基于景观生态学的城市绿地空间格局优化——以合肥市为例

城市绿地是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,发挥着不可替代的生态功能。而其生态服务功能的强弱取决于绿地空间规划的科学性、合理性。运用景观生态学理论,以合肥市为例,在分析城市绿地现状的基础上,对城市绿地景观格局优化进行了探讨。基于景观生态规划最优化原则,立足于斑块-廊道-基质的景观基本构型,提出保护城市生态用地、建设绿色廊道网络和增加绿地斑块的景观格局优化途径。文章旨在探讨合肥这一园林绿化质量层次较高的城市,如何在城市快速发展进程中,更好地发挥城市绿地的生态效益,实现城市生态环境的可持续发展。     

Integrating wetlands into planned landscapes

The commonly held perspective of wetland habitats in planned landscapes has shifted from areas requiring drainage and fill to valuable habitat providing benefits to society. This shift in perspective has given rise to federal, state and local wetland protection efforts, but planners, landscape architects and engineers have yet to integrate wetland habitats into communities and planned landscapes. In fact, many of the practices employed by land planners to address wetland protection are all too often creating ecological traps that do more harm than good. Complicating the integration of wetland habitats into communities is the public preference for certain types of natural landscapes. In response to this stated aesthetic preference, landscape management practices intended to improve the appearance of wetland habitats actually destroy valuable breeding sites, and food and cover for numerous birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians. With careful planning, design, implementation, and public education, wetland habitats can be fully integrated into planned landscapes without destroying valuable benefits provided by wetland ecosystems.     

从地志画看澳门城市的变迁

自大航海时代起各国画家为形象地传递发现的新世界及地理变化，将各地风貌记录于一系列地志画。近代史上中西交往的重要海港城市澳门也是创作地志画的重镇之一。画家笔下的澳门城市景观与建筑作品，客观地描述了城市的变迁，是摄影时代之前珍贵文献。笔者依据地志画所见，阐述漫长的四百余年中，澳门城市与建筑从自由发展逐渐走向有规划的建设过程，以及它所经历的以东方建筑为主向西洋建筑过度、再到东西方建筑样式相互融合的过程。     

嘉定新城

规划上明确定义的嘉定新城区，就像镶嵌在绿地中的城市岛屿。在这些小岛之间，大多数有水道的绿化带被保留下来，并进一步发展为地方性的娱乐场所。     

城市与水体的结合--台州市椒江南岸沿江景观概念规划征集方案评述

椒江南岸规划区块应是椒江滨江区域的中心,是市级景观节点。其规划应形成以景观、休闲、居住为工,以商业、办公为辅的区域,应利用旧有设施,保持原自的城市肌理．突显台州市“口、海、江、城”的城市格局特色。在方案征集中,深圳院的方案以其准确的定位、浪漫的个性和独特的创意被推荐为中选方案。     

Planning Rural-Urban Landscapes: Railways and Countryside Urbanisation in South-West Flanders,Belgium (1830–1930)

In the international literature on today’s urban condition, Flanders is presented as prime example of urban sprawl, generally described as unplanned incremental development induced by the quantum leap of private car ownership. The research on rural-urban landscapes in south-west Flanders qualifies and substantiates this assertion by analysing pre-war keystone processes of infrastructure planning in relation to land-use patterns and landscape transformations. The research reveals that not only the development of rural-urban landscapes reaches back far beyond the welfare state, fuelled by railways prior to highways, but also shows that the supposedly chaotic hybrid landscape has its roots in drawn-out landscape ideologies inscribed in public works policy. The analysis—which crosses the divides between disciplines (landscape and infrastructure planning), concepts (rural-urban, modern-traditional), and geographical scales (national, regional, local)—reveals consistently planned mechanisms of public works policy and landscape change underlying both the diffuse regional urbanisation patterns and local landscape transformations, which are generally perceived as spontaneous or vernacular developments. Infrastructure planning facilitated a spatial organisation that attributed centrality to the transport network rather than the metropolis, and that conceived a resilient infrastructure framework rather than a stylistic spatial constellation in order to steer and geographically root heterogeneous modernisation processes within the landscape.     

Terrain-Specific: Contemporary Landscape Architecture in Canada

The Canadian landscape has typically captured a global imaginary of a pristine wild, but how might its urban designed landscapes be distinctly understood? Foregrounded by the landscape transformations accelerated by climate change, the book Innate Terrain: Canadian Landscape Architecture, edited by Professor Alissa North from the University of Toronto, highlights landscape architecture projects situated on the unique Canadian terrain. Providing further provocation on Canadian landscape architecture, Innate Terrain seeks to fill the literary gap on contemporary landscape perspectives, distinguishing Canadian landscape architecture from global practice, and particularly, its well-documented American counterpart. Landscape architecture in the Canadian context has evolved and established its own distinct identity, one imbued with national and local sensitivities. Informed by diverse environmental and cultural contexts, Canadian-designed landscapes reflect and refer to the prevailing ecosystems of Canada’s innate terrain. Contrary to the preceding International Style, landscape architecture projects in Canada have adopted the ethos of Critical Regionalism in the second half of the 20th century. Contemporary Canadian practitioners are designing landscapes that are deeply informed by their surrounding geographical context while emphasizing cultural specificity. Central to this cultural specificity, addressed by a new generation of landscape architects, is the increasing recognition of Indigenous Traditional Knowledge within the discipline. Canadian landscape architects have collaborated with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities, including the keepers of this knowledge, to develop land management strategies and design landscape interventions.     

基于GIS的城市生态廊道构建

以四川省万源市为例,利用景观生态学理论和GIS空间分析技术,探索山地城市生态廊道构建的理性方法。分析发现,林地是万源市生态用地中最主要的景观类型,其平均斑块面积、平均形状指数、空间聚集度都较大,有较高的空间异质性。根据不同的用地类型对景观基质的能量流、信息流和物质流产生的障碍作用,计算各类建设用地对生态用地的生态障碍效应,并得到景观的潜在生态连接度。以平均破碎度小于0.4和聚集度大于80%的阈值提取林地景观斑块,依据障碍效应指数和生态连接度的空间分布,并考虑高程、坡度、现状用地类型等因素,搜索廊道的适宜建设区,构建生态廊道,最终形成规划区生态网络。     

景观保护规划的景观敏感度依据及案例研究(三等奖)

风景区规划中保护区的划定往往总是缺乏科学的依据,如何对景观进行有说服力的评判;如何合理恰当地去制定保护风景资源的措施,本文以一个实例研究,用图纸和数据等定量化的方法对此进行了有益的探索。     

南京站规划设计景观解读

南京站规划设计高度重视景观建设,寓“扬帆起航”之意,规划两条景观轴线创造了清晰格局、景观秩序与视觉联系,保证了空间界面的连续与变化和景观功能交融渗透。     

Greening Ahmedabad—creating a resilient Indian city using a green infrastructure approach to investment

Ahmedabad is the commercial centre of the Indian state of Gujarat. With a population of 5.1 million, it is subject to a range of socio-economic and ecological pressures which influence how the city’s landscape is planned. In 2013, the Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA) released a second draft of the 3rd Development Plan for the city. This document outlined how the city plans to strategically deliver built infrastructure, as well as, enhance its landscape through green infrastructure (GI). Utilising ecological networks the plan explores the value of integrating landscape projects to facilitate a spatially functional landscape resource base. This paper evaluates the transition from the rhetoric of the Development Plan to delivery. Drawing on commentary from local stakeholders, it reflects on the form that GI is taking, and asks whether projects such as the Sabarmati Riverfront are meeting both the strategic, and more localised socio-environmental needs of the city.     

北京护城河内侧绿化带(崇文段)规划设计

按照景观生态学和城市大园林理论,规划北京东南二环护城河内侧长约4.7km的绿化带.对其原有生态、已建成景观、特别是水体资源进行有益的发掘和积极的组织利用.按照可持续发展和人的休憩规律进行生态恢复性设计,建立科学的人工植物群落,创造优美的园林景观.强调人与自然的合理共生;强调生态种植的多样性、观赏性、经济性的综合平衡;避免盲目追求新潮和时髦.将其建设成为富有诗情画意、具有北京城区特色和独特水系风光的生态景观走廊.     

重塑矿山工业景观规划实验(之一)——兖矿集团济宁三号井煤矸石山宝塔景观规划设计

对煤矸石这一煤矿生产过程中必然存在的固体废弃物,未雨绸缪,预先规划设计,采取分层碾压、注浆加固等方法,将煤矸石山的堆积与规划建设的宝塔建筑基础处理等结合起来,将煤矸石山与整个矿区的景观环境设计联系起来,统一规划.在煤矸石山体初步成型后,在其表面覆盖优质表土,培育植被,结合优越的微山湖水面,组成整个济宁三号井矿区优美的生态环境景区.     

近村近郭水西庄曲院掩映通修廊——记天津市历史名园水西庄

介绍天津历史名园水西庄的历史和发展历程,分析其审美意境和造园手法,尤其是水西庄的园林建筑兼具南北风格,别具特色。20世纪90年代后,水西庄的研究进入了新的历史时期,现已决定在北运河畔批地筹措复建水西庄。一个集园林、文化之大成的古典园林——水西庄,将给天津增加了一道新的风景线。     

土地利用的优化格局——Forman教授的景观规划思想

Forman教授认为景观生态规划设计中有5个必不可少的要素,包括:时空背景、整体景观、景观中的关键点、规划区域的生态特性和空间属性。据此他提出用以解决土地保护与开发矛盾的“空间解决途径”,其内容包括建立“斑块—廊道—基质”模式,构筑集中与分散相结合的空间格局等。     

居住区建筑与环境景观一体化规划设计初探

本论文以市场经济下人们对居住环境品质的新需求为背景,对居住区规划的发展变化进行分析研究,对影响居住区环境品质的因素进行总结归纳。在此基础上,以互融互利的原则来研究居住区建筑与环境景观的一体化规划设计,使居住区建筑与其外部环境更好地组织配合统一风格、提高居住质量、环境品质。并探讨居住区建筑与环境景观一体化规划设计的原则及方法。造就安全、舒适、健康的居住环境,实现“以人为本”的居住区规划设计。贯彻绿色、生态环保和可持续发展的设计理念。     

中国现代景观园林规划设计理念的探讨

通过实践工作可以看出，景观园林的规划建设是国家迅速发展的市场现状。现代景观园林的规划设计主要是以项目分析为主体，并通过视觉景观层面、园林景观层面、精神景观层面来实现。     

四川广安市思源工业园区规划设计与思考

广安市思源工业园区规划以环状路网为主骨架,结合地块内部路网划分工业用地与绿地,形成方格状布局结构,开放空间与景观设计结合城市整体形象,并加入了生态规划。     

城市高压输电走廊线下空间作为游憩绿地 利用的安全性研究

高压输电走廊线下空间在城市内大量存在,按照现行法律、法规和标准规范中的规定,一般应作为防护绿地规划建设。但在现实中存在大量将其利用为游憩绿地使用的情况,其安全性受到公众质疑。利用电力行业和医学相关研究数据,对城市高压输电走廊线下空间游憩利用的安全性开展深入研究,综合得出将110和220kV高压输电走廊线下空间作为游憩绿地利用,其安全性可以得到保证。并基于安全利用的前提,从风景园林规划设计的角度提出了相关设计原则和策略。     

青城山响水源人工湖景观规划设计

青城山响水源人工湖景观规划以注重整体景观规划和生态效应为指导思想,将规划范围划分为开放性景观A、C区以及私密性景观B区,分别布置主要景点,并通过人车分流、步行优先的道路系统将其连成一体,凸显四川民居传统文化及道家文化特色。