三出口萃取工艺极值公式

为了缩短工艺流程,提高分离效率,许多单位都相继进行了三出口萃取分离工艺的研究。研究结果表明,三出口工艺不仅可应用于稀土元素的分离,而且还可应用于非稀土元素的分离。若采用三出口工艺分离Sm、Eu、Gd或Gd、Tb、Dy,可一次得到三个产品,即纯Sm、Gd及富Eu、或纯Gd、Dy和富Tb。由于缩短了工艺流程,从而提高了贵重稀土元素Eu和Tb的收率。三出口工艺应用于Cu、Co、Ni的分离时,可同时得到较纯的Cu、Ni及含量高于90％的Co产品,缩短了工艺流程,降低了消耗。     

稀土元素在玻璃陶瓷行业上的应用

稀土元素,通常是指元素周期表中第Ⅲ副族的镧系元素和钇(Y)。钪(Sc)。其中镧系元素包括镧(La)、铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)、钷(Pm)、钐(Sm)、铕(Eu)、钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、钬(Ho)、铒(Er)、铥(Tm)、镱(Yb)、镥(Lu)、     

铝在稀土萃取分离流程中的分布及分离方法研究(I)

本文对非稀土元素铝在P507-HCl体系稀土萃取分离流程Sm/Eu/Gd和～Gd/Tb/Dy中的分布和走向进行了研究,并对其各自的水相料液,进料级、水相出口、三出口和萃取有机相出口的两相稀土组成、浓度和铝含量进行了分析。结合进料级和三出口附近的元素组成计算了铝与钐的分离系数,通过物料平衡计算了铝的进出平衡情况。阐明了铝在其中的分布和走向规律,并提出了氢氧化钠和草酸沉淀等除铝方法。     

氮,氮,氮′,氮′-四辛基-3-氧戊二酰胺色谱柱分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定混合稀土氧化物中重稀土

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定稀土元素时,轻稀土元素Ce、Nd、Sm的氧化物等复合离子严重干扰重稀土元素Tb、Dy、Ho、Er的测定,因此对混合稀土中重稀土元素进行测定前一般需要先对其分离富集。实验在样品溶解后,将N,N,N′,N′-四辛基-3-氧戊二酰胺(TODGA)用硅藻土吸附后装柱,以0.1 mol/L HNO₃为样品溶液介质上柱,通过控制洗脱液的种类、酸度以及洗脱液流速,实现了轻稀土元素La、Ce、Pr、Nd与重稀土元素Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu的分离和富集,建立了ICP-MS测定混合稀土氧化物中重稀土元素的方法。实验表明:控制洗脱流速为2.0 mL/min,用pH 2.0的HNO₃淋洗至淋洗体积约为500 mL,继续收集洗脱液,并用ICP-MS检测其中Nd₂O₃含量,直至洗脱液中Nd₂O₃的质量浓度小于200 ng/mL,可将轻稀土元素La、Ce、Pr、Nd及少量Y、Sm、Gd洗脱;再改用350 mL 1 mol/L HCl洗脱重稀土元素,可实现重稀土元素与La、Ce、Pr、Nd及部分Y、Sm、Gd的分离;通过选择¹⁵⁹Tb、¹⁶³Dy、¹⁶⁵Ho、¹⁶⁷Er、¹⁶⁹Tm、¹⁷²Yb、¹⁷⁵Lu为测定同位素可消除质谱干扰。将实验方法应用于混合稀土氧化物中重稀土元素的测定,加标回收率在93%～110%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)在1.1%～10%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镝铁电解粉尘中15种稀土元素

用硝酸和氢氟酸溶解试样,高氯酸冒烟除氟,在硝酸介质中用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了镝铁电解粉尘中La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y 15种稀土元素。为了提高高含量元素的测定准确度,在测定基体元素Dy时,采用铟作内标;为了消除基体效应对稀土杂质元素测定的影响,采用基体匹配的校准曲线。镝铁电解粉尘中铁含量很低(铁的质量分数不超过1%),对测定没有影响。实验方法测定了一镝铁电解粉尘样品,结果表明,La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu和Y 14个稀土杂质元素测定值与ICP-MS的测定值基本一致,镝和14个稀土元素的合量与重量法测得的稀土总量吻合。     

Metathesis synthesis,characterization, spectral and photoactivity studies of Ln2/3MoO4 (Ln=La,Pr, Nd,Sm, Eu,Gd, Tb,Dy, Er and Y)

Rare earth ortho-oxomolybdates of composition Ln2/3MoO4 (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er and Y) were prepared by metathesis reaction. All these materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffra...     

轻稀土矿预分萃取法Nd/Sm新工艺研究

轻稀土矿预分萃取法Nd/Sm新工艺由预分萃取段、预分洗涤段和预洗水相Nd/Sm分组构成。研究结果：5级预分萃取段的出口水相La-Nd轻稀土分离纯度>99.99%,5级预分洗涤段的出口有机相Sm-Lu、Y中重稀土分离纯度>99.995%;只有轻稀土矿的4.2%稀土量进入级数较多30级的Nd/Sm分组中分离,其出口水相出口有机相的分离纯度均可>99.99%。该方法稀土矿处理量大,能耗低,且新工艺的萃取槽体积大为减少,工业生产易于控制。     

甘肃某稀土多金属矿工艺矿物学研究

对甘肃某稀有多金属矿进行了系统的工艺矿物学研究,查明矿石中稀土总量约为2.1%,稀土元素主要为镧系元素Ce、La,少量Nd、Pr,微量Dy、Sm、Tm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Y、Lu、Ho,矿石为低品位稀土矿,稀土矿物主要为氟碳钙铈矿,其次为氟碳铈矿和独居石。矿石中的稀土矿物嵌布复杂,稀土颗粒单晶细小,属较难处理的矿石类型。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定氟化铈中13种稀土杂质

准确称取0.10 g(精确至0.000 1 g)待分析样品于微波消解罐中,加入3 mL盐酸,将微波消解仪由室温升温到120 ℃并保持5 min,再继续升温到180 ℃并保持15 min进行微波消解,以10 ng/mL Cs溶液为内标,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定氟化铈中13种稀土杂质(La、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu)含量的方法。实验表明,13种稀土杂质的线性范围为1.0~100 ng/mL,线性相关系数均不小于0.999 5,方法的检出限为0.002～0.050 μg/g。用所建立方法测定氟化铈粉末样品中La、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd的结果与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)基本一致。将方法应用于氟化铈粉末样品中13种稀土杂质的分析,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=7)均小于5.0%,加标回收率为95%~105%。     

中国稀土矿稀土配分特征

稀土矿床分为矿物型和风化型两种:我国著名的矿物型稀土矿有白云鄂博铁稀土铌矿、四川攀西冕宁稀土矿和山东微山稀土矿;风化型稀土矿有信丰型稀土矿、龙南型稀土矿和寻乌型稀土矿。对矿物型稀土矿的矿物组成和稀土配分研究发现,它们主要的稀土矿物为氟碳铈矿和独居石,强烈地选择轻稀土配分,轻稀土配分La+Ce+Pr+Nd大于95%。风化型稀土矿中的稀土主要以水合或羟基水合离子吸附于黏土矿物上,稀土配分主要选择中重稀土配分,约占90%,该类型中稀土Sm+Eu+Gd+Tb+Dy配分和约为15%,重稀土配分Ho+Er+Tm+Yb+Lu+Y约为29%,少量选择重稀土配分型,约占8%,其该类型重稀土配分约为75%。从原岩到风化壳矿石,再从风化壳矿石到风化壳淋积型稀土矿的提取产品,稀土配分存在富铕效应和铈亏效应。该结果不仅有利于制定稀土矿的选矿和混合稀土的分离工艺,而且为揭示稀土矿稀土迁移富集成矿规律起到积极的作用。     

Synergistic extraction of rare earths by mixture of HDEHP and HEH/EHP in sulfuric acid medium

The extraction of RE（Ⅲ） （RE=La, Nd, Sm, Gd） in sulfuric acid medium using the mixture of HDEHP（H2B2） and HEH/EHP（H2L2） was investigated. The synergistic enhancement coefficient（R） was calculated for La （1.96）, Nd（3.52）, Sm（5.96）, and Gd（5.71）, respectively, at pH=2.0, and it was seen that the R increased with the increase of aqueous quilibrium pH. The configuration of the extracted complexes was considered to be RE（SOa）xH2x（HB2）3 with HDEHP, RE（SOa）xH2x（HL2）3 with HEH/EHP, and RE（HB2）2（HL2） with their mixture as the extractant with the slope method. The equilibrium constants and stability constants were calculated. A cation exchange mechanism was proposed as well.     

Comparison of Economical and Technical Indices on Rare Earth Separation Processes of Bastnasite by Solvent Extraction

ＴｈｅｂａｓｔｎａｓｉｔｅｉｎＢａｉｙｕｎ′ｅｂｏｏｆＩｎｎｅｒＭｏｎｇｏｌｉａｉｓｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ７０％ｏｆｔｈｅｐｒｏｖｅｎｒａｒｅｅａｒｔｈｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｌｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ．Ｔｈｅｓｉｍｉｌａｒｏｒｅｓｗｅｒｅｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ...     

Study on separation of rare earth elements in complex system

The effect of the feed acidity,acetic acid concentration and rare earth concentration on the distribution ratio,separation coefficient and extraction capacity of light rare earth elements were studied in the P204(DEHPA)-HCl system and P507(HEH/EHP)-HCl system both containing acetic acid,respectively. The results showed that the distribution ratio and separation coefficient decreased with increasing of acidity,and increased with increasing of acetic acid concentration and rare earths concentration,and the extraction capacity increased with increasing of acetic acid concentration. When pH value of feed was 2.0,[RE]/[acetic acid] was 1:1 and rare earth concentration 0.35 mol/L,in P204(DEHPA) -HCl system with acetic acid,the maximum separation coefficient(β) reached to βCe /La=4.09,βPr/Ce=1.96 and βNd/Pr=1.53,and the separation ability of this extraction system was better than P507(DEHPA)-HCl system.     

Effects of Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er Dopant on Electrical Properties of BaTiO3 Ceramics

BaTiO3 ceramics doped with various quantities of Nd2O3, Sm2O3, Gd2O3, Dy2O3 and Er2O3 were prepared respectively ( the adulterate concentrations were 0. 001,0. 002, 0. 003, 0.005, 0. 007 mol fraction) through a sol-gel method and their electrical properties were researched. It is found that each adulteration of Nd2O3, Sm2O3 Gd2O3,Dy2O3 and Er2O3 all can make the resistivity of BaTiO3 ceramics decline , especially Sm2O3 and Gd2O3. When the addition of Sm2O3 is 0. 001 mol, the resistivity is the smallest, declining from 4.0 × 1012 to 6.5 × 103 Ω different kind of rare earth exhibits different regularity. The grain resistance of BaTiO3 ceramics doped with Sm2O3 or Gd2O3 exhibits a NTC effect, at the same time the grain boundary resistance has a PTC effect, and the grain boundary resistance is much larger than the grain resistance, so the PTC effects of BaTiO3 ceramics doped with Sm2O3 or Gd2O3 originate from the grain boundary. The additions of Nd2O3 , Gd2O3 or Er2O3 make the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of BaTiO3 ceramics change evidently, especially Nd2O3. The dielectric constant is larger than that of pure BaTiO3 ceramics, on the other hand, the dielectric loss is much lower, which is useful in capacitor fields.     

Synergistic extraction of rare earth by mixtures of 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid from sulfuric acid medium?

The extraction of Nd3 and Sm3 , including the extraction and stripping capability as well as the separation effect of Nd3 or Sm3 , from a sulfuric acid medium, by mixtures of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP, H2A2(0)) and 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (HEH/EHP, H2L2(0)) were studied. The distribution ratios and synergistic coefficients of Nd3 and Sm3 in different acidities were also determined. A synergistic extractive effect was found when HDEHP and HEH/EHP were used as mixed extractants for Sm3 or Nd3 . The chemical compositions of the extracted complex were determined as Nd·(HA2)2·HL2 and Sm·(HA2)2·HL2. The extraction equilibrium constants, enthalpy change, and entropy change of the extraction reaction were also determined.     

Study on Transfer and Interfacial Kinetics of Neodymium and Samarium in Membrane Based Extraction

Ｔｈｅｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｈｏｌｌｏｗｆｉｂｂｅｒｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅ (ＨＦＭ ) ,ｗｈｉｃｈｗａｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｉｎｅａｒｌｙ 1 980ｓ ,ｉｓａｎｅｗｋｉｎｄｏｆｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｏｆｌｉｑｕｉｄ -ｌｉｑｕｉｄａｎｄｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ .Ｔｈｉｓｍｅｔｈｏｄｃａｎｏｆ ｆｅｒｓｅｖｅｒａｌａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈｃｏｎｖｅｎ ｔｉｏｎａｌｅｘｔｒａｃｔｏｒｓ[1～ 2 ] .Ｉｔｃａｎａｌｓｏｐｒｏｖ…     

Study on Anticoagulation Factor I from Agkistrodon Acutus Venom by Rare Earth Ion Probes

Ｓｎａｋｅｖｅｎｏｍｓｃｏｎｔａｉｎｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓｗｈｉｃｈｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｖａｒｉｏｕｓｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ ,ｉｎ ｃｌｕｄｉｎｇａｃｌａｓｓｔｈａｔａｆｆｅｃｔｓｃｏａｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍｗｉｔｈｃｏａｇｕｌａｎｔｏｒａｎｔｉｃｏａｇｕｌａｎｔａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ .Ａｎａｎｔｉｃｏａｇｕｌａｎｔｆａｃｔｏｒ (ＡＣＦ)ｗａｓｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｌｙｉｓｏ ｌａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｖｅｎｏｍｏｆＡｇｋｉｓｔｒｏｄｏｎａｃｕｔｕｓｆｒｏｍｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＡｎｈｕ…     

Cu-Fe Catalysts Modified by Rare Earths for Preparation of High Alcohols from Fatty Acid Esters Reduction

Cu-Fe Catalysts Modified by Rare Earths for Preparation of High Alcohols from Fatty Acid Esters Reduction     

氨化HEH/EHP膜基萃取钕、钐及传质研究

本文采用自制聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜器,在氨化ＨＥＨ／ＥＨＰ煤油体系中对钕、钐的萃取及传质性能进行了研究。结果表明,无论萃取剂氨化与否,膜器中的萃取反应均可视为准一级反应;探讨了氨化ＨＥＨ／ＥＨＰ对膜阻的影响及其在膜萃取过程和同级萃取反萃中,稀土离子、氢离子及氨离子的交换规律