Ka波段毫米波综合孔径辐射计成像研究

华中科技大学电磁场与微波技术中心已经设计并研制出一套工作于Ka波段的16阵元一维毫米波综合孔径辐射成像系统HUST-ASR,样机采用了最小冗余稀疏直线阵列以及先进的数字相关技术。阵列幅相误差对综合孔径辐射计成像会产生严重影响,文中提出一种不增加系统硬件复杂度、易于实现的单外部辅助源校正方法,给出在辐射计低信噪比条件下的校正算法,并进行了成像试验验证。试验结果表明,该校正方法能够有效校正毫米波综合孔径辐射计的幅相误差,经过校正后的成像系统对自然场景实现了非常清晰的毫米波综合孔径亮温图像,空间分辨率达到0.64°,证明该系统具有良好的成像性能。     

一种基于稀疏先验的综合孔径展源辐射成像统计反演方法

确定性的综合孔径辐射计反演方法没有考虑亮温分布先验信息的统计特性.针对亮温分布具有非连续特性的展源,本文提出了一种基于稀疏先验的综合孔径展源辐射成像统计反演方法.根据该方法,采用修正的差分算子提取亮温非连续分布展源中隐含的稀疏先验,建立稀疏先验概率分布的多层先验等效高斯模型,将图像反演等效为该模型超参数估计,并采用期望最大化算法估计该模型超参数.仿真和实验结果表明:与现有的综合孔径辐射计确定性反演方法相比,本文提出的反演方法不仅能有效提高反演图像的准确度,而且对综合孔径辐射计的各种误差鲁棒性更强.     

基于稀疏综合孔径天线的艇载成像雷达研究

 基于稀疏综合孔径天线概念,研究了平流层飞艇载对地观测成像雷达系统中的重要问题.提出了稀疏阵时分多相位中心孔径综合方法,该方法使得综合后的相位中心在数量上和分布情况上与满阵天线相同,从而避免了稀疏阵旁瓣较高的问题;利用模拟退火算法对阵列进行了优化,以使实际使用的阵元最少;为提高系统作用距离,采用多频正交信号形成多发多收的工作模式,通过频率拼接提高距离分辨率;由于综合孔径天线阵列长度远小于场景宽度,系统采用了子孔径成像方法,并将曲线拟合和自聚焦处理相结合,解决了存在阵列形变误差时的精确成像问题.仿真结果表明了本文方法的有效性.     

综合孔径微波辐射计成像观测能力

对综合孔径微波辐射计成像观测原理进行了阐述,分析了综合孔径微波辐射计的灵敏度、积分时间、天线波束宽度、目标亮温、背景噪声温度、系统工作频率和目标等效截面等因素与系统作用距离的关系,对系统的目标观测能力进行仿真验证,探讨了阵列通道不一致等误差的补偿方法。研究成果将有助于综合孔径微波辐射计的实用化推进。     

稀疏阵时分多相位中心孔径综合及其应用

为了降低机载三维成像雷达系统的复杂度,该文研究了基于稀疏阵三维成像雷达系统中的重要问题。提出了稀疏阵时分多相位中心孔径综合方法,通过运动补偿,该方法使综合后的相位中心数量和分布情况和满阵天线的相同,从而避免了稀疏阵旁瓣较高的问题;利用模拟退火算法对阵列进行了优化,以使实际使用的阵元最少;由于交轨阵列尺寸远小于场景宽度,系统采用了子孔径三维成像算法。实例分析和仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于NUFFT 算法的综合孔径辐射计图像反演方法

圆形阵列和旋转阵列排布方式的提出是为进一步降低综合孔径辐射计成像系统的复杂度和成本,然 而其缺陷在于过于复杂的亮温图像反演过程,因为该阵列排布方式下的采样样本不是均匀分布于整个采样平面,常 规的标准傅里叶变换不能直接运用于此反演过程。提出了一种非标准快速傅里叶变换(NUFFT)算法,用于非均匀 采样样本的综合孔径辐射计图像反演计算,该算法结合了高斯栅格算法和对过采样样本的快速傅里叶变换算法,仿 真结果表明该算法能够准确地得到反演图像。     

机载交轨稀疏阵列天线雷达的下视三维成像处理

该文研究了机载交轨稀疏阵列天线雷达的下视3维成像处理问题。将稀疏阵列天线布设在载机交轨向,采用频分正交信号实现多发多收以提高发射功率,利用多相位中心孔径综合原理将稀疏阵换成满阵,采用与空间位置相关的匹配滤波器使不同子带信号孔径综合后相位中心的空间位置相同,进一步将子带信号合成宽带信号以提高距离分辨率实现下视3维成像。为了扩大观测幅宽,提出将ScanSAR模式与SweepSAR模式相结合的扫描方式,以降低雷达系统的脉冲重复频率。分析了机载交轨稀疏阵列天线雷达的系统参数,通过仿真验证了该文方法的有效性。     

综合孔径辐射计反演成像算法研究

高效的反演成像算法是综合孔径辐射计成像的关键技术之一。提出一种基于视场细分的改进反演成像算法,将视场细分成多个矩形子区域,利用反演亮温与可视度函数的傅里叶变换关系,得到每个子视场的反演亮温。通过理论证明和仿真计算表明:该算法可使系统中未消除的误差分量对亮温反演的影响最小,与常用的BG算法对比分析:表明了新算法的正确性和有效性,且计算速度快。     

稀疏阵列微波暗室成像实验研究

为了在实际条件下验证稀疏阵列孔径综合方法可以避免稀疏阵旁瓣较高的问题,以及基于压缩感知理论的成像算法可以对具有稀疏特性的目标进行重建,开展了微波暗室实验。针对实验中的阵列误差,给出了具体的校正方法。通过实验数据处理证明了阵列误差校正方法、稀疏阵列孔径综合方法以及基于压缩感知理论成像算法的正确性和有效性。     

综合孔径辐射计空中隐身目标探测性能分析

微波辐射信号是"似噪"的随机信号,综合孔径辐射计反演图像具有随机特性。建立了综合孔径辐射计反演图像的统计分布模型,提出了基于综合孔径辐射计反演图像的目标检测概率计算方法,给出了综合孔径辐射计的最大探测距离方程。并以100单元T型天线阵列为例,分析了综合孔径辐射计用于空中隐身目标探测的性能,通过仿真进行了实验验证。论文研究结果将为综合孔径辐射计技术在隐身目标探测中的应用提供理论依据。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.