化学强化过程中的离子迁移现象与规律研究

以碱铝硅玻璃为研究对象,采用多次离子交换(凯丽法),研究离子迁移与离子交换对玻璃强度的影响。结果表明:凯丽法在单次离子交换法基础上引入高温离子迁移(HTIM)工艺,易实现更深的离子交换层深度(DOL),DOL值增加140%,且具有特殊的应力分布层,抗冲击强度较传统一步法提高1倍,避免了传统离子交换法玻璃自爆的安全性风险。     

离子交换对硼硅酸盐平板玻璃表面组成及性能的影响

研究用低温离子交换法增强硼硅酸盐平板玻璃.以熔融KNO3作为离子交换源,分别加入少量KOH,KF和锑酸钾(K2H2Sb2O72H2O)添加剂,在玻璃转变温度以下对硼硅酸盐平板玻璃进行K -Na 离子交换处理.利用电子探针研究了离子交换前后玻璃的表面组成变化;测定了样品的显微硬度、抗折强度和透过率.研究了添加剂种类与玻璃抗折强度之间的关系.研究结果表明:经K -Na 离子交换处理后硼硅酸盐玻璃表面K 浓度增加,交换深度可达30μm.经K -Na 离子交换后硼硅酸盐平板玻璃的强度提高,其抗折强度约为交换前的3倍.     

使氟树脂粘接强度提高两倍的方法

使氟树脂粘接强度提高两倍的方法葛宜妹（邮电部第五研究所，四川成都，６１００６２）日本都市大学Ｍｕｒｈａｒａ教授领导的一个研究小组开发了一种可以使氟树脂粘接强度提高两倍的技术。在特氟隆表面上喷洒２％的硼酸溶液以后用选择性激光对表面进行改性处理。再与环氧...     

纳米CaCO_3增强增韧聚丙烯的研究

通过熔融共混法制备了ＰＰ／纳米ＣａＣＯ３ 复合材料。力学性能测试表明，纳米ＣａＣＯ３ 在低含量下（０．５％ ～５％ ）可以使聚丙烯冲击强度提高３～４ 倍，同时保持其拉伸强度和刚度。通过对填充复合材料的冲击断面观察及断口损伤分析证明了材料的增韧是由于基体发生了大面积屈服所致。     

离子交换增强陶瓷岩板的研究

采用离子交换的表面处理技术强化陶瓷岩板，主要研究了岩板在工业KNO3熔盐中经离子交换后的强度变化，通过改变离子交换时间、温度和岩板厚度等参数，研究其对陶瓷岩板强度的影响，分析了样品的抗弯曲强度及表面K+离子分布规律，探究了离子扩散机制及离子交换强化机制。研究结果表明：400℃时，5.1 mm厚的岩板在工业KNO3熔盐中经5 h离子交换后，其抗弯曲强度最大值达到86.35 MPa，较未进行离子交换样品的强度高出65.35%。同时离子交换也能够减薄岩板的厚度，3.1 mm的岩板经离子交换后强度为90.83 MPa，为减薄陶瓷岩板提供一种新的技术途径。     

硅酸铝锂组成的玻璃陶瓷强度的提高

根据研究可以得出结论，以硅酸铝锂组成的玻璃陶瓷通过在NaNO3溶液中进行离子交换可以使制品的强度得到提高。该玻璃陶瓷系按照陶瓷生产工艺，利用高浓度悬浮液以泥浆浇注法在多孔模里浇注成型，随后按照规定的热处理制度对坯体进行烧结和冷却。选择了通过离子交换使制品强度得到提高的最佳的温度—时间制度。     

PP—g—AA对PP／云母增容作用的研究

研究了聚丙烯（ＰＰ）与云母共混时，添加第３组分ＰＰ－ｇ－ＡＡ对ＰＰ／云母共混体系的影响。用扫描电镜观察共混体系中云母的分布状况，研究结果表明，加入第３组分增加了共混体系的相容性，使拉伸强度和抗冲击强度均明显提高。     

酸洗对磷酸盐激光玻璃性质的影响

对Li2O质量分数不同的磷酸盐激光玻璃进行了酸洗实验,探讨了酸洗工艺条件对未经离子交换激光玻璃的表面形态结构、显微硬度、脆裂温度及光谱性质的影响。结果表明:适当的酸洗可以去除玻璃表面的杂质和划痕,减少部分微裂纹,并能提高玻璃的显微硬度和脆裂温度。对玻璃的吸收光谱而言,酸洗并没有引起吸收光谱形状及峰值吸收强度的变化。酸洗对玻璃的荧光光谱强度产生了影响,短时间的酸洗使玻璃表面OH基团的浓度减少,玻璃的荧光强度提高。     

α和β成核剂对聚丙烯力学性能的影响

研究了α和β成核剂对聚丙烯力学性能的影响。结果表明；α成核剂的加入使聚丙烯结晶度增大，从而使刚性增加，冲击强度总体呈下降趋势；β成核剂的加入使聚丙烯中β晶含量大幅度地提高，β晶独特的束状聚集结构在受力时产生裂纹带，从而使拉伸强度和拉伸模量下降，而韧性大大增加；在β成核剂质量分数为0.6%时，简支梁缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率达到最大值，皆为聚丙烯的两倍多。     

碱对含C4A3S↑—型水泥熟料的影响

本文利用天然原料、高碱工业废渣制成含碱的Ｃ４Ａ３Ｓ↑－系列水泥并借助于ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ及强度测试等手段研究了碱对含Ｃ４Ａ３Ｓ↑－型水泥熟料煅烧及相应水泥物理性能的影响。研究表明，碱含量的增加不仅使此类水泥的后期强度降低，也使其早期强度降低，但与普通硅酸盐水泥相比，降低的幅度要小。因此可以利用高碱原料或工业废渣生产含Ｃ４Ａ３Ｓ↑－型的水泥或胶凝材料。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。