葡萄多酚的保健作用及其在酿酒葡萄成熟度判定中的应用

葡萄酒含有极其复杂的物质,其中葡萄多酚对葡萄酒品质具有决定性的作用。本文综述了当前葡萄多酚的研究成果以及在酿酒葡萄成熟度判定中的应用。通过实验证明,酿酒葡萄中葡萄多酚含量的测定值可以用于判断葡萄成熟度,对酿酒葡萄的适时采收具有普遍的指导意义。     

酿酒葡萄成熟度的研究

含糖量、糖／酸是酿酒葡萄成熟度的指标，决定着酒的质量。适期采收能达到葡萄酒质与量的统一。文中还对不同地区葡萄的成熟度进行了比较。     

河西走廊祁连葡萄庄园酿酒葡萄成熟度的确定

葡萄原料成熟度的确定,对葡萄的采收和酿造最佳品质的葡萄酒具有重要意义。本文主要研究了河西走廊祁连葡萄庄园酿酒红葡萄西拉,美乐在成熟过程中总糖、总酸、pH值、果皮单宁、色素的变化。结果表明,西拉、美乐葡萄在进入成熟过程中总糖、果皮单宁、色素含量变化呈现“S”型曲线,总酸随糖度积累持续下降,pH值持续上升,总糖、果皮单宁、色素含量达到顶值,葡萄成熟度最好,即可确定采收期。     

通过品尝评价酿酒葡萄的成熟度

目前,由于多种原因,酿酒葡萄有早采的趋向,而事实上,在葡萄成熟季节适时采收,无论对于葡萄的颜色、香气、含糖量和含酸量都有好处,从而提高葡萄酒的质量.但是,对于秋季多雨的地区,延迟采收会导致葡萄的霉烂.     

河西走廊祁连葡萄庄园酿酒葡萄成熟度的确定

葡萄原料成熟度的确定,对葡萄的采收和酿造最佳品质的葡萄酒具有重要意义.本文主要研究了河西走廊祁连葡萄庄园酿酒红葡萄西拉,美乐在成熟过程中总糖、总酸、pH值、果皮单宁、色素的变化.结果表明,西拉、美乐葡萄在进入成熟过程中总糖、果皮单宁、色素含量变化呈现"S"型曲线,总酸随糖度积累持续下降,pH值持续上升,总糖、果皮单宁、色素含量达到顶值,葡萄成熟度最好,即可确定采收期.     

石河子地区酿酒葡萄成熟度与葡萄酒质量的研究

研究结果表明,石河子地区梅鹿辄、霞多丽葡萄含糖量的变化符合"S"型曲线,而它们的含酸量从8月1日起处于下降趋势.在石河子的生态条件下,梅鹿辄葡萄糖酸比在30-40之间,霞多丽的糖酸此在28～37之间,所酿的葡萄酒质量最好.本文还探讨了确定葡萄成熟度其它的方法,如糖×pH值、糖×(pH值)2.     

评价酿酒葡萄成熟度的新方法--酚类物质成熟度

葡萄酒是葡萄的酵母发酵产物,高档葡萄酒的酿造离不开优质的葡萄原料,"七分原料、三分酿造"这句业内行话形象地概括出葡萄原料品质的重要性.葡萄品质主要受葡萄品种、地域特征、气候条件、栽培条件、成熟度等因素的影响.在其他条件已定的情况下,葡萄的适时采收将直接影响葡萄的品质.目前广泛采用的成熟度评判方法有布氏系数、糖/酸比系数等,但实践中常常会发现糖酸比系数已达到采收要求,但葡萄的色度较差、单宁含量较低的现象.如果能够在测定葡萄含糖量、总酸的基础上,测定酚类物质成熟度,则可以对葡萄的成熟度作出更加准确的评价.     

基于文献计量学可视化分析酿酒葡萄成熟度研究现状

采用文献计量法对Web of Science(WOS)核心合集和中国知网(CNKI)中1990-2022年数据库有关酿酒葡萄成熟度文献进行可视化分析.结果表明,研究酿酒葡萄成熟度领域的国家主要为西班牙125次、意大利97次、美国93次,国际上University of Adelaide、French National Agriculture Research In-stitute、University of California是目前领域中最为重要和关键的机构,各机构合作关系较为紧密.国内西北农林科技大学和宁夏大学保持较高发文量,但合作较少,应多加强合作.研究热点主要集中在\"酿酒葡萄\"果实品质\"成熟度\"采收期\"气候\"温度\"颜色\"等关键词,报道了光照、温度、水肥、气候、采收期等对酿酒葡萄及葡萄酒感官品质、理化指标、酚类物质的影响.     

黄土高原地区酿酒葡萄果实多酚物质及抗氧化活性分析

以源于黄土高原地区的蛇龙珠和霞多丽葡萄果实为研究对象,通过光谱和液相色谱-质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS/MS)对其理化指标、多酚含量、抗氧化活性及非花色苷单体酚含量进行测定和分析。结果表明,红色品种蛇龙珠果实中的总酚、总类黄酮、总黄烷醇和总花色苷均不同程度地高于白色品种霞多丽,尤其是总黄烷醇含量前者是后者的2.7倍;蛇龙珠果实的抗氧化能力也高于霞多丽品种,在DPPH法和CUPRAC法的测定中,蛇龙珠果实的抗氧化能力分别是霞多丽的1.8和2.7倍;在2个品种中分别检测出25和12种非花色苷酚类物质,其中包括6种黄烷醇、13种黄酮醇、5种羟基苯甲酸和1种羟基肉桂酸物质,它们的组成和含量均有所不同,尤其是儿茶素含量前者是后者的2倍。品种因素对葡萄果实中酚类物质尤其是非花色苷单体酚物质的组成和含量造成不同程度的影响。在选用多种方法对葡萄果实的抗氧化活性进行评价时,测定结果在不同方法间存在协同性与差异性。     

著名的红色酿酒葡萄品种

著名的红色酿酒葡萄品种近几年，我国白葡萄酒的生产得到了长足发展。相比之下由于缺乏优秀品种原料及其它原因，红葡萄酒生产的规模、质量水平都未能跟上形势的发展。下面就世界著名的红色葡萄品种作一些说明，供大家参考。解百衲〔Ｃａｂｅｒｎｅｔ〕：赤霞珠〔Ｃａｂｅ...     

Bitterness and astringency of grape and wine polyphenols

Extracts containing anthocyanins (ACN), and skin tannins (SKIN) and seed tannins (SEED) were prepared from Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Franc grapes grown in the Loire Valley, and characterised. Phenolic fractions from Cabernet Franc wines made from three Loire Valley locations were also isolated and characterised. Bitterness and astringency of ACN, SEED and SKIN as well as the wine extracts were evaluated by time intensity procedures in citric acid solution and in a base white wine. SEED and SKIN were equally astringent when tasted at the same concentration in spite of differences in tannin composition. The lower molecular weight (MW) of SEED was equal in astringency to larger MW SKIN which had a lower percentage of galloylation. The SEED fraction was slightly more bitter than the SKIN fraction in the citric acid solution, although no difference could be detected between samples in base white wine. Astringency of ACN alone was much lower than either SKIN or SEED. Addition of ACN to either tannin fraction produced very small sensory effects in citric acid. In wine, addition of ACN to either SEED or SKIN increased astringency significantly over either fraction alone, but had no effect on bitterness. The wine fractions differed only in astringency, which was correlated with tannin units as determined by thiolysis.     

酿酒葡萄皮渣中多酚物质提取的研究

以酿酒后分离的葡萄皮渣为原料,对其多酚类物质的提取条件进行了研究。在单因素试验的基础上,以乙醇体积分数、料液比、浸提时间、浸提温度为影响因素,以葡萄皮多酚得率为评价指标,进行4因素3水平正交试验,确定出的最佳浸提条件为浸提剂为体积分数70%的乙醇,浸提温度80 ℃,浸提时间40 min,按1∶7（g∶mL）的料液比,浸提次数为3次,在此条件下,葡萄皮渣中多酚提取量为30.03 mg/g。     

葡萄与葡萄酒中总酚测定方法的研究进展

酚类物质是葡萄酒的骨架成分,也是葡萄酒保健功能的主要作用物质,所以准确测定酚类物质总量对评判葡萄酒的保健功能和判断葡萄酒品质有重要的意义。文章综述高锰酸钾法、福林酚法、普鲁士蓝法、香草醛—盐酸(硫酸)法、高效液相色谱法、蛋白质沉淀法在酚类物质测定中的应用情况,并分析其优缺点,为筛选和优化葡萄与葡萄酒总酚测定方法的研究工作提供参考。     

葡萄酒中多酚及多酚氧化酶研究现状与展望

葡萄酒富含多种营养与保健成分,具有预防心脑血管疾病、抗氧化、抗菌、抗癌、助眠等保健功效,葡萄酒中多酚类物质因具有极强的抗氧化、抗菌与预防心脑血管疾病等生理药理活性而倍受人们推崇,但多酚氧化酶会氧化破坏葡萄酒中的多酚,不仅会使葡萄酒变色变质变味,还会使其营养和保健价值明显降低。对葡萄酒中的多酚以及多酚氧化酶进行深入研究不仅有利于优质葡萄酒的研发与生产,还将为相关食品药品与果酒科学的研究提供借鉴。该文主要对目前国内外对葡萄酒中多酚及多酚氧化酶的种类、制备方法、酶活测定方法、酶活的影响因素等内容的研究现状进行了概述,并对有待加强的研发内容及其前景进行了展望。     

不同熟性酿酒葡萄果实品质及酿酒特性研究

以陕西省杨凌地区不同熟性红色酿酒葡萄丹非德、嘉年华、梅尔诺、黑比诺及赤霞珠为试验原料,基于酿酒葡萄在杨凌地区的抗病性表现及葡萄果实中多酚物质的测定结果,结合单品种酿造酒的感官分析、酚类物质的组分及含量等指标的测定,分析不同熟性红色酿酒葡萄的果实品质与酿酒特性,以期筛选出最适于杨凌气候条件的红色酿酒葡萄。结果表明,该地区种植的早熟性酿酒葡萄病害较轻,但其糖类化合物积累量很低,不利于高品质葡萄酒的酿造;虽受本地气候因素影响,中晚熟性酿酒葡萄病情指数高于早熟品种,但其糖及多酚类物质积累状况较好,葡萄酒的感官品质也优于早熟品种。     

酿酒葡萄皮多酚纯化及抗油脂氧化研究

研究大孔树脂对酿酒葡萄皮多酚的纯化方法,以及纯化的葡萄皮多酚清除DPPH自由基、抗油脂氧化的活性,并结合温度外推法预测大豆油的货架期。结果表明:AB–8大孔树脂对葡萄皮多酚纯化效果良好,所得样品多酚含量为86.2%。葡萄皮多酚纯化样品对DPPH自由基具有较好的清除活性,其半清除率IC_(50)值为0.07 mg/m L。烘箱强化贮藏实验(60±1℃)显示葡萄皮多酚对大豆油具有一定的抗氧化作用,其效果与添加量具有一定的量效关系;柠檬酸具有很好的增效作用。0.08%葡多酚+0.05%柠檬酸可使大豆油在20℃下的预期货架寿命由1.18个月延长至7.08个月。     

Influence of the heterogeneity of grape phenolic maturity on wine composition and quality

Nowadays, consumers demand red wines with deep colour, soft tannins and fruit scents, but these wines can only be obtained from grapes with complete phenolic maturity. Diverse methods have been proposed for measuring phenolic maturity. However, all these methods only provide the average value and do not consider any possible heterogeneity. Throughout ripening, grapes were separated according to their density, which revealed the existence of a large heterogeneity. Grapes at harvest were also separated by density in three groups. The higher the density of the grapes the higher ethanol content, pH, colour intensity, total phenolic index and anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin concentrations, and the lower the titratable acidity and bitterness of the wines. When the grapes were denser the wines were also better balanced in flavour and mouthfeel sensation. These results suggest that grape heterogeneity may influence the final wine composition and quality and therefore it should be considered at harvest.     

Influence of sour rotten grapes on the chemical composition and quality of grape must and wine

This study evaluated the effect of grape sour rot on wine fermentation and characterized the chemical composition and the sensory changes in wines produced from rotten musts. Microvinifications were performed during two vintages using healthy Trincadeira and Cabernet Sauvignon red grape varieties to which were added grapes affected by sour rot. Increasing sour rot percentages, up to 50%, contributed to a clear decrease in free run must and final wine yields and induced significant changes in grape must chemical composition expressed by the increase in sugar content, total acidity, volatile acidity, anthocyanins, total phenols, and color intensity. After malolactic fermentation, wines from rotten grapes showed higher values of alcohol content, dry extract, reducing sugar content, total and volatile acidity, anthocyanins, total phenols, and color intensity. Despite the higher levels of reducing sugars, the microbial stability was similar to that of healthy wines. The sensorial evaluation, after malolactic fermentation, showed that both types of wine were not statistically different regarding color, aroma, taste, and overall quality. During 6–8 month storage, wines from rotten grapes showed a significant higher percentage of color loss, suggesting that sour rot is responsible for the decrease in color stability. Nevertheless, the results of sensorial analysis demonstrated that the fermentation of grape musts containing up to 30% sour rot yields wines with similar or even higher-quality scores than wines made with healthy grapes.