大伙房水库调度办公自动化系统设计与开发

水库调度是水库运行管理中的重要方面,为改变传统的以手工为主的调度办公作业,本文设计开发了大伙房水库的调度办公自动化系统.该系统按照水库调度的作业流程,采用B/S计算机体系结构、网络数据库和面向时象的编程思想等先进技术.该系统已投入实际运行并且运行稳定,较好地满足了用户的调度作业需要.     

白龟山水库水利信息化现状及信息集成规划设计

一、水利信息化现状 为了提高水库调度与管理水平,实现水库安全经济运行,河南省白龟山水库管理局先后建设了水雨情自动测报系统、水库洪水预报与调度系统、大坝安全监测系统等,这些系统在水库的调度中发挥了很好的作用。但由     

湖南省大型水库防洪调度决策支持系统开发与应用

从湖南省的防洪体系，大型水库的防洪作用及水库防洪调度现状出发，论述了建立我省大型水库防洪调度系统的必要性，对开发湖南省大型水库人调度系统决策支持系统的总体结构进行了分析，在此基础上介绍了开发的调度决策支持系统的功能及应用情况。     

石泉水库调度自动化系统建设

通过简要介绍石泉水力发电厂水库调度自动化系统的建设,结合客户/服务器计算机网络体系结构,阐述了石泉水库调度自动化系统的工作原理、通信方式、软硬件结构,以及各个自动化子系统在水库调度工作中的功能,指出了系统目前存在的问题以及系统改进、发展的方向和目标.     

李仙江流域梯级水库优化调度系统设计

基于对梯级水库优化调度系统的需求和开发状况的分析,结合李仙江流域梯级水库的特点和业务需求,提出李仙江流域梯级水库优化调度系统的设计原则,并对系统结构、相关研究内容及关键技术进行了概况性的描述.     

现代化管理手段在水库调度中的应用

本文通过论述察尔森水库水文遥测系统、洪水调度系统等在洪水调度中的作用,说明了现代化管理手段在水库调度运用中的重要作用。同时提出了水库将来管理的新构想;用GIS完善水库调度系统,提高水库调度水平。     

工程信息在水库洪水调度中的应用

集成水情自动测报、大坝安全监测和闸门自动控制开发的水库实时安全调度系统,在掌握水情信息的同时充分利用工情、大坝安全信息使水库洪水调度更主动、更从容。该系统具有洪水预报、水工建筑物安全性分析、库水位计算、按调度规则调度和参考工程信息人机交互调度及调度方案评价等多种功能。以浙江省青山水库洪水调度计算为例,说明了工程信息在水库洪水调度中的应用。     

防汛调度决策支持系统在新丰江水库调度的应用

当前,随着自动化技术的不断发展和国产化软件的使用推进,旧时使用的防汛调度决策系统已存在较大问题,不能大程度地满足水库调度的需求。主要体现在不能满足网络安全和国产化保密需求,自动化计算、人工智能演算、提高故障排查和处理效率、报表格式较为单一等功能存在一系列问题。而防汛调度决策支持系统能较好解决以上问题,并在新丰江水库调度实现应用。     

长江三峡水利枢纽梯级水库调度自动化系统

由三峡水库和葛洲坝水库组成的梯级水库的调度工作是由三峡梯调通信中心的梯级水库调度自动化系统实现的。系统的建设目标是满足三峡～葛洲坝梯级水库综合调度的需要。其主要功能是准确、及时地收集枢纽上下游水雨情信息、气象信息、枢纽运行信息、防洪调度信息、发电调度信息和航运调度信息，对这些信息进行分析、计算和综合处理，制作短、中、长期水文预报，在满足枢纽安全的前提下，为水库调度方案的优化提供决策支持。本文就梯级水库调度自动化系统的设计与实现进行了详细的阐述。     

洪水调度系统在石头河水库防汛中的应用

本文以石头河洪水调度系统的实际应用为例,分别介绍了该系统的结构组成、作业流程及实际应用,进而分析了系统所能创造的效益及在使用过程中所暴露出的优缺点,最后对症下药地总结出设计和建设水库洪水调度系统时应重视的几个方面,对水库洪水调度系统的建设具有一定的指导意义。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。