灰化法-火焰原子吸收法测定燃料油中金属钙铁镁含量

采用定温灰化法获得燃料油灰分，用盐酸对灰分进行溶解，利用火焰原子吸收法测定燃料油中金属钙、铁和镁的含量。加标回收实验回收率98％-102％，满足日常分析要求。     

煤的灰分测定的不确定度评定

<正>采用缓慢灰化法进行煤的灰分测定。称取一定量的煤样,放入马弗炉中,以一定的速度加热到(815±10)℃,灰化并灼烧到质量恒定。以残留物的质量占煤样质量的百分数作为煤样的灰分。     

微波消解FAAS法测定污水中的重金属

采用密闭微波消解一火焰原子吸收光谱法测定污水中的重金属。通过标准样品和实际样品的分析,结果表明密闭微波消解法是一种有效的污水样品前处理方法,快速简便、高效、试剂用量少、精密度和准确度高。     

微波消解-冷原子荧光法测定大米中汞

本文研究了以微波消解,冷原子荧光法测定大米中汞的最佳测定条件,汞含量在(0～20.0)ug.L-1范围内呈线性关系,相关系数为0.99993,检出限为0.008ug.L-1,方法应用于大米中汞的测定,样品加标回收率在97.6%～107.0%之间,相对标准偏差在1.7%-5.7%之间.     

微波消解——石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定紫菜中的铅

应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定紫菜中铅含量,以HNO3-H2O2为氧化剂,微波消解处理样品,磷酸二氢铵作测铅基体改进剂,考察了基体改进剂浓度、灰化温度、原子化温度对吸光值的影响。在最优条件下,低浓度的铅与吸光值具有良好的线性关系,线性方程为：A=0．0058C＋0．0052,r=0．9994,检出限为1．0μg／L。运用该方法测定10次加标样的RSD为1．512％～2．469％,加标回收率为98．4％～101．1％。该方法简单、快速、重现性好,适合日常批量检测。     

微波消解-原子荧光法测定食品中的砷

目的:建立测定食品中砷的微波消解原子荧光法。方法:采用微波消解处理样品,原子荧光法分析测定。结果:砷标准系列浓度在(0~8.0)ng/ml范围内线性关系良好。本方法检出限为0.11 ng/ml样品中砷回收率为88.0%~93.2%,具有简便、快速、灵敏、准确的特点。结论:本方法测定结果令人满意,具有一定的实用价值。     

微波消解-原子荧光法测定螺旋藻中的硒

以微波消解对样品进行消解,以盐酸为还原剂,用氢化物原子荧光法测定螺旋藻中硒元素的含量;在最佳仪器条件下,该方法在浓度范围为。-10μg／L内,一次线性拟合回归方程为If=45．924X＋0．3045,R=0．9996,检出限是0．217μg／L,RSD为4．731％,加标回收率为98％-109．5％。     

微波消解ICP-AES法测定钼矿石中多种元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定钼矿石中钼、铜、铅、钨、钛、硫6中元素含量的分析方法。采用微波消解溶解样品,在选定的仪器工作条件下直接测定。通过试验确定了各元素的分析谱线,对试液的酸度进行了探讨。6种元素的检出限为0.042~0.612μg/ml,加标回收率为97.01%~101.59%,测定结果的相对标准偏差0.89%~3.56%(n=6).该方法灵敏度高,适用于钼矿石中多种元素的同时测定。     

微波消解ICP-MS法测定土壤中的十种金属元素

本文采用微波消解ICP-MS法测定土壤中的十种金属元素。用HNO3-HF-H2O2消解土壤样品,选用30.0ug/L的Rh和Re的混合元素作为内标,用测标准土壤样品的方式来验证方法的准确度,元素的检出限在0.001 mg/kg-0.16 mg/kg,方法的精密度≤6.5%,方法重复性与准确性良好。此方法快速、高效,分析过程简单,适用于土壤样品的快速分析。     

微波消解磷钼蓝光度法测定燃料油中的磷

研究了微波消解燃料油样品的体系和程序,建立了燃料油中磷含量的测定新方法-磷钼蓝光度法。结果表明,在最佳实验条件下,磷的线性范围为0～1．0μg／mL,RSD为2．06～2．47％,回收率为99．13％～104．10％。方法具有高准确度和低检出限,适用于燃料油中磷的测定。     

Sintering of MSWI fly ash by microwave energy

This study presents the sintering of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash assisted by microwave energy. The composition of fly ash was investigated by chemical sequential extraction and modified microwave digestion method. Effects of process time, container materials, aging time and salt contents were also discussed. The major elements of fly ash are Ca, Cl, Na, Si, K, Al, Mg, and Zn, and the metal species, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ca, and Cu, are mainly in the oxide phase. Under microwave processing, the fly ash was sintered into a glass-ceramics and the leaching concentrations of heavy metals were restrained. The stabilization efficiency increased with an increase in processing time in most of the cases. Better stabilization efficiency of fly ash was discovered by using the SiO(2) or Al(2)O(3) container than by using the graphite plate/SiC plate. The presence of salt in the fly ash could enhance the sintering and stabilization of fly ash. During the aging time of 0-30 days, negligible Pb in the sintered fly ash was leached out, and the leaching concentration was lower than the criterion.     

空心粉煤灰对铁氧体-炭黑/水泥基复合材料吸波性能的影响

通过改变空心粉煤灰微珠、铁氧体、炭黑的配比,分析了影响混凝土电磁吸收效能的主要因素,并探讨了空心粉煤灰微珠、铁氧体和炭黑的加入对水泥基复合材料电磁吸收性能的影响机制。结果表明:8~18GHz频率范围内,空心粉煤灰微珠是影响水泥基复合材料吸波性能的最主要因素,最佳水平组合为20wt%铁氧体、20wt%粉煤灰、10vol%炭黑,-10dB吸收带宽可达10GHz且明显优于无粉煤灰样品,其机制在于空心粉煤灰微珠的掺入同时改善了材料表面透射性能和介电损耗。     

Ensuring uniformity of measurements in microwave radiometry

Standard instruments for measuring brightness temperature, developed at the All-Russia Research Institute of Physicotechnical and Radio Measurements during the last 10–15 years, are considered. It is shown that, using these instruments and equipment of the highest accuracy for measuring the parameters of highly directional antennas in the microwave band, one can produce State Standards with metrological characteristics which satisfy modern requirements. Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 51–56, January, 2009.     

An application of blended fly ash and residual rice husk ash for producing green building bricks

The present study investigates the possibility of using a blended class-F fly ash (FA) and residual rice husk ash (RHA) in the production of green building bricks through the application of densified mixture design algorithm (DMDA) in order to provide a new use for solid waste materials. This study uses unground rice husk ash (URHA) as a partial fine aggregate substitution (10–40%) in the studied cementitious mixtures. Solid bricks of 220 × 105 × 60 mm in size were prepared under forming pressure of 25–35 MPa, a curing temperature of 90 °C, and a relative humidity of 50%, for tests that assessed: compressive strength, flexural strength, bulk density, void volume, and water absorption. The test results showed that all brick samples demonstrated excellent properties. Compressive strength and flexural strength ranged, respectively, between 20.2–33 MPa and 5.4–6.9 MPa. Additionally, up to 30% of URHA content, the values of water absorption and void volume ranged, respectively, between 8.8–15.7% and 1.5–2.1%. All of these values not only conformed well to the requirements of the Vietnamese codes but also demonstrated great potential for using a blended FA–RHA in producing green building bricks.     

关于水热技术处理垃圾焚烧飞灰的研究探讨

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰含有重金属和有毒有机物,对环境危害十分严重。水热法被认为是一种有效的无害化处理技术,能将飞灰改性,降低飞灰毒性,还可以合成沸石类物质,提高产物的应用价值。本文基于垃圾焚烧飞灰理化特性,对现有的水热处理技术进行了较为全面的总结。根据水热法的机理,系统地介绍了传统水热法、微波水热法、熔融预处理的微波水热法和超声波水热法,并通过对比分析指出各方法在处理效率、处理效果等方面存在的问题。此外,还简要介绍了水热处理后飞灰的主要应用领域。最后结合近几年水热技术的研究现状,提出了新型水热技术在工业化应用上存在的大型化的局限性以及未来发展方向。     

Advance treatment by nanographite for Portland pulverised fly ash cement (the class F) systems

This is a full article that overcomes such some negative side effects as rapid coagulation and reduced early strength in class F fly ash-substituted cement (FFA-SC) by serving nano graphite particle (nG). This study uses class F fly ash (FFA), nG, and ASTM type I cement as constituent materials to prepare proper pulverized fly ash–Portland cement combinations (35% FFA + 65% ASTM I + 1.1% nG i.e.). Pastes include lime and/or lime + nG, and tap water to examine ups and downs in Ca(OH)₂ content. Mortars also contain these prepared cements, tap water and/or tap water + super plasticizer (SP), and mortar sand in order to measure fluidity, flexural strength, and compressive strength according to present standard methods. Results indicate for FFA-SC system that the nano graphite particle increases the reduced early strength gain at early age, and the SP reduces the rapid coagulation. The use of nG also shows to be favorable in terms of the Ca(OH)₂ content, the fluidity and the flexural strength gain, and compressive strength gain in FFA-SC system when compared to the pure Portland cement with and without nano graphite particle.     

Utilization of mixed pond ash in integrated steel plant for manufacturing superior quality bricks

Fly ash (FA) poses serious problems to the industries. Integrated steel plants generate huge quantity of FA from their captive power plants and other furnaces. This ash is generally disposed off in the ash ponds along with other sludges and residues of steel making operations. This changes the constitution of FA and makes the brick manufacturing difficult. This paper has attempted to devise the ways for the use of this mixed ash for manufacturing mixed ash clay bricks successfully. The bricks thus made are superior in structural and aesthetic qualities and portents huge saving in the manufacturing costs with better consumer response.     

粉煤灰酸法制氧化铝中溶出罐内料浆的温度测量方法研究

由于高温有压,强酸腐蚀等特殊性,目前尚未有对粉煤灰酸法制氧化铝中溶出罐内矿浆实时温度测量的好方法,本文提出了一种新方法,使溶出罐内料浆温度的实时检测得以实现,并且兼顾高精度和低成本的优点。     

Stabilization treatment of soft subgrade soil by sewage sludge ash and cement

In this study, incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) is mixed with cement in a fixed ratio of 4:1 for use as a stabilizer to improve the strength of soft, cohesive, subgrade soil. Five different ratios (in wt%: 0%, 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16%) of ISSA/cement admixture are mixed with cohesive soil to make soil samples. In order to understand the influences of admixtures on the soil properties, tests of the pH value, Atterberg limits, compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength, and triaxial compression were performed on those samples. The study shows that the unconfined compressive strength of specimens with the ISSA/cement addition was improved to approximately 3-7 times better than that of the untreated soil; furthermore, the swelling behavior was also effectively reduced as much as 10-60% for those samples. In some samples, the ISSA/cement additive improved the CBR values by up to 30 times that of untreated soil. This suggests that ISSA/cement has many potential applications in the field of geotechnical engineering.     

Aqueous three-phase foam supported by fly ash for coal spontaneous combustion prevention and control

This work deals with the preparation and characterization of fly ash (FA) supported aqueous three-phase foams containing N₂ for coal spontaneous combustion prevention and control. Uniform and dense three-phase foams featuring FA contents between 20 wt.% and 33 wt.% are prepared in batch mode using a home-made foam generating column with an internal Venturi tube. The effect of FA on the foamability, static and dynamic stability of the three-phase foams is discussed. Compared with two phase foams, the FA supported three-phase foams manifest higher static and dynamic stability, which increases with the FA content. Base on the excellent static and dynamic stability, a structure model to attach FA particles at the N₂–water interfaces of the three-phase foams was proposed to elucidate the observed behaviors. The as prepared FA supported three-phase foams, exhibiting excellent coal fire extinguishing characteristic, can be used as a promising fire extinguishing material, especially for preventing the large coal area spontaneous combustion or extinguishing fire in high and unknown locations in goaf.