催化加氢合成苯并三氮唑类紫外吸收剂

研究了炭载Pd-Pt-Cu三金属催化2-硝基-(2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基)偶氮苯(HAB)加氢合成2-(2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基)苯并三氮唑(UV-P)的性能,得到最佳反应条件为:在323 K、0.5 MPa氢气压力条件下反应5 h后,HAB转化率为100%,UV-P选择性达92.2%,实现了偶氮化合物加氢高选择性地合成苯并三氮唑紫外吸收剂。利用XRD、TEM及XPS对催化剂的结构进行表征,结果发现,Cu-Pd、Cu-Pt合金相与催化剂表面适量的缺电子态贵金属物种(M~(δ+))可以有效抑制N—N键断裂与过度加氢副反应,降低四氢化合物和芳胺类等副产物的生成。     

催化加氢合成苯并三氮唑类紫外吸收剂

在催化剂作用和氢气气氛下,经过偶氮化合物加氢还原、脱水环化和加氢脱氧合成苯并三氮唑类紫外吸收剂。相比于化学还原合成方法,催化加氢路线具有原子经济性高、环境友好的特点。通过研究催化加氢合成苯并三氮唑类紫外吸收剂主反应和副反应发生的过程,修改了反应机理,增加了共轭碳碳双键加氢的副反应路线。考察了碱性助剂有效提高目标产物选择性的作用机制。提出了活性氢物种对氮氧化物的还原是引起其开环生成两分子芳胺副产物的主要诱因,三氮唑环与相邻苯环形成的共轭双烯结构的过度加氢生成了四氢副产物。     

紫外线吸收剂UV-P的合成和应用

介绍了UV-P的合成方法，即：将2-硝基苯胺(1)用亚硝酸钠(2)和盐酸重氮化后与4-甲基苯酚(3)进行偶合反应制成2-硝基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基偶氮苯(4)。(1)、(2)、(3)的摩尔比为1：1．05：1。将(4)用水合肼还原为2-(2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑N-氧化物(5)，然后再用锌粉还原(5)为2-(2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑(UV-P)。该类产品与受阻胺光稳定剂(HALS)并用于PP、PE、PVC、PS时，有协同效应，效果随材料不同而异。     

反应型氯乙酰基苯并三唑紫外线吸收剂的合成

以2-(2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基)苯并三唑(UV-P)和氯乙酰氯为原料,无水AlCl3为催化剂,硝基苯为溶剂,通过酯化和Fries重排反应合成了反应型紫外线吸收剂2-(2'-羟基-3'-氯乙酰基-5'-甲基苯基)苯并三唑(HCAMPBZ).考察了不同溶剂对产物收率的影响,结果表明,以硝基苯为溶剂,产物收率高达64.3%.采用FTIR,1HNMR和UV对产物进行了结构表征.其产物在232 nm,312 nm和352 nm处有强紫外吸收,与原料UV-P相比发生了明显红移,通过紫外吸光度测定计算了UV-P及其产物的摩尔消光系数ε分别为23 120 L·mol-1·cm-1和20 160 L·mol-1·cm-1.     

紫外线吸收剂UV—P的合成与应用

2-（2-羟基-5-甲基苯基）-2H-苯并三唑（UV—P）系经重氮化,偶合,还原等反应制成。本文对用锌粉、水合肼、氢气等还原剂还原2-硝基-2’-羟基-5’-甲基偶氮苯制备UV—P的工艺进行了综述,还介绍了UV—P用于聚合物材料时的协同效应。     

偶氮苯核心第一代不对称共轭树状聚合物的合成

以3,5-二叔丁基苯酚,三氟甲基磺酸酐和4,5-二乙炔基-2-甲氧基苯酚为原料合成4,5-双（3＇,5＇-二叔丁基苯基乙炔基）-2-甲氧基苯酚,并在其羟基上引入4,4＇-二（三甲基甲硅烷基乙炔基）偶氮苯,成功得到了以偶氮苯为核心第一代不对称共轭苯乙炔树状聚合物。该树状聚合物在波长为200～425 nm之间对紫外光有强的吸收,并在紫外光的激发下发出蓝色荧光。     

α-(-5-氟尿嘧啶-1-基甲基甲酰基)氨基-3-羟基丙酸的合成及红外光谱研究

采用碳二亚胺法以5-氟尿嘧啶-1-基乙酸、二环己基碳二酰亚胺和L-丝氨酸为原料,1-羟基苯并三氮唑为辅助试剂,通过液相偶联法合成了一种新型的α-（5-氟尿嘧啶-1-基甲基甲酰基）氨基-3-羟基丙酸化合物。通过红外光谱、元素分析确证了该种“5-氟尿嘧啶短肽化合物”的结构。     

新三氮烯类试剂的合成及其与金属离子显色反应的研究

合成了十九种新的含有卤素取代基、羟基、磺酸基等取代苯基及多取代萘环的三氮烯类显色剂,如[4-对氟(氯、溴、碘)苯基三氮烯]偶氮苯、[4-间氟(氯、溴、碘)苯基三氮烯]偶氮苯、[4-(3-羟基-6-磺酸基苯基)三氮烯]偶氮苯等。所有显色剂均能与 Cd~(2+)、Hg~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Ag~+等形成灵敏的有色胶束配合物,摩尔吸收系数多在10~5以上。研究了取代基的种类及其所在位置的影响规律。     

α-（5-氟尿嘧啶-1-基甲基甲酰基）氨基-2-甲基戊酸的合成

采用碳二亚胺法以5-氟尿嘧啶-1-基乙酸、二环已基碳二酰亚胺和L-亮氨酸为原料,1-羟基苯并三氮唑为辅助试剂,通过液相偶联法合成了-种新型的α-（5-氟尿嘧啶-1-基甲基甲酰基）氨基-2-甲基戊酸化合物。通过红外光谱、元素分析和核磁共振氢谱等确证了其结构。     

苯并三氮唑类反应型紫外线吸收剂的合成与应用性能

以2-(2'-羟基-5'-叔丁基苯基)苯并三氮唑、N-羟甲基氯乙酰胺、三聚氯氰、间位酯为原料,合成了一种棉用的反应型紫外吸收剂,并通过核磁确认了其结构。应用该紫外线吸收剂整理的织物在UVA和UVB波段均具有很好的紫外线防护效果,其紫外线吸收系数(UPF值)经过50次洗涤后,保留率高于90%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。