高斯尺度参数自适应算法研究

为了避免计算过于复杂或因丢弃过多关键信息而造成失真过大的问题,在高斯尺度空间的构造中正确选用尺度参数,以使图像信息的变化呈现均匀的特点就显得尤其重要。目前许多高斯尺度空间应用中采用的层之间的尺度参数关系并不明确,有可能使得分层效果不理想。基于视觉特征模型提出一种自适应高斯尺度参数的算法,并通过实验验证了它的有效性,从而为图像的高层次处理如目标识别等提供信息量稳定变化的尺度空间。     

能量回归尺度空间滤波法在图像去噪中的应用

如何有效地增强图像边缘信息,消除图像的噪声是图像处理和计算机视觉研究中的基本问题。利用多尺度二进小波变换,对2维噪声图像进行了研究,提出了能量回归尺度空间滤波方法。利用一些图像进行了数值实验,实验结果表明,能量回归尺度空间滤波法可以较好地保留图像边缘特征,较多地去除噪声。与典型的小波萎缩去噪方法：“硬阈值”滤波法、“软阈值”滤波法相比较,能量回归滤波算法的峰值信噪比（PSNR）提高了2~3dB,从而证实了能量回归尺度空间滤波方法具有良好的去噪性能。     

基于视觉特征信息量度量的高斯尺度参数自适应算法

为了避免计算过于复杂或因丢弃过多关键信息而造成失真过大的问题,在高斯尺度空间的构造中应正确选用尺度参数,以使图像信息的变化呈现均匀的特点。目前,许多高斯尺度空间应用中采用的层之间的尺度参数关系并不明确,使得分层效果不理想。本文基于视觉特征模型,提出一种自适应高斯尺度参数的算法,并通过对SAR图像降噪处理对比试验验证了它的有效性,从而为图像的高层次处理如目标识别等提供了信息量稳定变化的尺度空间。     

自适应全变分图像去噪模型及其快速求解*

在联合冲击滤波器和非线性各向异性扩散滤波器对含噪图像做预处理的基础上,利用边缘检测算子选取自适应参数,构建能同时兼顾图像平滑去噪与边缘保留的自适应全变分模型,并基于Bregman迭代正则化方法设计了其快速迭代求解算法.实验结果表明,自适应去噪模型及其求解算法在快速去除噪声的同时保留了图像的边缘轮廓和纹理等细节信息,得到的复原图像在客观评价标准和主观视觉效果方面均有所提高.     

基于改进NLM的PCB图像去噪算法

针对工业生产中的PCB图像边缘信息缺失且携带有大量噪声,现有去噪算法效果不佳、计算量庞大、复杂度高等问题,提出了一种基于改进NLM的PCB图像去噪算法,旨在提高PCB图像的去噪质量.首先,采用基于形态学的权重自适应算法对PCB图像进行图像增强,使PCB图像保留较好的边缘信息;其次,引入特征匹配模型对增强后的PCB图像与原始PCB图像进行特征点匹配融合;最后,通过改进NLM算法的权重值对PCB图像进行去噪,得到最终的去噪图像.实验结果显示,与现有算法相比,所提算法更好地保留了PCB图像的边缘信息,去噪效果佳,显著改善了图像质量,增强了图像的鲁棒性,且提高了计算速度,降低了算法复杂度.     

基于梯度自适应函数的彩色图像变分去噪方法

分析了彩色图像的全变分降噪模型,该模型在降噪的同时可以保持好图像的特征信息,但对于噪声较大的图像具有明显的"阶梯效应".Blomgren的基于梯度自适应函数的去噪模型只能处理灰度图像,因此提出改进的基于彩色图像的梯度自适应函数去噪模型.实验证明,改进的模型有效地解决了"阶梯效应"的发生,提高了模型的去噪能力和边缘保持能力.     

基于稀疏度自适应的视觉图像三维清晰重构

针对当前方法重构视觉图像时,存在峰值信噪比低、重构时间长和图像分辨率低的问题,提出基于稀疏度自适应的视觉图像三维清晰重构方法,利用图像光度信息和几何信息划分图像,按照纹理类别和边缘类别对图像进行分类,在图像组类别和噪声水平的基础上训练自适应字典,根据字典获得图像非局部相似先验和稀疏表示,结合建立变分模型对图像进行去噪处理.对去噪后的图像进行奇异值分解字典训练,利用稀疏度自适应正则化正交匹配算法对分解后的图像重建,完成视觉图像的三维清晰重构.仿真结果表明,所提方法的峰值信噪比高、重构时间短、图像分辨率高.     

一种基于形态学的小波自适应去噪算法

针对常规的去噪算法会引起图像边缘模糊,而在保留和增强图像边缘时又会影响图像的去噪效果的缺陷,提出了一种基于形态学的小波自适应去噪算法,利用多种结构元复合形态滤波器对噪声图像预处理,然后对处理后的图像采用小波自适应阈值进行二次滤波去噪,最后对图像进行重构得到去噪后的图像.实验表明,该算法能对受不同程度、类型的噪声污染的图像进行有效地的处理,并且在去噪时能保持更多的图像边缘.     

基于视觉感知的图形化人机交互界面分层模型

由于传统方法没有通过特征提取方法获取图像关键滤波纹理系数,导致人机交互界面图像存在增强效果不佳,非平缓区域、曲面区域等不同层次信息量不丰富的问题,为解决上述问题,设计了基于视觉感知的图形化人机交互界面分层模型.构建图像处理模型,采用边缘轮廓特征提取方法,获取关键滤波纹理系数与边缘轮廓信息分量等特征信息.使用层次分析方法对交互界面视觉传达效果进行优化.以交互界面各个区域视觉感知强度和边缘轮廓内视觉感知元素重要度为基础,建立基于视觉感知强度的图形化人机交互界面分层优化模型,并通过遗传算法求解该模型,实现图形化人机交互界面的分层优化.实验结果显示,上述模型的图像亮度增强效果更优,符合人眼视觉感知要求;信息熵始终处在较高数值,具有较好的图像融合效果,信息量丰富.     

基于非线性尺度空间的图像配准技术

针对尺度不变的二值化角点(BRISK)算法抗噪性能较低,未充分利用图像的边缘的问题,提出了一种基于非线性尺度空间的图像配准技术。该算法在构造尺度空间的时候采用非线性滤波器构造图像非线性尺度空间,同时利用AGAST算法在构建的非线性空间里提取具有显著特征的角点,结合旋转不变性的BRIEF算法构造128位的二值化描述子,采用汉明距离匹配描述子。实验结果表明,该算法能大幅度提高关键点的提取质量,获得了较好特征点重复检测率,增强了特征点鲁棒性以及提高了描述子的匹配率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.