共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
用杨梅单宁改性皮胶原纤维膜,制备出了新型膜分离材料,并研究了这种膜材料用于油水分离的效果.扫描电镜分析表明,这种膜材料呈纤维网状结构,其通道呈"之"字型,并存在大量微细短纤维束,这使乳液易于破乳而聚集.以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为油组份,系统研究了单宁改性胶原纤维膜的油水(O/W)分离特性.结果表明:使用单层膜和多层膜对油的截留率几乎没有影响,其截留率为80%左右,但使用多层膜时膜的水通量将明显下降.油浓度升高,截留率升高,膜的水通量下降.升高pH,截留率升高,但膜的水通量下降.如果在膜的表面施加搅拌,则膜对油的截留率下降,但水通量提高.膜重复使用三次,其截留率及水通量基本不变.上述研究结果表明,单宁改性皮胶原纤维膜具有良好的油水分离性质. 相似文献
4.
连续微滤分离膜和硫酸铝混凝除氟的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
天津经济技术开发区污水处理厂二级出水的氟离子质量浓度为1.8-3mg/L,研究去除二级出水中氟离子对超标的地下水或其他高氟水的开发、利用具有重要意义,作者主要研究了硫酸铝混凝除氟工艺,并提出和探讨连续微滤膜分离技术(CMF)和铝盐混凝组合除氟的新工艺。CMF系统出水中氟离子质量浓度小于1mg/L,系统出水的SDI值小于3,悬浮物质量浓度低于5mg/L,浊度低于0.5NTU,实验结果令人满意。 相似文献
5.
用微滤处理乳化含油废水 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:14
考察了PVDF膜和复合陶瓷膜的水通量,油截留率,以及膜堵塞等。研究结果表明:微波的水通量和油截留率均很高,透过液中油含量<40-20mg/L。微波是一种很有应用前景的废水处理方法。另外,还讨论了在膜堵塞状态下,微波膜对溶于水小分子有机物的截留率。 相似文献
6.
分离因数是影响旋转流强化管式膜微滤过程的关键操作变量之一,本文首先对管式膜分离器内分离因数的分布特征进行了研究,然后,不仅从理论上研究了分离因数对过滤过程行为的影响,而且进行了探讨分离因数对过滤性能的影响的试验研究,结果表明,管式膜分离器内分离因数没轴向从顶部底部呈迅速减小的分布特征;分离因数的增大,可使过滤过程推动力提高,并使外旋流时过滤过程中固相颗粒不易向膜面迁移并沉积,但加剧了内旋流时过滤过 相似文献
7.
当前,入口流量对油水分离器分离性能的影响主要局限于稳态分析,忽视了瞬时流速的脉动变化对分离效率和压降的影响,难以确定脉动流对分离性能的影响程度。为解决这一问题,结合生产实际,开展了脉动流对分离效率和压降影响程度的数值模拟和实验研究。以周期1s、脉动峰值0.1m/s的脉动流速和分流比为输入变量,探讨脉动流对速度、压降和油相体积分数的影响,得出了确切值,并对分离效率和溢流压降进行了实验验证。结果表明:脉动流引发的脉动合速度和切向速度的波动范围均在10%以内,溢流压降平均值的波动范围在7%以下,分离效率提高0.3%左右;脉动流产生的速度和压降的增量随着入口脉动幅值的变化而变化;脉动流对分离器分离性能的影响程度较弱,油水分离器对脉动流的适应性较强;脉动条件下的油水分离是一个动态累积过程。 相似文献
8.
旋转流强化管式膜微滤过程中分离因数研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
分离因数是影响旋转流强化管式膜微滤过程的关键操作变量之一。本文首先对管式膜分离器内分离因数的分布特征进行了研究,然后,不仅从理论上研究了分离因数对过滤过程行为的影响,而且进行了探讨分离因数对过滤性能影响的试验研究。结果表明,管式膜分离器内分离因数沿轴向从顶部到底部呈迅速减小的分布特征;分离因数的增大,可使过滤过程推动力提高,并使外旋流时过滤过程中固相颗粒不易向膜面迁移并沉积,但加剧了内旋流时过滤过程中固相颗粒向膜面迁移并沉积的趋势;在悬浮液固相浓度保持一定时,过滤通量随分离因数的增大而提高 相似文献
9.
微滤,超滤过程中的膜污染与清洗 总被引:80,自引:6,他引:80
本文综述了在微滤和超滤过程中,膜污染的影响因素,防止膜污染的措施的清洗方法的选择,指出料液粒子或溶质尺寸,膜结构以及膜与溶质间的相互作用都和膜污染程度有关;通过膜孔径,膜材料,膜结构,组件结构,料液温度,流速和压力的控制可以减轻或控制污染。 相似文献
10.
11.
详述了近年来国内外膜分离技术的进展,尤其是膜分离技术的应用在节能、环保领域和石油、化工行业所取得的成效。 相似文献
12.
The cleaning effect of a high-pressure jet of water on a polymeric microfiltration membrane was investigated at different pressures, durations, and angles. The angle of 70° at a pressure of 130 bar and a cleaning duration of 10 s were found to be promising parameters. Throughput measurements show that this cleaning method can restore about 80 % of the initial throughput of the membrane. Analyses by capillary flow porometer and UV-vis spectrophotometer imply that an impact on the membrane was detectable after 1800 cleaning cycles at a pressure of 130 bar. Therefore, high-pressure jet cleaning is a promising method for mechanical cleaning of track-etched microfiltration membranes. 相似文献
13.
研究了膜分离技术处理含油废水存在因油滴变形引起的膜堵塞问题。为减少膜污染,使用在市场上销售氧化铝微滤膜孔道表面制备纳米ZrO2涂层,利用纳米涂层改变微滤膜的表面亲水憎油性,具有良好的效果。考虑其工业应用条件,重点研究了循环模式(模拟大量废水处理)和浓缩模式(模拟少量废水处理)对膜渗透通量的影响。结果表明:循环模式下料液的油浓度为恒定的,纳米涂层能有效提高微滤膜的渗透通量。膜面流速的增加在一定程度上能提高膜渗透通量,但超过一定程度后,增加不明显。当膜面流速为7m/s时,修饰陶瓷膜的最大渗透通量为280L/(m^2·h),油截留率为96.4%。在浓缩模式下,料液的油浓度随渗透液的排出呈指数性增加,随着油浓度的增加,渗透通量持续衰减,油截留率持续上升。当油浓度达到一定程度后,修饰陶瓷微滤膜不能有效地实现稳定含油废水的油水分离。 相似文献
14.
为探究气体对井下油水旋流器性能的影响规律,针对新型螺旋流道倒锥式旋流器,采用Fluent软件对气液比分别为0.01、0.03、0.05、0.08、0.10时旋流器的油相分布进行模拟分析。通过对比分析发现:不含气时旋流器的分离效率为89.31%;在结构参数和分流比不变的条件下,旋流器分离效率随气液比的增加呈降低趋势,气液比为0.10时,分离效率为36.90%;气液比越大,溢流口的油相体积分数越小,底流口的油相体积分数越大;溢流口和底流口的压力损失随气液比的增大而递减。 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
18.
《分离科学与技术》2012,47(16):2491-2511
ABSTRACT The feasibility of utilizing the phenomenon of dynamic membrane formation with crossflow microfiltration in treating domestic wastewater was investigated. The primary membrane, used throughout the investigation, was made of woven polyester. Different chemical species, such as CaCO3, FeCl3, and NaAIO2, were used in forming dynamic membranes on top of the primary membrane. Secondary effluent from a domestic activated sludge wastewater treatment plant was treated. A calcium carbonate dynamic membrane produced a stabilized permeate flux of 90 L/m2·h, with a permeate turbidity of 0.21 Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU), at optimum conditions. Ferric chloride produced optimum results when it was mixed with tap water. A permeate flux and turbidity of 70 L/m2-h and 0.16 NTU, respectively, were obtained. Sodium aluminate produced a stabilized permeate flux of 77 L/m2·h when it was mixed with tap water during the formation of the dynamic membrane. The permeate turbidity was 0.16 NTU. The fouling mechanism of the three dynamic membranes was investigated, and empirical models were produced. 相似文献
19.
Hyuk Chan Lee Jin Yong Park Do-Young Yoon 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2009,26(3):697-701
We investigated the effect of organic or inorganic materials on membrane fouling in advanced drinking water treatment by hybrid
module packed with granular activated carbon (GAC) outside a tubular ceramic microfiltration membrane. Instead of natural
organic matters (NOM) and fine inorganic particles in the natural water source, synthetic water was prepared with humic acid
and kaolin. Concentrations of kaolin or humic acid were changed to see effects of inorganic or organic matter. And periodic
water-back-flushing using permeate water was performed during 10 sec per filtration of 10 min. As a result, both the resistance
of membrane fouling (R
f
) and permeate flux (J) were influenced higher by concentration of humic acid rather than kaolin. It was proved that NOM like
humic acid could be a more important factor on membrane fouling in drinking water treatment than fine inorganic particles.
Treatment efficiencies of turbidity and UV254 absorbance were very high above 97.4% and 92.0%, respectively.
This article is dedicated to Professor Chang Kyun Choi for celebrating his retirement from the School of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Seoul National University. 相似文献
20.
Susanne Haindl Julia Stark Jannik Dippel Sebastian Handt Annette Reiche 《化学,工程师,技术》2020,92(6):746-758
A flow rate and resistance-based approach for upscaling of microfiltration processes from lab scale to process scale is presented, in correlation with biopharmaceutical processes. Basic element is the modeling of filtration curves using a resistance-in-series model based on the Darcy equation. The influences of the filtration setup and the fouling layer are described as additional resistances that change in course of filtration. The necessary parameters, such as setup resistances and filtration areas, are determined by water flow rate measurements. The model is validated by filtration of a particulate test solution. The presented approach can be used for constant flow and constant pressure driven filtration processes. 相似文献