VC添加量对纳米晶硬质合金的制备及性能影响

以钨钴氧化物、炭黑和VC为原料,采用原位还原碳化法制备WC-Co复合粉末,将复合粉末进行放电等离子烧结致密化制备WC-Co硬质合金块体材料。研究了不同VC添加量的复合粉末和块体材料的相组成、显微组织和性能,结果表明:VC的添加量对复合粉末的相组成、合金的晶粒尺寸和性能具有重要的影响,原料中添加2.0%VC(质量分数)时可获得平均晶粒尺寸为101 nm,相组成仅为WC和Co且具有高硬度和良好韧性的硬质合金块体材料。     

WC-Ni-Fe-Mo硬质合金的微观结构与性能研究

本文采用低压烧结的方式制备了性能良好的 WC–Ni–Fe–Mo 硬质合金,研究分析了不同 Mo 添加量对 WC–Ni–Fe硬质合金组织性能的影响。结果表明：不同 Mo 添加量对 WC–Ni–Fe 硬质合金的微观结构与性能有着显著地影响。添加微量的 Mo 可以抑制 WC-Ni-Fe 硬质合金中 WC 晶粒的溶解再析出长大,一定程度上可以细化 WC 晶粒。随着 Mo 在 WC–Ni–Fe 合金中的含量增加,合金孔隙率逐渐下降。密度先下降后升高,而抗弯强度的变化趋势则相反。当 Mo 添加量较少时,合金的硬度较为稳定,抗弯强度明显提升,而断裂韧性逐渐降低;当 Mo 添加量较大时,合金的硬度、抗弯强度降低,而断裂韧性上升。当 Mo 的添加量为0.5 wt %时,合金具有最佳的力学性能,可与同比例 Co 含量的 WC–Co 硬质合金相媲美,其维氏硬度为 HV 1460、抗弯强度为 4245 MPa、断裂韧性为 17.01 MPa·m1/2。     

原位合成WC-6Co复合粉末制备超细YG6硬质合金

将原位合成WC-6Co复合粉末采用干袋式冷等静压压制成型(压制压力1×10~8 Pa、保压时间15 s),将压制好的坯料采用低压烧结炉烧结(烧结温度1360℃、烧结时间40 min、加压5 MPa、保温保压时间20 min),烧结制备超细YG6硬质合金,对合金的形貌、金相组织及物理力学性能进行分析。结果表明:原位合成WC-6Co复合粉末制备的超细YG6硬质合金,晶粒异常长大,WC平均晶粒尺寸为0.8μm,硬度HV_(30)为(21500±100) MPa,较传统超细YG6X硬度高。再将WC-6Co复合粉末采用滚动湿磨、压力式喷雾干燥、掺成型剂、挤压成型、低压烧结等工序制备超细YG6硬质合金,研究不同晶粒长大抑制剂配比、球磨时间、挤压压力、烧结温度对合金性能的影响。结果表明:添加0.3%VC、0.8%Cr_3C_2(质量分数),湿磨48 h,挤压压力24 MPa,烧结温度1340℃,制备的超细YG6硬质合金WC晶粒均匀,无异常长大的WC晶粒,WC平均晶粒度尺寸0.4μm,呈多边形,外形较圆。强度、硬度最高,抗弯强度TRS为(2250±20) MPa、硬度HV30为(22600±100) MPa。断口形貌为沿晶断裂,沿WC与WC晶界断裂或WC与Co晶界断裂。     

微波烧结超细WC-8Co硬质合金中的脱碳及其改进(英文)

通过微波烧结技术制备超细WC-Co硬质合金。烧结过程中在试样的表层形成脱碳相W3Co3C。在混料过程中添加炭黑,研究碳含量与合金力学性能之间的关系。结果表明:当碳含量为0.45%时,合金的硬度和断裂强度达到最大值,分别为HRA93.2和3396MPa。SEM观察发现在微波烧结超细硬质合金过程中,WC晶粒的长大主要为初期的合并长大。     

纳米硬质合金制备技术的研究

研究了 WC-Co纳米硬质合金的制备技术。采用强化球磨、添加晶粒长大抑制剂和低温加压烧结工艺 ,获得了 WC晶粒度接近 2 0 0 nm的硬质合金。研究了 VC和Cr3 C2 两种抑制剂加入量对合金组织、WC晶粒度和性能的影响以及抑制晶粒长大的机理。研究结果表明 ,添加 VC和 Cr3 C2 晶粒长大抑制剂十分有效的抑制了晶粒的长大 ,合金中的 WC晶粒度随抑制剂加入量的增加而细化。但过多的抑制剂不仅会导致碳化物在 WC/Co晶界上大量析出 ,而且也会增加孔隙度 ,结果增加了合金脆性 ,降低了合金的强度 ,其有害影响 VC比 Cr3 C2 更大。采用加压烧结可消除合金中的孔隙提高合金的强度。     

Ru添加对WC-Co硬质合金结构与性能的影响

粘结相是硬质合金重要的组成部分,随着硬质合金材料技术的发展,目前,越来越多的研究者希望能够通过粘结相的掺杂技术来提升合金的综合性能.本文通过对比分析WC-Co和WC-Co-Ru硬质合金,发现Ru的添加能够抑制WC晶粒的长大,有效抑制WC晶粒的异常长大,可以提高合金中粘结相Co的显微硬度和合金的整体硬度,能够显著提升硬质...     

VC/Cr_3C_2及配碳量对WC-0.5Co超细硬质合金组织与性能的影响

以超细WC粉末和超细WC-6Co复合粉末为原料,添加VC/Cr3C2作为晶粒长大抑制剂,同时进行配碳,采用高能球磨和气压强化烧结制备晶粒度小于0.5μm的WC-0.5Co超细硬质合金,研究了不同VC/Cr3C2添加量及配碳量对其组织与性能的影响。结果表明:VC/Cr3C2有效抑制了烧结过程中WC晶粒的长大,显著提高了WC-0.5Co超细硬质合金的硬度。当VC/Cr3C2添加量为0.73%(质量分数,下同)时,合金的硬度(HV0.05)最高,达到32 658 MPa;同时一定的配碳量有利于控制合金中的脱碳,提高合金性能,当配碳量为0.2%时,WC-0.5Co-0.73VC/Cr3C2合金的综合力学性能最好,断裂韧性为6.935 MPa·m1/2,维氏硬度(HV0.05)为32 216 MPa。     

用喷雾转化法制备的纳米晶粉末烧结的WC—10Co硬质合金的力学性能

研究了纳米晶WC－10Co硬质合金的力学性能和显著结构。这种纳米晶WC－10Co硬质合金粉末是将含有偏钨酸铵（AMT）和硝酸钴的溶液喷雾干燥制得的纳米晶前驱体粉末再经过还原和碳化制备的。直径约100nm的WC粉末与Co炽结相混合均匀，并在1毫乇压力和1375℃下进行烧结。为了与纳米晶料WC－10Co的显微结构和力学性能相比较，将直径范围为0．57－4μm的工业用WC粉末与Co粉混合，并在与纳米晶粉末相同的条件下进行烧结，在纳米晶WC－10Co硬质合金中加入不同量的TaC、Cr3C2和VC作为晶粒长大抑制剂。为研究WC－10Co硬质合金中Co粘结相的显微结构，以WC－10Co硬质合金烧结温度下制备了Co-W-C合金。WC－10Co硬质合金随着WC粒度的减小而增加的硬度因而符合霍尔－佩奇型关系式。WC－10Co硬质合金的断裂韧性随着Co粘结相的HCP（密排六方相）／FCC（面心六方相）比的增大（由于HCP／FCC相引起的）而提高。     

原位合成复合粉制备超细WC-Co硬质合金

以偏钨酸铵、可溶钴盐、可溶碳源为原料,经喷雾转化、煅烧、低温还原碳化制备超细晶WC-Co复合粉;采用同样成分配比及工艺,在煅烧后增加短时球磨工艺,制备出另一种超细晶WC-Co复合粉;分别以2种复合粉为原料,用放电等离子直接烧结制备超细WC-Co硬质合金。采用SEM、XRD、钴磁仪、矫顽磁力计、维氏硬度计等对复合粉形貌、合金显微组织与性能进行表征分析。结果表明,未短时球磨的粉末呈现出球形结构,WC颗粒被Co相粘结在一起,可观察到烧结颈并有异常长大晶粒,经过短时球磨工序制备的粉末为分散颗粒,2种粉末中Co相同时以fcc与hcp的结构存在,粉末WC晶粒尺寸约为0.26μm;未短时球磨的粉末制备的合金存在少量孔隙,致密度较低,有异常长大晶粒。短时球磨能有效提高粉末颗粒的分散性,减少烧结体中的显微组织缺陷,制备的合金综合性能得到提高。     

真空-压力两步烧结制备的表层脱立方相梯度硬质合金的组织与性能

本文通过真空-压力两步烧结制备了脱立方相梯度硬质合金,并对材料的组织和性能做了研究。研究发现,相比于一步真空烧结制备的脱立方相梯度硬质合金,真空-压力两步烧结制备的梯度硬质合金脱立方相层更厚,合金内部的立方相晶粒尺寸更大。梯度硬质合金脱立方相层中的平均WC晶粒尺寸比内部的更大,这与脱立方相层中Co含量更高以及内部含Ti立方相的存在有关。梯度硬质合金中过渡层的微观硬度高于合金内部,而脱立方相层的硬度最低,微观硬度变化与Co、Ti等元素含量变化紧密相关。压力烧结对表面脱立方相层的致密化作用明显,使得脱立方相层的孔隙减少,梯度合金相对密度达到99.6%。脱立方相层厚度增加和孔隙缺陷减少促进了梯度硬质合金横向断裂强度的提高。     

Effect of VC and NbC additions on microstructure and properties of ultrafine WC-10Co cemented carbides

The nanocomposite WC-Co powders were prepared through planetary ball milling method. Effects of grain growth inhibitor addition and the vacuum sintering parameters on the microstructure and properties of ultrafine WC-10Co cemented carbides were investigated using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and mechanical property tester. The results show that VC and NbC additions can refine the WC grains, decrease the volume fraction of Co₃W₃C phase in ultrafine WC-10Co cemented carbides, and increase the hardness and fracture toughness of the base alloys. After sintering for 60 min at 1400 °C, the average grain size and hardness of ultrafine-grained WC-10Co-1VC cemented carbide are 470 nm and HRA 91.5, respectively. The fracture toughness of cemented carbide WC-10Co-1NbC alloy is over 7 MN·m^?3/2.     

Synthesis of WC-Co composite powders with two-step carbonization and sintering performance study

In this study, WC-Co composite powder was synthesized by two-step carbonization method using W, Co and C as raw materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the η phase (Co₆W₆C) was kept at 1100 °C for 1 h under vacuum, and it could be completely carbonized into WC-Co composite powders. The surface morphology of WC-Co composite powders was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of η phase and second phase (W phase) on WC morphology and Co phase distribution were investigated. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) was used to analyze WC-10 wt% Co cemented carbide particle distribution. Comparison of transverse rupture strength, hardness and fracture toughness of two kinds of WC-10 wt% Co cemented carbides synthesized by WC-Co composite powders + WC and WC + Co respectively, the cemented carbide of composite powders + WC increases the fracture toughness from 11.4 ± 0.3 MPa·m^1/2 to 12.4 ± 0.3 MPa·m^1/2.     

WC-Co-(Ni)-(Cr)硬质合金在中性溶液中的腐蚀行为

以WC粉、Co粉、Ni粉及Cr3C2粉为原料,采用粉末冶金方法制备了3组不同粘结相成分的WC-Co-(Ni)-(Cr)硬质合金,通过极化曲线测试和浸泡实验研究了3组合金在中性溶液中的腐蚀行为,并采用扫描电镜、能谱分析、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和EBSD等手段对其腐蚀机理进行了探讨。结果表明,WC-Co和WC-Co-Cr硬质合金在中性溶液中主要发生粘结相Co的腐蚀,浸泡产生的腐蚀产物主要是Co(OH)2;添加Cr将提高WC-Co硬质合金在中性溶液中的耐腐蚀性能,这可能与Cr的添加明显降低了粘结相中密排六方Co的含量有关;同时添加Ni和Cr可进一步提高WC-Co合金在中性溶液中的耐腐蚀性能,在pH=7的Na2SO4溶液中浸泡480 h后,WC-Co-Ni-Cr合金发生很少量的腐蚀。     

VC和碳含量对超细晶硬质合金室温和高温性能的影响

以原位还原碳化技术制备的WC-8Co复合粉和VC粉末为原料,采用低压烧结技术制备出超细晶硬质合金。系统研究了VC添加量和复合粉中碳含量对硬质合金的相组成、显微组织、室温和高温力学性能的影响。结果表明:硬质合金的晶粒尺寸、硬度和断裂韧性主要受VC添加量的影响,且随VC添加量的增加呈单调变化;抗弯强度随VC添加量的变化趋势与碳含量有关;压缩强度随温度的变化呈现先降低后升高的趋势;当WC-Co复合粉的碳含量为5.60%～5.68%(质量分数)、VC添加量不超过0.5%时,可分别制备出室温抗弯强度为4482MPa和600℃下抗压缩强度为4914MPa的高综合性能的超细晶硬质合金。基于微观组织特征的分析,结合弹-塑性有限元模型对应力分布的模拟,对超细晶硬质合金力学性能的变化规律及影响机理进行了分析。     

中国超细晶硬质合金及原料制备技术进展

超细晶硬质合金是WC晶粒度≤0．5μm的硬质合金,这类合金具有高强度和高硬度的优异性能。目前由超细晶硬质合金制备的高效刀具已经广泛用于航空航天、核能、汽车、发电设备、新能源和电子通讯等现代制造业。主要对中国超细晶硬质合金原料（例如超细碳化钨粉、钴粉、复合粉）和超细晶硬质合金制备技术、性能及表征方法作了系统的阐述。最后对超细晶硬质合金制备技术进行了展望。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 90WC-8Ni-2Mo2C cemented carbide developed by conventional powder metallurgy

In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of a WC-Ni based cemented carbide with the addition of 2 wt% Mo₂C, processed by conventional powder metallurgy, was investigated. With the addition of only Mo₂C in the WC-Ni alloy system, the wettability between the WC and Ni binder phase was improved, which was confirmed by the increased density, hardness, fracture toughness and flexure strength of the cemented carbide obtained, which is superior than those observed in WC-10Ni cemented carbides and similar to those observed in WC-Co and WC-Ni-TiC-Mo₂C cemented carbides. Microstructural examinations of the developed cemented carbide 90WC-8Ni-2Mo₂C indicated that there was no excessive grain growth of the WC particles during sintering, confirming that Mo₂C is a grain growth inhibitor as effective as other carbides such as VC, TiC, Cr₂O₃, showing that the addition of only Mo₂C is able to improve the overall mechanical properties of the WC-Ni alloy system without sacrificing the toughness.     

A short and facile process to synthesize WC-Co cemented carbides

WC-Co cemented carbides are widely used in the fields of military, aerospace, mining and cutting industry etc. In this paper, a new two-step method for the preparation of WC-Co cemented carbides was proposed. First, the mixture of yellow tungsten trioxide (WO₃) and cobaltic oxide (Co₂O₃) were reduced by carbon black to remove all the oxygen. Then, the carbothermic reduction products were precisely mixed with an appropriate amount of carbon black to directly prepare WC-Co cemented carbides. The effects of C/WO₃ ratio on the phase composition, morphological evolution, particle size and mechanical properties of products are investigated. The experimental results revealed that when the C/WO₃ molar ratio was above 2.7, all oxygen in the raw material mixture were removed by carbon black and a mixture of W₂C and η-phase were obtained after the first step of carbothermic reduction at 1150 °C for 2 h; then, the mixture of carbothermic reduction product and an appropriate content of carbon black was compacted, and the green compact was first carbonized at 1200 °C for 2 h and then sintered at 1450 °C for 4 h to prepare cemented carbides. With the increase of C/WO₃ ratio at the first stage, the content of η-phase with a low melting point increased, which resulted in the large grain size of WC in the finally prepared cemented carbide. Compared with the traditional method of preparing cemented carbides, the cemented carbides prepared by the current method showed a higher hardness and toughness. Furthermore, the addition of a proper content of the VC in the second stage can significantly inhibit the grain growth of WC and further increase the hardness of cemented carbides.     

Effect of Mo2C additions on the properties of SPS manufactured WC–TiC–Ni cemented carbides

The effect of spark plasma sintering (SPS) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WC–Co and WC–Ni cemented carbides was studied, and compared to WC–Co produced by liquid phase sintering (LPS). There were finer WC grains with larger Co pools in the spark plasma sintered WC–Co, resulting in higher hardness and slightly lower fracture toughness than the liquid phase sintered WC–Co. The influence of the addition of 0.5–5 wt.%Mo₂C to WC-based cemented carbide containing 6.25 wt.%TiC and 9.3 wt.%Ni prepared by SPS was also studied. This addition improved the wettability between WC and Ni and lead to the improvements of microstructures, resulting in good combinations of hardness, fracture toughness and modulus of elasticity that were comparable to WC–Co based cemented carbides.     

超细WC-Co硬质合金的制备与性能研究

利用高能球磨法制备纳米级WC-Co混合粉末,采用脉冲电流烧结技术进行烧结。用能谱分析仪(EDX)对球磨后的粉末进行成分分析,用X射线衍射(XRD)对比分析球磨前后WC-Co混合粉末的衍射峰变化,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制备的粉末及烧结材料进行了组织形貌观察,并测定了烧结试样的硬度。结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,WC-Co纳米粉末的粒度逐渐变小,当球磨时间超过30h后获得了粒度为100nm以下的WC-Co纳米粉末。脉冲电流烧结后获得超细WC-Co硬质合金,与传统的WC-Co硬质合金相比,超细WC-Co硬质合金具有更高的硬度(HRA92.5～94)和耐磨性。另外通过实验获得了最佳的烧结工艺参数。