基于微观相场DO22原子间相互作用势的计算模型

基于微观相场原理, 根据Khachaturyan占位几率和能量关系方程,推导出DO22相第一近邻原子间相互作用势的计算模型,其输入参数为相变点的温度和原子浓度。针对Ni3V-DO22相的反演计算表明：随温度和浓度增大,第一近邻原子间相互作用势w1增大。将计算所得随温度和浓度变化着的原子间相互作用势代入微观相场方程中,表明该方法得到的原子演化结构的温度和浓度相关性更加明显。     

Co-Pt合金中L10原子间相互作用势和沉淀过程的微观相场法研究

本文基于微观相场法和原子间相互作用势方程,计算出Co-Pt合金中L10结构第一近邻原子间相互作用势,计算结果得到Co-Pt合金中L10结构第一近邻原子间相互作用势随温度增大而增大,随浓度增大而增大,且计算得到的随温度和浓度变化的原子间相互作用势与之前的实验值符合较好。利用计算的原子间相互作用势模拟了Co-Pt合金沉淀过程以及最终形貌,模拟结果能得到L10和L12结构,根据序参数可以得到L10结构的沉淀转变机制特征是失稳分解,而后粗化长大且最终两相体积分数接近,合金沉淀形貌与实验结果符合。相场法计算Co-Pt合金中L10结构原子间相互作用势,拓展了相场法在含L10结构的合金设计中的应用范围。     

相场法研究Ni-Al间作用势对Ni75Al14Cr11合金L10预析出相的影响

采用微观相场法研究了Ni_(75)Al_(14)Cr_(11)合金第1个近邻到第4个近邻Ni-Al原子间相互作用势对L1_0预析出相沉淀过程的影响。结果表明,当第3近邻Ni-Al原子间相互作用势增大或第4种近邻Ni-Al原子间相互作用势减少时,L1_0预析出相和L1_2平衡相均提前沉淀,且L1_0预析出相体积分数减少而L1_2相的最终体积分数几乎不变;当第3近邻Ni-Al原子间相互作用势减少或第4近邻Ni-Al原子间相互作用势的增大时,L1_0预析出相和L1_2最终相都会推迟沉淀,且L1_0预析出相和L1_2相体积分数均增大;与上述2种情况相比,改变第1近邻Ni-Al原子间相互作用势对L1_0预析出相沉淀过程的影响较小,而改变第2近邻Ni-Al原子间相互作用势对沉淀过程几乎没有影响。进一步研究表明,Ni-Al原子间相互作用势改变不影响合金的沉淀机制,将影响L1_0预析出相、L1_2平衡相的析出时间、速度和2种相的体积分数,沉淀形貌等,从而影响Ni_(75)Al_(14)Cr_(11)高温合金的结构和性能,对合金优化设计有指导意义。     

微观相场法反演Ni0.75AlxV0.25-x合金的原子间相互作用势

采用微观相场法,利用Khachaturyan所给原子间相互作用势与长程序参数关系方程,计算出Ni_(0.75)Al_xV_(0.25-x)合金L1_0、L1_2和DO_(22)相第一近邻原子间相互作用势,并用计算的原子间相互作用势模拟了Ni_(0.75)Al_xV_(0.25-x)合金沉淀过程以及最终形貌。计算结果表明,L1_0、L1_2和DO_(22)相第一近邻原子间相互作用势随温度增大而增大,随浓度增大而增大,且计算得到的随温度和浓度变化的原子间相互作用势与之前的实验值符合较好。计算的原子间相互作用势的模拟结果能依次得到预析出相L1_0、稳定相L1_2和第二相DO_(22),且合金沉淀形貌与实验结果吻合。相场法反演原子间相互作用势,拓宽了相场法在合金设计中的应用范围。     

微观相场法研究Ni-Al-Fe合金原子间作用势的变化规律

基于微观相场理论,利用Khachaturyan所给原子间作用势与长程序参数关系方程得出L12结构第一近邻原子间作用势推演公式,反演出Ni-Al-Fe合金L12结构第一近邻原子间作用势。反演结果表明,Ni-Al和Ni-Fe第一近邻原子间作用势(即WNi-Al和WNi-Fe)随温度升高而增大。随Al原子浓度增大,WNi-Al增大而WNi-Fe减小,反之亦然。且原子间作用势随温度升高呈线性增大;原子间作用势随原子浓度变化近似呈线性变化。将反演作用势反代入到微观相场方程中得到的原子演化图的晶粒更细,同时其有序结构的有序度会更高。     

耦合CALPHAD的微观相场中Ni-Al与Ni-Si合金原子时效模拟

通过结合微观相场及计算相图方法,拟合得到L12结构中第一、第二近邻原子间交互作用能,进而模拟了Ni-Al、Ni-Si二元合金在γ→γ'相变过程中的合金原子簇聚及有序化行为。模拟结果得出,当Al或Si的原子分数为17.5%时,随着时效温度的升高,L1_2相析出孕育期更长;同时,有序化总是先于溶质原子的簇聚,形成非化学计量比有序相;借助计算相图,可将微观相场方法应用于更多二元体系的γ→γ'型相变研究。     

外场下失稳区合金沉淀机制的计算机研究

基于离散格点形式的微扩散方程(Langevin方程)和非平衡自由能函数，编制了引入原子间相互作用能变化的Al3Li(δ′)相沉淀原子层面计算机模拟程序。该程序包容亚稳区到失稳区的全部温度、成分范围，孕育期至粗化的全过程，可以处理与时间相关的过程问题。开展了不同原子间相互作用势下原子图像、序参数的计算机模拟，进而探讨了最近邻原子相互作用能(W1)对有序相沉淀的影响机制。探明过渡区合金先发生等成分有序化，后进行失稳分解；随W1的增大，有序相沉淀的孕育期缩短，单相有序畴数量增多，面积减小，合金达到最大有序化的时间早，所能达到的最大有序化程度大。W1值较大，会促进合金有序化和原子簇聚，阻碍无序相的形成。     

金属中间隙原子的有效相互作用势

利用Hillert亚点阵理论和点阵静力学分析方法,建立了简谐近似下包含弹性效应即应变诱发相互作用的间隙合金总能量模型,获得了间隙原子间有效相互作用势.分别将描述基体亚点阵和间隙亚点阵的能破及其相互作用的点阵弊力学方程,在标准态附近作简谐近似,给出了包括化学相互作用势、Kanzaki力和动力学矩阵等系数的间隙合金总能量公式,再依据点阵静力学方程的平衡条件,确定了包含应变诱发相互作用的间隙原子间有效相互作用势.合金间隙原子间的有效相互作用势取决于化学相互作用势以及Kanzaki力与动力学矩阵耦合的应变诱发相互作用势,与原子种类、点阵参数及合金浓度相关.利用间隙合金的总能量模型计算了δ-Pu中He原子的有效相互作用势,结果表明,随着He原子浓度增加,间隙亚点阵常数增大,化学相互作用势和应变诱发相互作用势均减小,造成有效相互作用势降低.有效相互作用主要受应变诱发相互作用的影响.     

δ''相在外场下早期沉淀机制的计算机模拟

基于离散格点形式的微扩散方程(Langevin方程)和非平衡自由能函数,编制了引入原子间相互作用能变化的Al3Li(δ')相沉淀原子层面计算机模拟程序.该程序包容亚稳区到失稳区的全部温度、成分范围和孕育期至粗化的全过程,可以处理与时间相关的过程问题.开展了不同原子间相互作用势下原子图像、序参数的计算机模拟,进而探讨了最近邻原子相互作用能(W1)对有序相沉淀的影响机制.发现过渡区合金形核前出现短暂的等成分有序化阶段.探明随W1的增大,有序相沉淀的孕育期缩短,形核率增加,合金有序化速度和原子簇聚速度加快,在所研究的时间范围内达到的长程序参数和成分偏离序参数最大值增大.随W1的增大,有序相的析出呈现出失稳分解的特征.     

δ′相在外场下早期沉淀机制的计算机模拟

基于离散格点形式的微扩散方程(Langevin方程)和非平衡自由能函数,编制了引入原子间相互作用能变化的Al3Li(δ′)相沉淀原子层面计算机模拟程序。该程序包容亚稳区到失稳区的全部温度、成分范围和孕育期至粗化的全过程,可以处理与时间相关的过程问题。开展了不同原子间相互作用势下原子图像、序参数的计算机模拟,进而探讨了最近邻原子相互作用能(W1)对有序相沉淀的影响机制。发现过渡区合金形核前出现短暂的等成分有序化阶段。探明随W1的增大,有序相沉淀的孕育期缩短,形核率增加,合金有序化速度和原子簇聚速度加快,在所研究的时间范围内达到的长程序参数和成分偏离序参数最大值增大。随W1的增大,有序相的析出呈现出失稳分解的特征。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.