FeSO4对化学镀Ni-P工艺的影响

为了进一步改善化学镀Ni-P镀层的显微硬度和耐蚀性,将FeSO4加入到化学镀Ni-P镀液中.通过金相显微镜测试了FeSO4对Ni-P镀层表面形貌的影响;采用显微硬度计测试了镀层的显微硬度;采用电化学技术测试了FeSO4对镀层耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:当镀液中FeSO4的质量浓度小于1.0 g/L时,镀层的沉积速率虽然降...     

化学镀Ni-Fe-P工艺的研究

考察了镀液中FeSO4的质量浓度对合金镀层沉积速率的影响,并通过金相显微镜对镀层表面形貌进行观察;采用硬度计和实验室浸泡方法分别考察了镀层的显微硬度和耐蚀性.结果表明:当镀液中FeSO4的质量浓度小于2.0 g/L时,镀层的沉积速率虽然降低,但镀层的表面更加均匀、致密,表面质量更好,镀层的显微硬度和耐蚀性也得到提高;当...     

电沉积纳米晶镍-铁-铬合金

采用直流和脉冲电沉积方式从三价铬的氯化物镀液中沉积出镍-铁-铬纳米合金镀层，利用扫描电镜分析镀层形貌及晶粒尺寸，研究了沉积速率，电流效率，三价铬浓度及pH值随沉积时间的变化关系，结果表明，脉冲电沉积所得镀层的结构和性能均优于直流电沉积，这是由于脉冲电沉积存在断电时间，使得电极表面扩散层中金属离子的浓度得到及时恢复。     

Fe-W-P-Ce合金复合刷镀液组分含量影响的分析

以FeC l2为主盐,在碳素钢上制备了Fe-W-P-Ce复合刷镀层。讨论了主盐类型及含量,辅盐、稀土元素、缓冲剂、亚磷酸以及络合剂含量对镀层组成及沉积速度的影响。结果表明,以上各组分含量对镀层质量及沉积速度均有显著影响:主盐FeC l2型优于FeSO4型,镀液中W6 与Fe2 质量分数比值在20%~30%时,镀层中钨含量增加较快;当四硼酸钠含量为10 g/L时沉积速度达最大;当镀液中H3PO3含量为50 g/L时,镀层中磷、铁及钨的质量分数分别为8%、48%、32%,镀层为非晶态。     

铝合金化学镀Ni-Fe-P-B工艺研究

研究了以铝合金为基体，化学镀Ni-Fe-P-B合金工艺及镀速，镀层组成和耐蚀性，通过控制NaH2PO2,KBH4，丁二酸的浓度，金属盐的比率（NH4）2Fe(SO4)2/[(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 NiSO4]及pH值得到理想的镀层，在NaH2PO230g/L,KBH41.0g/L，金属盐的比率0.4，丁二酸8g/L,pH值9.0-10时，镀速最高，镀层主要为非晶态结构，且与基体结合力优良；耐蚀性良好，在100%NaOH溶液中的耐蚀性能优于在1mol/LHCl和3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能；该镀层合金中铁，磷和硼的质量分数分别为27.14%，2.57%和6.07%。     

低温镀铁层沉积速率的研究

研究了pH值、温度、电流密度以及主盐的质量浓度对低温镀铁层沉积速率的影响.结果表明:当pH值为1.0时,镀层的沉积速率最大;随着温度的升高,电流密度的增加或者镀液中主盐的质量浓度的增加,镀层的沉积速率增大.     

不同主盐对羟基亚乙基二膦酸体系镀铜的影响

通过赫尔槽试验和方槽试验,研究了不同主盐对HEDP(羟基亚乙基二膦酸)体系电镀铜沉积速率、电流效率、镀层外观、厚度、结合力等的影响。镀液组成为:HEDP160g/L,Cu2+10g/L,K2CO360g/L,pH9.0。结果表明,由于阴离子不同,铜盐种类会影响电镀过程和镀层性能。HEDP体系镀铜液的最佳主盐为CuSO4·5H2O。以CuSO4·5H2O为主盐时,电流效率为92.5%,镀速为0.18μm/min,所得铜镀层表面平整、致密,与钢铁基体的结合力良好。     

熔融盐电沉积金属及合金

从熔融盐中可电沉积出在溶液中不能电沉积出的金属及合金。文中综述了熔融盐电沉积金属及合金的方法与特性及电沉积研究进展。     

铈盐对柠檬酸化学镀镍-磷合金的影响

以沉积速度、镀层磷含量、镀液稳定性和镀层表观形貌为评价指标,通过实验考察铈盐对柠檬酸化学镀镍-磷合金的影响。实验结果表明,ρ[Ce(SO4)2]在0～10mg/L时,沉积速度为11.40～12.50μm/h,沉积速度随Ce(SO4)2质量浓度增加先增大后又下降;镀层w(磷)为10.42%～11.80%,随ρ[Ce(SO4)2]增大镀层中的磷略有提高;镀液氯化钯稳定t在3.4～4.6h,先增大至极值后又减小。采用扫描电子显微镜观察镀层表面和X-射线能谱分析,结果表明,镀层中不含有铈,Ce(SO4)2的加入对镀层表观形貌影响不大。     

铁-钨-磷合金电沉积工艺及其性能研究

在含FeSO4·7H2O、Na2WO4·2H2O、NaH2PO2·H2O、Na3C6H5O7·2H2O、C6H8O7·H2O、NH3·H2O和苯亚磺酸钠的碱性镀液中,电沉积得到Fe–W–P三元合金,分析了不同镀液成分时所得镀层的化学组成,讨论了温度、pH、电流密度及NH3·H2O用量对镀层沉积速率和显微硬度的影响。结果表明:除NaH2PO2·H2O外,镀液中其他组分对镀层组成均有显著影响;工艺参数的改变对镀层沉积速率和显微硬度有一定影响,NH3·H2O体积分数对沉积速率的影响尤其显著。电沉积所得Fe–W–P合金镀层具有典型的非晶态结构,其耐蚀性略优于00Cr17Ni14Mo2不锈钢。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。