城市污泥堆肥过程中重金属形态变化研究

重金属是城市污泥堆肥利用的重要限制因素。为了解决城市污泥的处理与处置难题,本研究以啤酒厂污泥和污水处理厂的污泥的混合污泥作为实验原料,通过原子吸收方法测定堆肥化过程不同阶段重金属Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr的形态变化。结果表明,污泥堆肥化过程中对重金属Zn的有效态含量影响不显著,对Cu、Pb、Cr向有效态转变具有一定的促进作用;堆肥化过程可显著降低交换态Zn对植物的污染;重金属Zn、Cu的总含量变化均呈逐渐降低的趋势,表明堆肥化过程有利于降低重金属的含量。     

城市绿地施用污泥堆肥中的重金属污染与控制

城市绿地施用污泥堆肥试验表明:施用污泥堆肥后,土壤上层(0-20cm)6种金属元素(Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr)的含量明显提高,但即使一次污泥施用量达200t/hm2时,径流水和渗滤水中6种金属元素的含量均低于农田灌溉水质标准。为避免城市绿地长期施用污泥堆肥造成土壤中重金属的过量积累,造成污染,可根据污泥中重金属的含量和有关参数,通过计算确定施用地污泥的最大允许负荷量来加以控制。     

污泥农用研究及污泥中重金属去除

简述了我国污泥农用的基本情况及污泥堆肥的研究情况。并介绍五种去除污泥中重金属的方法,最后指出污泥土地利用时应该注意的问题。     

堆肥对城市污泥重金属的影响

城市污泥的土地利用是其资源化利用的有效途径之一,但该利用方式的推广受限于对城市污泥中重金属引起的土壤二次污染问题的担忧。由城市污泥中重金属引起的土壤污染不仅与重金属的总量有关,更大程度上决定于重金属的化学形态。本文对城市污泥及其堆肥产品中重金属的含量和形态进行了分析研究,并讨论了污泥及堆肥产品的土地利用造成的土壤和农作...     

污泥中重金属形态分析及其生物可利用性研究

通过对白龙港污水处理厂的污泥源、污泥中重金属含量、污泥浸出液中重金属含量的分析,从污泥中重金属形态分析数据的角度对其生物可利用份额作了探讨。     

污泥好氧堆肥过程中营养物质含量的变化

城市污泥堆肥过程中,其内含的营养物质也在发生变化.本试验通过对污泥好氧堆肥过程中含水率、有机质含量、氮素含量、磷含量的变化进行研究,表明随着好氧堆肥的进行,堆料内营养物质处于动态变化过程中,在升温期内各参数变化不大;高温期内,含水率及有机质含量急剧下降,氮素含量及磷含量逐渐提高;堆肥后期含水率缓慢下降.总体而言,在一个...     

剩余污泥中重金属形态分布及浸出特征研究

剩余污泥具有改良土壤结构、增加土壤肥力、促进农作物生长等优点,由于含有有害的重金属等,妨碍其农用。通过对剩余污泥中重金属形态分布及浸出特征研究,结果显示,剩余污泥中Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr及Pb交换态含量都比较少,Cu、Zn、Ni主要以碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧结合态和硫化物及有机结合态存在,Cr、Cd和Pb主要以残渣态存在;在酸性条件下,交换态、碳酸盐结合态溶出量大,并且溶出量都随浸出时间的延长而增加。     

堆肥产生的腐殖质对重金属有效性影响的研究进展

土壤中大量的重金属不仅会影响植物正常的生理功能,且会随食物链不断富集,甚至可能会通过遗传或者是母乳喂养而带到婴儿身上,危害极大。城市污泥堆肥作为众多污水处理厂广泛采用的处理方式,堆肥腐殖质能够让重金属的有效性很大程度上得到控制。所以,本文通过文献调研,通过对国内外文献综述的了解,堆肥基础上出现污泥腐殖质,分析重金属有效性的具体情况,并对日后的研究方向提出建议与期望。为了一步加强国内水泥污水处理厂的检测污泥堆肥过程产生的各种腐殖质对重金属处理有效性的检测影响而在此提供资料参考。     

伊犁某水厂污泥中重金属形态分布特征及生态风险评价

分析伊犁某水厂脱水污泥中重金属含量,利用Tessier五步提取法分析重金属形态分布特征,用内梅罗指数法(PI)和地累积指数法(I_geo)评价污泥农用的潜在生态风险。结果表明,污泥中Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Mn的含量远超国家土壤背景值,Cu的有机态含量高,Zn的可交换态含量最大,Mn的铁锰氧化态含量高,Ni在前4态分布较均匀,Pb的可交换态和有机态含量高;PI和I_geo评价后表明污泥中存在中度和重度风险元素,将其施用于土地中具有一定的生态风险性。     

Heavy Metals Precipitation in Sewage Sludge

Abstract

There is a great need for heavy metal removal from strongly metal‐polluted sewage sludges. One of the advantages of heavy metal removal from this type of sludge is the possibility of the sludge disposal to landfill with reduced risk of metals being leached to the surface and groundwater. Another advantage is the application of the sludge as soil improver. The use of chemical precipitation to remove dissolved heavy metals from sewage sludge implies a high cost for chemicals. This work shows, for real sewage sludge for the first time that the addition of NaOH as first precipitating agent considerably saves the addition of Na₂S, that is one of the most effective metal precipitating agents and also expensive. After solubilization of heavy metals by chemical leaching with previous aeration, the next step was the separation of the sludge solids from the metal‐rich acidic liquid (leachate) by centrifugation and filtration. Afterwards, the filtered leachate was submitted to the application of NaOH and Na₂S, separately and in combination, followed by filtration. The results showed that when iron and aluminium are present in the leachate, adsorption and/or coprecipitation of Cr, Pb, and Zn with Fe(OH)₃ and Al(OH)₃ might occur at increasing pH conditions. The combination of hydroxide and sulfide precipitation was able to promote an effective removal of heavy metals from leachate. Applying NaOH at a pH of 4–5 as a first precipitation step, followed by filtration and further addition of Na₂S to the filtered liquid at pH of 7–8 as a second precipitation step, decreased considerably the dosage of the second precipitant (almost 200 times), compared to when it was solely applied. This has practical applications, as the claimed costs drawbacks of H₂S addition is considerably reduced by the addition of the less expensive NaOH. The best removal efficiencies obtained were: Pb: ～100%, Cr: 99.9%, Cu: 99.7%, and Zn: 99.9%.     

固体垃圾与污水污泥混烧中重金属迁移特性的研究

进行了固体垃圾与污水污泥合成样品在管式焚烧炉内的混烧实验,采集样品进行化学成分分析,表征了污水污泥中的重金属在焚烧过程中向飞灰和烟气迁移的特性及对灰渣的毒性影响。结果表明,混烧显著提高了飞灰和底灰中重金属含量,其中Zn表现最明显。毒性测试结果显示,污水污泥的混烧导致了垃圾焚烧飞灰中Zn和Pb的浸出浓度超过中国危险废物浸出的控制标准值。     

城市污泥中重金属去除技术研究

重金属污染是目前城市污水处理厂污泥农用的主要障碍之一。综述了城市污泥中重金属去除的常用四种技术：化学浸提、生物淋滤、动电技术和固化-稳定化,同时分析了污泥中重金属去除技术的发展方向。     

生活污泥焚烧灰的重金属含量及其浸出特征

为了探讨生活污泥焚烧灰中重金属的含量及其浸出特征,收集了广州沥窖污水处理厂的剩余污泥,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测量重金属含量;应用固体废物浸出毒性的浸出方法(GB5086.2-1997),以不同p H的浸提剂,对污泥中重金属的浸出特性进行了实验研究。结果表明:污泥中Fe的含量最高,达到27378 mg/kg,其次是Mn和Cu,分别为436.5 mg/kg和315.2 mg/kg,Zn、Cr、Pb和Ni的含量较高,依次是721.5、199.2、122.2和110.8 mg/kg,Cd的含量极少,仅有0.33 mg/kg。Cr和Cd金属元素的8小时浸出量分别为62.9 mg/kg、0.96 mg/kg,其余被测的金属元素:Fe、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn以及Mn,在任何浸提时间下,其浸出量均为0 mg/kg。本实验中重金属在酸性条件下的浸出率明显高于碱性条件下,Cr、Ni和Cd的最佳浸提剂p H值均为2。其中Cu和Zn随浸提剂p H变化的浸出特征不明显。。     

城市污水污泥好氧堆肥的研究概述

本文通过对城市污水污泥的堆肥机理及其过程的分析,论述好氧堆肥的主要影响因素包括堆肥填充料、初始含水率、通气供养条件、有机质含量、碳氮比(C/N)、pH以及温度等,并在此基础上进一步分析污泥好氧堆肥的腐熟度指标,分别给出物理指标、化学指标、生物指标以及毒性指标,评价各指标特点及其局限性。     

Electrodialytic Separation of Phosphorus and Heavy Metals from Two Types of Sewage Sludge Ash

During sewage sludge incineration phosphorus (P) is retained in the ash in a form not directly available to plants. As P is a sparse resource, it is important to develop techniques for recovery of P from incinerated sewage sludge ashes (ISSA). Heavy metals are concentrated in ISSA and separation of P and heavy metals is required. The present work is an experimental screening of a new combination of acid extraction and electrodialysis–electrodialytic separation (EDS) for simultaneous P recovery and removal of heavy metals. Experiments were conducted with two different ashes; rich in Fe or Al. The separation method was best suited for the Fe-rich ash, where it was possible to separate P into one processing solution, heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb) into another, keeping the ash suspended in a third solution (which though still contained P after 1 week of EDS). For the Al rich ash, the separation was not similarly encouraging. The high release of Al during the extraction influenced the speciation of P and negatively charged P complexes were not prevailing. On the contrary to Al, the Fe containing ash particles were insoluble so Fe did not interfere with P speciation and separation after extraction.