的小波算法和Contourlet算法的融合结果进行了比较;实验结果表明,该算法获得的评价指标都优于其它算法,且融合图像较好地从源图像中提取了有用信息,提高了融合质量.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。