机载布撒器变结构制导律的设计

机载布撒器采用了捷联惯导 GPS卫星修正的组合导航系统。该组合导航系统能实时地提供位置，速度信息。根据组合导航提供的信息可以计算出弹目之间的视线角和视线角速度。采用基于视线角和视线角速度的变结构制导律，能够使得布撒器以合适的俯仰角和弹道倾角到达目标上方的抛撒点，并进行抛撒子弹药。利用布撒器的气动参数，对此制导律进行了各种条件下的全弹道数学仿真，仿真结果表明，布撒器采用该制导律后能以合适的俯仰角和弹道倾角到达抛撒点，并且具有较强的抗干扰能力。     

有末端姿态角约束的机载布撒器导引律设计

根据布撒器的作战要求，推导了一种闭环形式的具有末端角度约束的导引规律．并分析了工程实用性。该导引律保证了布撒器在飞抵目标点上方抛撒点时具有合适的末端姿态角。在不同飞行条件下的全弹道仿真结果表明。该导引律均能同时满足布撒器在抛撒点精度和期望姿态角要求。     

INS/GNSS组合导航的航空布撒器制导控制系统分析与设计

利用惯导系统和GPS各自的特点．分析设计了INS／GNSS组合导航的航空布撒器制导控制系统．并对惯导系统的误差方程进行了分析，研究结果表明．它可有效地提高系统导航参数的估计精度和速度，满足航空布撒器远距离飞行时的制导精度要求。     

有向拓扑条件下有限时间收敛协同制导律设计

针对多导弹打击地面固定目标问题,基于图论知识和滑模控制理论,提出了一种有向拓扑条件下有限时间收敛的三维协同制导律。制导律可使各导弹的打击时间趋于一致,同时满足导弹终端高低视线角和方位视线角约束。建立了弹目三维相对运动模型,并对时间协同制导问题和角度协同制导问题进行了描述。通过对协同制导问题的分析,将制导问题分为视线方向和视线法向两个通道分别进行考虑。在视线方向上,选取相邻导弹间的距离误差和接近速度误差为状态变量,设计时间协同制导律,并证明了制导律在具有有向生成树的有向拓扑条件下,可使各导弹打击时间在有限时间内趋于一致;在视线法向上,考虑高低视线角和方位视线角之间的耦合关系,设计三维角度约束制导律,通过理论证明了制导律的有限时间收敛性。设置了典型仿真条件进行了仿真,仿真结果显示制导律具有较高的制导精度,可在有限时间内满足时间协同和角度协同要求,验证了制导律的可行性。     

基于扩张状态观测器的攻击角度约束制导律

为满足现代战场对拦截弹特定攻击角度约束的要求,设计了一种自适应滑模制导律。以弹目视线角与视线角速率为状态变量,在二维平面建立了制导模型;采用一种自适应滑模趋近律,设计了具有攻击角约束的制导律;采用扩张状态观测器,对目标机动进行估计补偿,并用于所设计的制导律。进行了仿真分析,结果表明,所设计的制导律能够引导拦截弹以期望的角度命中目标,对于目标的机动具有一定的鲁棒性,能有效实现对目标实行特定角度攻击并基本满足零脱靶量的要求。     

考虑导弹速度变化的攻击时间和攻击角度控制滑模制导律

为了解决导弹速度变化时对攻击时间和攻击角度的控制问题,提出了一种基于成型理论和非奇异终端滑模理论的攻击时间和攻击角度控制制导律,并证明了该制导律的Lyapunov稳定性。以弹目相对运动关系为基础,将导弹速度变化的制导律问题转化为导弹速度恒定的制导律问题。利用成型理论构造视线角多项式,通过数值方法计算其系数,得到了满足攻击时间和攻击角度约束的理想视线角表达式。基于非奇异终端滑模理论设计了导弹法向加速度,使导弹实际视线角按照理想视线角变化,实现了攻击时间和攻击角度控制。不同条件下的数值仿真结果验证了所设计制导律的有效性。     

带末端角度约束的多导弹协同制导律设计

为了实现饱和攻击与饱和防御,提出了一种针对机动目标的多导弹协同制导律。建立了视线坐标系下的弹目相对运动数学模型,设计了三阶扩张状态观测器,对目标机动加速度项和运动方程中的耦合项进行观测与跟踪。在导弹飞行前段,基于滑模变结构理论设计了攻击时间可控的多导弹时间协同制导律; 在导弹攻击末段,基于有限时间控制理论设计了满足终端角度约束的制导律,给出了导引律切换条件。仿真结果表明:该复合导引律能够使多枚导弹在满足攻击末端角度约束的条件下实现攻击时间协同; 该制导律采用完备的空空导弹轨迹控制系统进行仿真,能够满足实际工程应用的要求。     

基于ESO的拦截机动目标带攻击角度约束制导律

为满足攻击角度约束的要求,设计了一种考虑导弹自动驾驶仪二阶动态特性的制导律。建立了考虑驾驶仪二阶动态特性的带攻击角度约束项的制导系统模型,采用二阶滑模超螺旋算法对扩张状态观测器进行改进,提出了一种超螺旋扩张状态观测器,对未知目标加速度进行估计,选取一种带攻击角度约束的非奇异快速终端滑模面,结合动态面控制,提出了一种新型制导律。该制导律能使系统状态全局有限时间收敛,补偿驾驶仪动态特性。对比仿真结果表明,所提观测器估计精度高,所提制导律能够实现视线角速率和攻击角度有限时间收敛,且具有更好的制导性能。     

一种实现垂直攻击的导弹末制导律研究

为了使导弹的战斗部能够发挥最大的效能或使导弹能够实现对特殊目标的打击，研究了一种纵向制导律．此制导律能够对落角进行约束，从而使导弹实现对目标的垂直攻击．对传统比例制导律进行了改进，在充分发挥导弹机动能力的条件下，设计了一种既能够击中目标，又能够满足对落角要求的轨迹预测比例制导律，最后通过仿真，验证了此制导律在对目标实现垂直攻击中的可行性．     

带进入角约束的组合导引律研究

针对机载布撒器存在发射扇面角和进入角约束的问题,利用圆弧弹道的光滑特性,将追踪法和CNG导引律组合进行设计,在发射扇面角满足适当条件下,提出一种最大需用过载可控,并且几乎不随发射和进入条件而改变的组合导引律。仿真结果表明,该组合导引律能够有效地降低布撒器飞行弹道的最大需用过载,增强布撒器对各种发射条件和进入条件的适应能力。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.