一种复合原料制备焦油型水煤浆添加剂及生产工艺

<正>本发明公开了一种复合原料制备焦油型水煤浆添加剂及生产工艺,提出了以洗油、萘油、蒽油、造纸废液等为主要原料,按不同质量比例混合,经磺化、缩合等过程合成焦油型水煤浆添加剂,合成产物加入堵孔剂碳酸盐。该添加剂不仅具有一般分散剂的特性即提高煤表面的亲水性;增强颗粒间静电斥力,从而有利于改善煤浆流动性;产生较强空间位阻效     

洗油加工和焦油萘蒸馏系统的结渣问题分析

介绍了洗油加工系统和焦油萘蒸馏系统的结渣情况,根据生产实际情况,通过对实际数据的研究分析,提出了结渣问题的解决方法,就是将萘油改送到焦油萘蒸馏装置,与焦油混合后一起蒸馏,使渣残留在重质馏分中,从而避免了渣对洗油加工系统和焦油萘蒸馏系统产生的不利影响。同时,对改变萘油处理途径的优劣进行了分析,为解决该系统的结渣问题提供了参考。     

提高酚提取率的措施

1 影响酚提取率的因素 我厂的煤焦油蒸馏为两塔工艺,在蒽、洗塔中分别切取二蒽油、一蒽油、重质洗油、酚萘洗三混馏分和轻油馏分.三混馏分和工业萘初馏塔顶采出的酚油一起在洗涤器中进行两次间歇洗涤, 所得的中性酚盐用直接蒸汽蒸吹出中性油,精制酚盐用焦炉烟道废气中的CO2分解得粗酚.几年来,我厂纯酚提取率一直低于60%.为此, 通过对粗酚生产各环节的考察和分析,认为影响酚提取率的因素有以下几方面.     

萘油馏分连续洗涤工艺的改造

山西焦化集团有限公司新建30万t/a煤焦油加工装置,生产中出现以下问题.1)萘油洗涤工序加工量与焦油蒸馏萘油产量不匹配.萘油洗涤设计加工量为4.1m3/h,焦油蒸馏满负荷运行时萘油产量为6～6.5m3/h.2)1#洗涤塔混合方式不适合萘油馏分洗涤.1#洗涤塔为对流式混合塔,萘油与稀碱分别从澄清器底部和上部入塔,2种介质通过分布器自然对流接触,反应脱酚,在实际生产中,萘油容易进入酚盐系统,堵塞酚盐管道,引起系统混乱.3)萘油馏分在系统中的停留时间太短.萘油馏分3次洗涤过程的分离器澄清时间分别为1.57h、1.46h、1.37h,远小于设计值,萘油与酚盐不能有效分离.     

新型焦油蒸馏塔

正本实用新型涉及一种焦油蒸馏过程中生产中温沥青同时得到二蒽油的新型焦油蒸馏塔,包括塔体、原料入口、塔顶酚油气相出口、酚油液相回流入口、萘油采出口、洗油采出口、一蒽油采出口、二蒽油采出口、塔板、中温沥青排出口,其特征在于,所述的焦油蒸馏塔的塔板数量为62～75块,二蒽油采出口位于塔体侧部;中温沥青排出口位于塔釜下部。所述的二蒽油采出口设置于距离蒸馏塔顶部60～71块塔板处。该装置通过     

提高洗油质量的措施

1存在问题我公司洗油的生产采用半塔式焦油加工工艺,在馏分塔侧线上采出酚、萘、洗三混馏分,然后用碱洗法对馏分进行酚洗涤,剩余的萘、洗馏分做为原料进入工业萘双塔进行蒸馏。在工业萘精馏塔顶、塔底分别得到工业萘和洗油。由于焦炭产量增加,2000年焦油加工量由5万t扩容改造为     

制备高温煤焦油沥青的影响因素

煤焦油沥青是煤焦油蒸馏提取馏分（轻油、酚油、萘油、洗油和蒽油等）后的残留物。沥青常温下为黑色固体,无固定的熔点,约占煤焦油的50%～60%,其加工利用水平和效益对煤焦油加工至关重要。     

全国各大科研院所、高等院校、科技开发公司技术转让项目

高温煤焦油洗油常温脱色除臭技术 高温煤焦油是炼焦工业的副产品,蒸馏时一般被切割为轻油、酚油、萘油、洗油、蒽油和残留沥青等几个馏分.大多将洗油和萘油混在一起,再经脱萘处理提出重要的化工原料萘.其馏程为:170℃前为轻油(主要成分为粗苯);170～210℃为酚油;210～230℃为萘油;230～300℃为洗油.脱酚后的酚油称脱酚酚油;脱萘后的洗油称低萘洗油.     

焦油蒸馏用二段蒸发器的改造

1 问题的提出 我公司的焦油蒸馏采用切取三混馏分的一塔式工艺。在二段蒸发器底部采出沥青,侧线切取二蒽油,一蒽油则在馏分塔底采出。二段蒸发器由5层弓型隔板的蒸发段和6层圆形泡     

全国各大科研院所、高等院校、科技开发公司技术转让项目

高温煤焦油洗油常温脱色除臭技术高温煤焦油是炼焦工业的副产品,蒸馏时一般被切割为轻油、酚油、萘油、洗油、蒽油和残留沥青等几个馏分。大多将洗油和萘油混在一起,再经脱萘处理提出重要的化工原料萘。其馏程为:170℃前为轻油(主要成分为粗苯);170~210℃为酚油;210~230℃为萘油;230~300℃为洗油。脱酚后的酚油称脱酚酚油;脱萘后的洗油称低萘洗油。没有深脱萘的洗油其质量符合GB3064-82国家标准,萘合量<15%,酚含量<0.5%。而低萘洗油含萘微量,一般国内现行焦化厂大多为洗油,极少数的焦化厂才有低萘洗油产品。我国煤焦油洗油资源丰富,但由于…     

Hydrogenation of brown coal: IV Model compound studies and mechanistic considerations

A series of lignin-related phenyl, benzyl and alkyl ethers have been reacted with hydrogen in the presence of iron (II) acetate and tin metal as additives. Iron reduced the rate of reaction of the phenyl ethers and increased the rate of reaction of the benzyl and alkyl ethers compared to the reactions without additive. Tin decreased the rate of reaction of the phenyl and benzyl ethers and had no effect on the reaction of the alkyl ether. Neither iron nor tin changed the products from the reactions of the ethers compared to the reactions without additive. The results are discussed in terms of the use of iron and tin compounds as additives in coal liquefaction reactions.     

Nonhydrogenative co-processing of saskatchewan heavy oil and coal

A Saskatchewan heavy oil was processed with coal additives in a tubular reactor packed with procelain berl saddles at 400–480°C and atmospheric pressure. For comparison purposes, blank experiments in the absence of coal additive were also carried out. The results indicate that considerable reduction in viscosity and increased distillate yields can be achieved by processing heavy oil with coal additive. The API gravity of the liquid product is also improved. Increased amounts of gaseous products with changed composition are obtained in the presence of coal. Under certain conditions, significant dissolution of coal occurs even at the relatively mild conditions used.     

Effects of chemicals and blending petroleum coke on the properties of low-rank Indonesian coal water mixtures

In this study, the effects of different chemical additives including dispersant and stabilizer on the solid loading, viscosity, rheological behaviour and static stability of coal water mixtures have been investigated. In the experiments, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate (NSF) was selected as dispersant and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC-Na) and nano-stabilizer were employed as stabilizers. An Indonesian low-rank coal, taken from Berau, East Kalimantan, was used for the study. To obtain high-loaded slurry, Liaohe petroleum coke was used to blend with Indonesian coal sample. The results of the experiments showed that adding chemical additives and blending Liaohe petroleum coke can effectively improve the slurryability of Indonesian low-rank coal.     

水煤浆添加剂的发展动向

介绍了日本、美国开发的一系列水煤浆添加剂的特点,并从性能上给予了评价;概述了国内水煤浆添加剂的研究现状,尤其列举了国内有关木质素类添加剂的研究成果。从煤的分散机理方面阐述了聚苯乙烯磺酸钠与亚甲基磺酸盐两类添加剂的差异在于吸附方式的不同,指出了木质素作为水煤浆添加剂的优势及其在我国利用的广阔前景。最后阐述了目前水煤浆添加剂对煤的作用机理的两种理论:双电子层与空间位阻理论;空间位阻与熵斥力作用理论。     

Reaction mechanism of coal hydrogenation. 3. Effect of coal type

Seven coals have been hydrogenated in naphthalene and phenanthrene under 10 MPa (initial pressure) of hydrogen with a stabilized niekel catalyst at 400°C for 15 min. Preasphaltene, asphaltene and oil conversions and solvent conversion were measured. The amounts of hydrogen absorbed by coal and by solvent were calculated. Coal conversion and the amount of hydrogen absorbed by coal decreased, while the amount of hydrogen absorbed by solvent increased, with increase in coal rank. The ratio of the amounts of hydrogen absorbed by coal and by solvent showed a good correlation with conversion to benzene- and n-hexanesoluble materials. Naphthalene and phenanthrene gave similar results, suggesting that the coal was hydrogenated directly by gaseous hydrogen.     

铁镍复合助剂对煤热解过程中氮迁移规律的影响

为了减少煤炭燃烧过程中NO_x的排放,在管式炉中进行了煤与金属助剂（FeCl₃、NiCl₂）的热解实验,研究了助剂负载量、热解温度、助剂添加方式对氮迁移及N₂产率的影响并且对复合助剂作用机理进行了探讨。结果表明：随着助剂负载量的增加,氮脱除率及N₂产率呈现先增加后趋于稳定的趋势,且负载量以0.8%Fe复合1.0%Ni为最佳。在700~1000℃的热解温度范围内氮脱除率及N₂产率随热解温度的增加而增加。对煤进行溶胀处理添加复合助剂后,氮脱除率及N₂产率要优于未经处理的煤样。铁基助剂与镍基助剂在催化煤热解氮迁移过程中形成互补,铁基助剂的添加增加了镍基助剂的活性,弥补了单助剂的劣势,且复合助剂相比于单助剂有更强的氮脱除效果并且N₂产率达到最高39%。铁镍复合助剂对煤中N-5转化为N₂的催化效果更加明显,因为复合助剂对吡咯的内氢转移和开环有更强的催化作用。本研究能够为煤炭洁净化利用提供理论和实验依据。     

Free radicals in coal and coal conversions. 8. Experimental determination of conversion in hydroliquefaction

The results of conversion determinations on the products from Powhatan No.5 coal liquefied in an autoclave and in a high-pressure, high-temperature e.s.r. cavity are reported. Oil, asphaltene and preasphaltene yields, and overall conversion have been determined for Powhatan No.5 coal samples liquefied in tetralin, SRC-11 heavy distillate, and naphthalene at temperatures from 400 to 480 ° C in both reactor systems. The concept of reaction severity is introduced and used to formalize the relation between the effect of temperature and reaction time on oil yield and conversion. Oil is the predominant product in liquefaction in tetralin or naphthalene, asphaltene is the major product of liquefaction in SRC-II heavy distillate. Retrogressive reaction (THF-insoluble product formation) becomes severe when SRC-II heavy distillate is the liquefaction solvent and residence time of >10 min are used at temperatures >450 °C. Preasphaltenes appear to be the only intermediate species in Powhatan No.5 liquefaction.     

造纸黑液制备水煤浆添加剂的性能研究

在对水煤浆使用优势分析的基础上,综合了目前水煤浆的使用情况,并论述了水煤浆添加剂的发展概况,以及分析了造纸黑液作为水煤浆添加剂的可能性,在实验研究的基础上,确定了影响水煤浆添加剂发挥作用的各种因素,提出了水煤浆添加剂的最佳配置和使用条件。     

The Behavior of α-Olefins Butyl Acrylate Copolymers as Viscosity Index Improvers and Pour Point Depressants for Lube Oil

A lubricant additive may be defined as a material that imparts a new and desirable property not originally present in the oil or reinforces a desirable property already possessed in some degree by the oil. These materials are normally more chemically reactive than the base oil. The additives are being used at various concentrations from a few parts per million to over 30%. A great deal of research is being done at present into the synthesis, technology, and applications of different lube oil additives. In the present work, polymeric additives were prepared by reaction of butyl acrylate with different α-olefins (octene, dodecene, tetradecene, and octadecene). The efficiency of the prepared copolymers as viscosity index improvers and pour point depressants for a base lube oil were studied. It was found that the efficiency as viscosity index improvers increases with increasing the concentration of the prepared copolymers and increasing the chain length of alkyl groups of the α-olefins, and the efficiency as pour point depressants increases with decreasing the concentration and decreasing the molecular weights of the prepared copolymers.     

Solubilization of bituminous coal in aromatic and hydroaromatic solvents

The Solubilization of a bituminous coal (Ruhr District) in aromatic and the corresponding hydroaromatic compounds was compared at temperatures from 250–450°C. The solvent pair naphthalene and tetralin exhibit marked differences in solvent power as only tetralin is a ‘true’ hydrogen donor and, thus, an excellent solvent for coal. In the series of quinolines, however, the difference in solvent efficiency became significant only at temperatures ?350°C. The high solvent power of anthracene oil is explained on the basis of transferable hydrogen and the presence of N-heterocyclic compounds. Inference is drawn as to the optimum constitution of a vehicle oil.