放电等离子烧结制备Nb-Si-Ti-Al-Hf-Cr合金的显微组织及力学性能

以预合金化的粉末尺寸D50为3.3μm的NbSS固溶体相细粉末,粉末尺寸D50分别为22.1μm和23.5μm的Nb5Si3和Cr2Nb化合物粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备NbSS/Nb5Si3两相合金和NbSS/Nb5Si3/Cr2Nb三相合金,研究显微组织形貌、室温和高温力学性能及高温氧化性能。结果表明:两相合金的显微组织由NbSS基体和呈均匀岛状分布的Nb5Si3组成,三相合金中NbSS有相互连接成基体的趋势,而Nb5Si3和Cr2Nb相也以块状散布在NbSS中。NbSS/Nb5Si3两相合金和NbSS/Nb5Si3/Cr2Nb三相合金的室温断裂韧性值KQ分别达到15.1MPa·m1/2和11.3MPa·m1/2,室温下合金中NbSS相以韧窝型断裂为主,对Nb-Si基合金的室温断裂韧性有利,而Nb5Si3和Cr2Nb相为脆性断裂。1250℃时NbSS/Nb5Si3/Cr2Nb合金的压缩强度高于NbSS/Nb5Si3合金,但当温度上升到1350℃时两者强度出现反转。Cr2Nb相对合金高温抗氧化性能有利,1250℃下静态氧化100h时NbSS/Nb5Si3合金的氧化增重为233mg/cm2,大于NbSS/Nb5Si3/Cr2Nb合金的175mg/cm2。     

电磁场对A1-18%Si过共晶合金初晶Si相形貌的影响

研究了交流电场、直流磁场和二者复合产生的电磁振荡对A1-18%(质量分数)Si过共晶初晶Si相形貌的影响。结果表明:交流电场、直流磁场和电磁振荡都使合金初晶Si相的大小经历了一次细化过程,交流电场使Si原子有序偏聚团的尺寸和数目发生改变,增大形核率,细化初晶Si相;直流磁场通过电磁制动效应抑制了初晶Si相的形核与长大;电磁振荡细化作用是通过减弱合金的成分过冷和温度梯度从而增大过冷度实现的。三者相比,在电磁振荡的作用下初晶Si相更为细小。     

La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.65Co0.75-xMn0.1Six储氢电极合金的结构和电化学性能

系统研究了Si部分替代Co对La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.65Co0.75Mn0.1储氢电极合金结构和电化学性能的影响。XRD结果显示,随着Si替代量的增加,合金中(La,Mg)Ni3相的丰度逐渐降低,而LaNi5相的丰度逐渐增加,且含Si合金中出现了La2Ni7相。电化学测试表明,Si部分替代Co降低了合金的放电容量,但显著提高了其循环稳定性,改善了其高倍率放电性能。其中Si替代量x=0.15时合金的综合性能较好,合金最大放电容量323mAh/g,75次循环后的容量保持率约为71.9%,1250mA/g电流放电时的HRD可达55%。     

添加Sn对不同Mg/Si比Al-Mg-Si合金时效硬化和析出行为的影响

采用硬度测试和透射电镜研究Sn对不同Mg/Si比Al-Mg-Si合金时效硬化与析出行为的影响。结果表明：添加Sn虽然增加了低Mg/Si比合金峰值时效的析出相密度，但也降低了β″相的析出速度，从而降低了低Mg/Si比合金峰时效前的硬化速度和峰时效硬度。过时效阶段，含Sn合金的高析出相密度提高了低Mg/Si比合金过时效硬度。对于高Mg/Si比合金，添加Sn不仅增加合金的析出相密度，同时也提高了β″相的析出速度，从而增加了合金的硬化速度和峰时效硬度。     

ECAP变形对Mg2Si增强耐热镁合金组织及性能的影响

为了提高镁合金的耐热性能,在Mg-Zn合金中加入Si,形成Mg-Zn-Si镁合金.采用ECAP工艺在变形温度为573 K和挤压路径为Bc条件下对Mg-Zn-Si镁合金进行不同道次的变形.运用金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对变形后的Mg-Zn-Si镁合金进行了组织表征,对变形后的合金进行了室温拉伸和高温蠕变等力学性能测试.结果表明:随着挤压道次增加,α-Mg基体、Mg Zn相及Mg2Si相均得到细化且分布趋于均匀.1道次挤压后部分基体α-Mg细化,4道次挤压后α-Mg的尺寸减小为5~10μm,且晶粒大小趋于均匀;2道次挤压后Mg2Si相枝晶在原位置破碎为颗粒状,6、8道次挤压后Mg_2Si相呈弥散分布.4道次挤压后合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度均提高120%,伸长率提高353%;8道次挤压后合金的抗拉强度和伸长率与4道次相比变化不大,但屈服强度进一步提高了19%.随着挤压道次增加,高温抗蠕变性能提高,8道次后高温稳态蠕变速率降低5倍.Mg2Si相细化机理为受剪切而机械碎断.     

Si对AM30变形镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

为了提高Mg-3Al-0.4Mn合金的常温力学性能,研究了铸态和挤压态下Si含量对AM30合金的组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,增加Si的添加量会生成粗大的汉字状的Mg2Si相,不利于提高合金的力学性能;但经过挤压后,呈汉字状Mg2Si相破碎,变成颗粒细小的Mg2Si相,晶粒细化,有利于提高合金的性能.     

添加Si对La-Mg-Ni系A2B7型电极合金循环稳定性的影响

为了改善La-Mg-Ni系A2B7型电极合金的电化学循环稳定性,在合金中添加少量Si。采用真空感应熔炼制备了La0.8Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Si x(x=0~0.2)电极合金,并将部分合金在真空条件下,温度为900、950、1000和1050℃下进行了退火处理。用XRD、SEM分析了铸态及退火态合金的微观结构,测试了铸态及快淬态合金的电化学循环稳定性。结果表明,铸态及快淬态合金均具有多相结构,包括两个主相(La,Mg)2Ni7和LaNi5及一个残余相LaNi3。添加Si使LaNi5相增加而(La,Mg)2Ni7相减少。合金的电化学循环稳定性随Si含量的增加而增加,当Si含量x从0增加到0.2时,铸态合金100次充放循环后的容量保持率(S100)从64.2%增加到73.1%,而950℃退火态合金的S100值从80.3%增加到93.7%。     

Si对AZ91D镁合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

利用光学金相显微镜OM和XRD分析了加入微量Si的AZ91D合金显微组织和相组成,测试了合金室温拉伸力学性能和硬度,利用SEM分析了合金拉伸断口形貌.结果表明,加入一定量Si后AZ91D合金组织中形成汉字状Mg2Si相,富集于固液界面前沿,阻碍α-Mg基体的自由长大,从而细化合金铸态组织;汉字状Mg2Si相的存在导致合金力学性能的降低;AZ91D合金室温拉伸断口是以解理断裂为主的脆性断裂,加入Si后,断裂常发生于α-Mg基体和汉字状Mg2Si相间的界面处.     

铝硅合金超塑性研究

本文对 Al—13Si 共晶合金在超塑性变形时产生早期断裂的原因进行了研究。对影响Al—Si 共晶合金断裂的因素——第二相 Si 粒子形状、Si 粒子长大以及 Si 相与α相高温硬度差进行了详细分析。文章揭示出 Al—13Si 共晶合金的超塑性拉伸断裂是外部无颈缩的空洞型断裂。Si 粒子周围产生空洞是由于晶内位错堆积在 Si 粒子周围,造成应力集中,以及 Si 相与α相高温硬度相差悬殊,不能协调变形引起的。第二相 Si 粒子为带有尖角的短棒状,使得空洞沿尖角指向不均匀扩展,导致该合金发生早期断裂。     

Fe和Si杂质对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金淬火敏感性的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等方法,研究了Fe和Si杂质对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金淬火敏感性的影响。结果表明:杂质含量的增加降低了合金的淬火敏感性,用硬度表征时最大降低3.29%。随杂质Fe和Si含量的增加,Al7Cu2Fe相和Mg2Si相含量明显增加,消耗了基体中的Cu和Mg原子,合金的过饱和度降低,从而引起合金淬火敏感性的降低;同时粗大的Al7Cu2Fe相和Mg2Si相有利于再结晶核心的形成,增加了合金的再结晶晶粒和(亚)晶界数目,促进慢速淬火过程中η平衡相的析出。过饱和度对合金淬火敏感性的影响大于晶粒结构对合金淬火敏感性的影响。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.