机械合金化制备具有纳米相复合结构的Al-Pb互不溶体系中Pb相的粗化动力学和添加Cu对其粗化的影响（英文）

利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究了机械合金化制备的具有纳米相复合结构的Al-Pb互不溶体系中Pb相的粗化动力学和添加Cu对其粗化的影响。结果表明在573、623、673和723 K退火不同时间后,尽管Al-Pb纳米相复合结构合金中组成相的尺寸均在纳米量级,Pb相的平均颗粒尺寸与退火时间之间仍满足三次方定律。Pb相的粗化激活能为84.8 kJ/mol,此值接近于基体Al的晶界自扩散激活能。这表明Pb相的粗化受晶界扩散控制。添加Cu降低了Pb相的粗化速率,这与Cu在Al和Pb相的界面偏聚,降低了Al/Pb的界面能有关。添加Cu后,Pb相的长大激活能增加。     

高能球磨制备的Al-Pb纳米相复合结构合金中纳米相Pb的体积分数对其长大行为的影响

利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究了高能球磨制备的Al-Pb纳米相复合结构合金中纳米相Pb的体积分数对其长大行为的影响。结果表明尽管Al-Pb纳米相复合结构中组成相的尺寸均在纳米量级,不同体积分数的纳米相Pb的长大行为均遵循三次方定律。纳米相Pb的粗化速率随其体积分数的增加而增加,增加幅度大于理论在此成分范围内的预测。纳米相Pb的粗化激活能不随合金成分而变化。纳米相Pb的粗化受溶质原子沿溶剂基体的晶界扩散所控制。     

高能球磨制备Al-Pb纳米相复合结构合金中纳米相Pb体积分数对其长大行为影响（英文）

利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究了高能球磨制备的Al-Pb纳米相复合结构合金中纳米相Pb的体积分数对其长大行为的影响。结果表明,尽管Al-Pb纳米相复合结构中组成相的尺寸均在纳米量级,不同体积分数的纳米相Pb的长大行为均遵循三次方定律。纳米相Pb的粗化速率随其体积分数的增加而增加,增加幅度大于理论在此成分范围内的预测。纳米相Pb的粗化激活能不随合金成分而变化。纳米相Pb的粗化受溶质原子沿溶剂基体的晶界扩散所控制。     

Sn对Al-Pb偏晶合金凝固过程及组织的影响

研究了添加第三组元Sn对定向凝固Al-Pb合金组织的影响.结果表明,添加微量Sn能降低Al-Pb合金液-液相变时两液相间的界面能,促进富Pb相液滴形核和弥散型Al-Pb合金凝固组织的获得;随着Sn添加量的增加,弥散相体积分数增大,液-液相变温度区间和液-液-固三相温度区间之和增大,初生弥散相粒子和偏晶反应弥散相粒子的尺寸均增大;添加Sn促进Al-Pb合金中凝固界面枝晶化,这一方面促进弥散相液滴/粒子沿凝固方向均匀分布,另一方面,促进弥散相液滴/粒子沿定向凝固合金晶界分布.     

7055铝合金晶界η相回归阶段的粗化动力学

采用透射电镜、拉伸试验、剥落腐蚀试验等手段,研究7055铝合金在回归时效阶段的晶界η相形貌、尺寸、间距及其粗化动力学行为,以及对最终材料性能的影响。结果表明:随着回归温度的升高或回归时间的延长,晶界η相不断粗化,间距也不断增大;且回归温度越高,晶界η相粗化速率越快。在本实验条件下,该合金晶界η相的粗化激活能Q=1.13 eV,据此建立晶界相粗化动力学模型。     

Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe合金的第二相颗粒粗化行为

采用SEM-SE及定量金相分析技术研究了不同成品退火温度(450～550 ℃,2 h)的两种Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe合金包壳管第二相颗粒的粗化行为。结果表明,升高温度能促进第二相分布均匀化及尺寸粗化的过程。根据粗化二次动力学方程计算得出Zr-0.3Sn-1.2Nb-0.2Fe合金的第二相颗粒粗化激活能为209 kJ/mol,Zr-0.5Sn-0.2Nb-0.8Fe合金的第二相颗粒粗化激活能为179 kJ/mol。粗化激活能的大小与锆合金中Nb含量的高低存在对应关系。     

Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V合金等轴α相的静态粗化行为

为深入了解Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V钛合金等轴α相在退火过程中的演变行为,基于粗化指数n及α界面迁移激活能的计算对其静态粗化机制进行研究.n=6的结果表明,等轴α相具有特殊的粗化机制.计算得到的α界面迁移激活能为138 kJ/mol,接近纯钛的晶粒长大激活能.这表明等轴α的粗化主要是由钛原子穿越α/α界面的自扩散导致....     

冷轧焊接制备Ag/Al双金属材料的扩散和相转变(英文)

通过轧制Al条和Ag条制备Ag/Al双金属条。为使Al和Ag条之间发生冷焊,对表面进行处理并设置不同的轧制压下量。实验表明:发生冷焊的最小临界轧制厚度压下量为70%,相当于轧制形状因子0.1630。对双金属条进行均匀化退火,于400°C保温不同时间。利使用扫描电子显微镜观察Al/Ag界面,研究可能存在的硬脆相。通过EDS分析和线扫描分析退火时间对扩散距离和相转变的影响。在界面上Ag侧观察到一个扩散区,其宽度随退火时间的延长而增加。退火处理3h后在靠近界面处观察到一些δ相,而且随着退火时间的延长,δ相变得更粗、更连续。显微硬度测试表明:尽管通过均匀化退火生成δ相,界面硬度却有所降低。     

Ti14合金在等温热暴露条件下Ti2Cu相的粗化行为

研究了Ti14合金中Ti_2Cu相在500℃等温热暴露下的静态粗化行为,揭示出Ti_2Cu相的生长速率和形态变化受扩散机制控制。结果表明:静态粗化过程由快速粗化阶段和稳定粗化阶段组成,其中快速粗化阶段主要由末端迁移机制控制,由于条状Ti_2Cu相的末端与长轴方向界面能的差异,溶质原子的扩散过程导致板条状Ti_2Cu的粗化和破碎。而稳定粗化阶段主要由Oswald熟化机制控制,随着时间的延长,合金中Ti_2Cu析出物的尺寸持续增大,而粗化速率降低。Ti_2Cu相的快速粗化会引发第二相的强化,并有效提高快速粗化阶段的可塑性。但是在稳定粗化阶段,由于Ti_2Cu相的长大会增加其位错的有效滑移长度,并进一步影响其裂纹形核阻力同时改变界面构型和晶格失配,从而降低Ti14合金的拉伸塑性。     

FGH96合金中γ＇相的高温粗化行为

利用热力学计算，SEM分析研究了FGH96合金中的γ’强化相的高温粗化规律，并对γ’相的粗化行为进行了动力学分析。结果表明：随着合金中组元Nb和Ti/Al值的变化，FGH96合金中γ＇相的溶解温度区间为1088℃-1125℃，在高温热处理过程中，随着保温时间延长，合金中小γ＇相数量减少，单位面积内的γ＇颗粒数目减少，大γ＇颗粒数目明显增加，即发生了Ostwald熟化；γ＇相粗化遵循L-S-W理论，即：γ^-1xt,γ＇相的粗化激活能Q=293.6kJ/mol,γ＇颗粒的粗化主要由Ti和Al在基体中的扩散所控制。     

机械合金化制备的Al-Pb-Cu合金结构与摩擦性能

用机械合金化方法制备了Al-Pb-Cu合金。X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）分析表明，随机械合金化的进行，Al-Pb-Cu合金中相继有Cu9Al4和CuAl2相形成，在随后的烧结过程中，CuAl2相农渐增加，而Cu9Al4相逐渐消失，最终获得了在Al基体上弥散分布为Pb相和CuAl2相的组织，与Al-Pb二元合金相比，Cu的加入在一定程度上抑制了Pb相的长大，摩擦磨损性能测定表明，Al-Pb-Cu合金的摩擦磨损性能比相同方法制备的Al-Pb二元合金有了较大提高，当Cu含量（质量分数）为4．5％时，合金的耐磨性最佳。     

固溶处理AZ91-xCu合金的组织与腐蚀性能

以真空熔炼方法制备的AZ91-xCu(x=0、0.5、1、2)合金为研究对象,对其进行400 ℃保温12 h固溶处理,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、浸泡失重法及极化曲线测试等手段对合金的微观结构和腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明:铸态与固溶态AZ91-xCu合金基体主要由α-Mg与β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相组成,Cu的添加使基体产生了Mg₂Cu、Cu₅Zn₈等相,其中固溶态AZ91-2Cu合金中出现了新相Al₂Cu;固溶处理时合金中的β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相大量溶入基体,晶界明显,剩余第二相主要分布于晶界处,少量弥散分布于晶内;添加Cu与固溶处理均加快AZ91合金的腐蚀速率,其中固溶态AZ91-2Cu合金腐蚀速率最大。     

Recrystallization of the cold-deformed discontinuous precipitation microstructure in Al-Zn (-Cu) alloys

Recrystallization of cold-rolled discontinuous precipitation microstructure which has fine laminar structure in an Al-40% Zn (atom fraction) binary alloy is investigated by optical microscopy, SEM and TEM. It is found that there are two kinds of recrystallization mechanisms: continuous coarsening (CC) and discontinuous coarsening (DC). The latter can be divided into coarsening mainly driven by stored deformation energy at colony boundaries and slip bands and the one mainly driven by boundary energy in the area with little deformation. It is shown that the addition of Cu can retard the nucleation of coarsening cells and their growth. X-Ray diffraction analysis indicated the metastable phase CuZn4 transformed into equilibrium phase Al4Cu3Zn during the heating process.     

Microstructural evolution during recovery and recrystallization of a nanocrystalline Al-Mg alloy prepared by cryogenic ball milling

The microstructural evolution during thermal annealing of a cryogenically ball milled Al-7.6 at% Mg alloy with a grain size of ~25 nm was examined using differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Recovery occurs during annealing from 100 to 230 °C resulting in strain relaxation and grain coarsening, and recrystallization proceeds at higher temperatures up to about 370 °C with further grain growth. The stored enthalpy release during recovery was estimated to be ~450 J/mol, which is considerably higher than that in materials processed by other known cold-working methods. Only a fraction of the measured enthalpy was found to arise from the enthalpy releases due to grain coarsening and the reduction of high dislocation density. Both recovery and recrystallization give rise to non-uniform, bimodal grain-size distributions, which may result from heterogeneous nanostructures in the as-milled state. The detailed microscopic observations strongly support that grain coalescence is a feasible mechanism for grain coarsening during the recovery. In addition, the activation energy for recovery was calculated to be ~120 kJ/mol, indicating the process is diffusion-controlled (Mg in Al), whereas the activation energy for recrystallization was considerably higher, ~190 kJ/mol.     

固溶和双级时效对反挤压2A12铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析、X射线衍射(XRD)和常温万能拉伸试验机等观察检测手段,针对由反挤压工艺制备的2A12铝合金经过不同的固溶加双级时效(T6)处理,观察并分析在不同条件下处理前、后试样的微观组织和力学性能之间的联系。结果表明:在不同的固溶温度下,得到505℃×1 h的晶粒尺寸细小且弥散相沿晶界序列排布,残留共晶相溶解较充分,力学性能佳。继而分别研究双级时效温度和时间对合金组织和性能的影响,得到在100℃×2 h+200℃×5 h时合金的抗拉强度最高,达到450. 5 MPa,伸长率为14%,晶体中析出大量强化相θ(Al2Cu)和纳米级S相(Al2CuMg),并且弥散分布着难以随温度和时间溶解的T相(Al20Cu2Mn3)。     

Al-Pb-Cu合金在高能球磨和烧结过程中的组织结构变化

用机械合金化方法制备了Al-Pb-Cu合金，利用X-ray衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）分析研究了Al-Pb-Cu合金在高能球磨和烧结过程中的组织结构变化。并与Al-Pb二元合金作了比较。     

Effects of Yb addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of 2519A aluminum alloy plate

The effects of Yb content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of 2519A aluminum alloy plate were investigated by means of tensile test,optical microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer.The results show that addition of 0.17% (mass fraction) Yb increases the density of θ' particles of the 2519A alloy plate and reduces the coarsening speed rate of θ' phase at 300 ℃.Therefore,tensile strength is enhanced from 483.2 MPa to 501.0 MPa at room temperature and is improved from 139.5 MPa to 169.4 MPa at 300 ℃.The results also show that with the addition of 0.30% (mass fraction) Yb,the mechanical properties increase at 300 ℃ and decrease at room temperature.With Yb additions,the Al7.4Cu9.6Yb2 phase is found whilst the segregated phases of as-cast alloys along grain boundaries become discontinuous,thin and spheroidized.     

高能球磨制备Al-Pb-Si-Sn-Cu纳米晶粉末的特性

通过机械合金化制备了Al-15％Pb-4％Si-1％Sn-1．5％Cu(质量分数)纳米晶粉末。采用X射线衍射(XRD)，扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对不同球磨时间的混合粉末的组织结构、晶粒大小、微观形貌以及颗粒中化学成分分布情况进行了研究。结果表明混合粉末经过球磨后形成了纳米晶，其组织非常均匀。球磨对Pb的作用效果明显大于对Al的作用效果，经过40h球磨后Pb粒子达到40nm，而Al在球磨60h后晶粒为65nm；经球磨后，Cu和Si固溶于Al的晶格中，而Sn则固溶于Pb晶格中，并且Al和Pb发生了互溶，形成了Pb(Al）超饱和固溶体；在球磨过程中硬度高的脆性粒子Si难于完全实现合金化。     

Influence of aging modes on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy after solid solution and aging treatments were studied by using optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) as well as tensile testing. The results indicated that β-Mg17Al12 phase was getting to distribute discontinuously along the grain boundary after treated at 395℃ ageing for 12 h followed by water-cooling, but it did not dissolve into α-Mg completely. The residual β-Mg17Al12 phase distributed along the grain boundary and had block-like or island shapes. The size of α-Mg was getting to be coarsening but not significantly. The β-Mg17Al12 precipitates appeared in discontinuous and continuous patterns from supersaturated α-Mg solid solution after aged at 200℃. The precipitation patterns were associated with the aging time essentially. The tensile strength and elongation of the alloy increased significantly but the hardness and yield strength decreased after solid solution treatment. However, with the prolonging of aging time, the hardness and strength of alloy increased while the ductility decreased.