基于信息一致性的自主车辆变车距队列控制}%页眉设置

针对目前自主车辆队列控制中采用的间距策略存在间距调节灵活性不足、道路利用率欠佳等问题,提出一种基于信息一致性的自主车辆变车距队列控制方法.首先,结合车速与车辆制动时间的动态关系,设计一种变时间间隔策略.在此基础上,基于信息一致性理论,提出一种车间距可随车速自适应变化的自主车辆队列控制算法.仿真结果表明,所提算法不仅可以实现自主车辆的变车距队列控制,且车间距离的调节具有较好的灵活性,尤其在低速行驶时,可有效减少道路占用量,提高道路利用率.     

基于深度强化学习的网联车辆队列纵向控制

针对车辆队列中多目标控制优化问题,研究基于强化学习的车辆队列控制方法.控制器输入为队列各车辆状态信息以及车辆间状态误差,输出为基于车辆纵向动力学的期望加速度,实现在V2X通信下的队列单车稳定行驶和队列稳定行驶.根据队列行驶场景以及采用的间距策略、通信拓扑结构等特性,建立队列马尔科夫决策过程(Markov decision process,MDP)模型.同时根据队列多输入-多输出高维样本特性,引入优先经验回放策略,提高算法收敛效率.为贴近实际车辆队列行驶工况,仿真基于PreScan构建多自由度燃油车动力学模型,联合Matlab/ Simulink搭建仿真环境,同时引入噪声对队列控制器中动作网络和评价网络进行训练.仿真结果表明基于强化学习的车辆队列控制燃油消耗更低,且控制器实时性更高,对车辆的控制更为平滑.     

马尔科夫链通信拓扑下的车辆队列最优能耗控制

针对马尔科夫链通信拓扑下的车辆队列控制问题,综合考虑车辆队列的非线性动力学模型和行驶能耗优化目标,提出一种基于分布式状态观测器的车辆队列能耗优化控制方法.由于在马尔科夫链通信拓扑下,部分车辆获取的邻居车辆信息具有动态切换特性,严重影响了车辆队列控制算法的有效性和稳定性.鉴于此,首先,设计一种用于估计领航车辆状态信息的状态观测器,有效避免通讯拓扑切换对队列控制系统造成的干扰;然后,结合车辆的非线性动力学模型与队列优化目标,构建一种基于指数折扣函数的车辆队列能耗优化框架,将车辆队列的能耗优化问题转化为Riccati方程的求解问题,进而得到车辆队列的最优能耗控制输入,在此基础上,通过构造动态通信拓扑下的李雅普诺夫函数,分析车辆队列控制系统的稳定性条件,即只要每个可能的通信拓扑均需包含一个以领航车辆为根的有向生成树,就可使得该车辆队列控制系统满足稳定性和队列稳定性;最后,通过数值仿真验证所提出控制算法的可行性和有效性.     

考虑行车能见度状况的车辆队列协作控制

本文考虑了能见度状况影响下的车辆队列协作控制问题.针对车辆行驶中可能出现的3种(正常、低以及超低)能见度状况,分析了其对距离传感器测量输出的影响,并建立了具有切换结构的车辆控制模型.基于平均驻留时间技术以及分段Lyapunov函数方法,在不同能见度状况下,得到了能够保证车辆列队跟踪误差稳定的车辆控制器存在条件以及控制器增益求解方法.通过对车辆控制器增加限制条件,得到了能够保证队列稳定性要求以及实现零稳态距离跟踪误差的车辆协作控制算法.通过MATLAB仿真实验以及Ardunio智能小车实验,验证了本文所提出的算法的有效性以及实用性.     

有界扰动下异质车辆队列分布式鲁棒经济预测控制

针对有界扰动下异质车辆队列节能与稳定分布式协同控制问题,提出一种新的分布式鲁棒经济模型预测控制(economic model predictive control, EMPC)策略.首先采用不确定误差模型描述有界扰动下异质车辆队列纵向行驶动态特性,再应用tube思想对系统约束进行紧缩设计,补偿有界扰动对系统造成的不确定性.其次,采用局部车辆行驶能耗模型描述车辆队列分布式经济性能优化的有限时域最优控制问题,并利用传统跟踪性能指标设计附加稳定收缩约束函数.进一步,基于系统收缩原理,建立车辆队列闭环系统关于有界扰动的输入-状态稳定性条件.最后,通过与车辆队列传统分布式鲁棒模型预测控制策略的数值仿真对比结果验证了所提出策略的有效性和优越性.     

通信延时环境下基于观测器的智能网联车辆队列分层协同纵向控制

考虑通信延时影响的车辆队列控制问题,提出一种基于观测器的分布式车辆队列纵向控制器.首先,基于分层控制策略分别设计上下层控制器,通过上层控制器优化期望加速度、下层控制器克服车辆模型非线性实现期望加速度和实际加速度的一致.上层控制器设计过程中,基于三阶线性化车辆模型,考虑观测器、车辆动态耦合特性和通信延时,提出一种通信延时环境下基于观测器的车辆队列控制器,利用观测器估计领导车辆加速度信息从而减轻通信负担.然后,利用Lyapunov-Krasovskii方法分析车辆队列的稳定性,并得出通信延时上界,同时利用传递函数方法分析了串稳定性.最后,通过数值仿真验证上层控制器的有效性和稳定性.在此基础上,利用PreScan软件中高保真车辆动态模型,验证了该分层控制策略的有效性.     

智能车辆队列横纵向有限时间滑模控制

针对智能车辆队列横纵向控制及误差快速收敛问题,本文提出一种分布式横纵向有限时间滑模控制策略.首先,考虑跟踪误差的连锁反应及横纵向耦合效应,利用投影变换建立车辆队列横纵向误差模型,提出一种车辆队列横纵向控制框架.而后,针对误差快速收敛问题,设计非奇异积分终端滑模面(NITSM)与自适应幂次积分趋近律(APIRL),通过构造Lyapunov函数分析系统的有限时间稳定性与队列稳定性.最后,基于Trucksim/Simulink联合仿真以及实车实验进一步验证了本文方法的有效性.结果表明,本文所提方法能保证队列稳定性,并实现误差快速收敛,规避跟踪误差的连锁反应及车辆横向运动对纵向车间距误差的影响.     

含时延的车辆队列事件触发一致性控制研究

为应对通信过程中的传输时延以及车辆间连续信息交互带来的信息冗余、资源浪费,提出一种基于事件触发机制的车辆队列一致性策略,以保证车辆队列能够稳定运行;为此,构建一个考虑车辆间的跟驰行为和通信时延的三阶异质车辆队列动力学模型,提出一种基于事件触发的一致性车辆队列控制器的设计方法;在此基础上,利用Lyapunov稳定性理论和代数图论,对车辆队列的稳定性进行分析,得出了使车辆队列稳定的事件触发条件和通信时延的上界;在MATLAB平台上进行仿真实验,验证了所提车辆队列控制方法的有效性。     

基于队列行驶的混合动力汽车节能预测控制方法研究

针对传统混合动力汽车控制方法不考虑队列行驶对车辆能量管理影响的问题,本文提出了基于队列行驶的混合动力汽车节能预测控制智能优化策略。通过建立混合动力汽车系统的降阶模型,并采用连续广义最小残量方法求解模型预测控制问题。运用计算机进行仿真,仿真结果验证了系统模型的有效性,以及所设计的模型预测控制算法大幅度提高混合动力汽车的燃油经济性的能力和实时控制性能。     

约束非线性车辆队列分布式多目标模型预测控制

针对具有状态和控制约束的非线性车辆队列系统多目标控制问题,提出一种分布式多目标模型预测控制(model predictive control, MPC)策略.首先,基于前车-后车单向通信拓扑,建立网联车辆队列非线性纵向巡航模型,应用字典序算法描述分布式多目标MPC问题;然后,通过设计弦稳定与收缩约束,并结合MPC三要素条件,保证车辆队列在经济性能与协同性能最优条件下的稳定性和弦稳定性结果;最后,通过典型工况的仿真结果验证所提出策略的有效性.     

Resilient and Safe Platooning Control of Connected Automated Vehicles Against Intermittent Denial-of-Service Attacks

Connected automated vehicles (CAVs) serve as a promising enabler for future intelligent transportation systems because of their capabilities in improving traffic efficiency and driving safety, and reducing fuel consumption and vehicle emissions. A fundamental issue in CAVs is platooning control that empowers a convoy of CAVs to be cooperatively maneuvered with desired longitudinal spacings and identical velocities on roads. This paper addresses the issue of resilient and safe platooning control of CAVs subject to intermittent denial-of-service (DoS) attacks that disrupt vehicle-to-vehicle communications. First, a heterogeneous and uncertain vehicle longitudinal dynamic model is presented to accommodate a variety of uncertainties, including diverse vehicle masses and engine inertial delays, unknown and nonlinear resistance forces, and a dynamic platoon leader. Then, a resilient and safe distributed longitudinal platooning control law is constructed with an aim to preserve simultaneous individual vehicle stability, attack resilience, platoon safety and scalability. Furthermore, a numerically efficient offline design algorithm for determining the desired platoon control law is developed, under which the platoon resilience against DoS attacks can be maximized but the anticipated stability, safety and scalability requirements remain preserved. Finally, extensive numerical experiments are provided to substantiate the efficacy of the proposed platooning method.      

车队速度滚动时域动态规划及非线性控制

考虑自主车辆队列的节能安全问题，本文提出一种车辆队列协同控制方法，该方法可保证车队低能耗安全行驶.首先，充分考虑道路坡度以及车队异质性建立车队非线性模型，利用基于油耗模型的优化指标构建车队速度优化问题，提出一种滚动时域动态规划算法（Receding horizon dynamic programming，RHDP），获得车队的参考速度.然后，基于非线性车辆模型，运用反步法设计车辆跟踪控制器，并进行车队队列稳定性分析.这种协同控制方法的有效性已通过数值仿真和智能交通实验平台的验证.     

网络攻击影响下的自主车队控制器设计

随着车辆控制技术的迅速发展,在车队控制系统的实际应用当中,车-车之间的网络通信质量对车队稳定行驶至关重要.针对网络攻击下的非线性自主车队控制NAPC问题进行了研究.首先,建立考虑通信网络受到攻击下的NAPC系统模型.其次,在该模型的基础上利用多智能体一致性理论设计一种基于事件驱动的NAPC方法,保证了自主车队的全局一致...     

Design and evaluation of a model predictive vehicle control algorithm for automated driving using a vehicle traffic simulator

This paper describes the design and evaluation of a model predictive control algorithm for automated driving on a motorway using a vehicle traffic simulator. For the development of a highly automated driving control algorithm, motion planning is necessary to satisfy driving condition in various road traffic situations. There are two key issues in motion planning of automated driving vehicles. One of the key issues is how to handle potentially dangerous situations that could occur in order to guarantee the safety of vehicles. The second key issue is how to guarantee the disturbance rejection of the controller under model uncertainties and external disturbances. To improve safety with respect to the future behaviors of subject vehicles, not the current states but rather the predicted behaviors of surrounding vehicles should be considered. The desired driving mode and a safe driving envelope are determined based on the probabilistic prediction of surrounding vehicles behaviors over a finite prediction horizon. To obtain the desired steering angle and longitudinal acceleration for maintaining the subject vehicle in the safe driving envelope during a finite prediction horizon, a motion planning controller is designed based on an model predictive control (MPC) approach. The developed control algorithm has been successfully implemented on a vehicle electronic control unit (ECU). The proposed control algorithm has been evaluated on a real-time vehicle traffic simulator. The throttle, brake, and steering control inputs and the controlled vehicle behavior have been compared to those of manual driving.     

Wheeled Mobile Robots Control in a Linear Platoon

Future transportation systems will require a number of drastic measures, mostly to lower traffic jams and air pollution in urban areas. Automatically guided vehicles capable of driving in a platoon fashion will represent an important feature of such systems. Platooning of a group of automated wheeled mobile robots relying on relative sensor information only is addressed in this paper. Each vehicle in the platoon must precisely follow the path of the vehicle in front of it and maintain the desired safety distance to that same vehicle. Vehicles have only distance and azimuth information to the preceding vehicle where no inter-vehicle communication is available. Following vehicles determine their reference positions and orientations based on estimated paths of the vehicles in front of them. Vehicles in the platoon are then controlled to follow the estimated trajectories. Then presented platooning control strategies are experimentally validated by experiments on a group of small-sized mobile robots and on a Pioneer 3AT mobile robot. The results and robustness analysis show the proposed platooning approach applicability.     

A centralized control system for ecological vehicle platooning using linear quadratic regulator theory

This paper presents an ecological vehicle platooning control system that aims in reducing overall fuel consumption of the vehicles in a platoon. A centralized linear quadratic regulator system for controlling the vehicles in the platoon has been developed considering the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle and the resistance due to the road slope. The proposed control system is simulated on a highway with up?Cdown slopes for high speed driving. Its fuel saving performance is compared with a conventional decentralized vehicle platooning control system. Computer simulation results reveal the significant improvement in fuel economy by the proposed control system.