固定化包埋技术在水处理领域的应用进展

固定化包埋技术是通过物理或化学手段,将游离细胞或酶定位于限定的空间区域内,使其保持活性并可重复利用.该技术具有生物流失量少、生物密度高、反应迅速且容易控制等优点.从微污染水源水净化、污水处理和受污染地表水生态修复等方面阐述了固定化包埋技术在水处理领域的研究进展和应用现状,并提出未来需要着力解决的若干问题.     

利用磁性固定化微生物降解水中微量油

炼油循环水用量大且含有烃类等难降解有机物,因此需要探索高效、经济、环保的水处理技术。文中利用聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠-Fe_3O_4粒子复合物包埋微生物,控制Fe_3O_4粒子质量分数为14.9%,磁性固定化微生物饱和磁化强度为8.59 emu/g,处理含柴油质量浓度60 mg/L模拟水,30℃反应72 h,降解率达到99%以上。而在相同条件下,游离微生物对水中微量油的降解率为86.8%,磁性固定化微生物经水中柴油驯化后,活性、耐酸碱和耐底物高浓度进一步提高,处理含柴油质量浓度60 mg/L模拟水,反应40 h降解率达到99%,并且处理640 mg/L,高质量浓度含油水降解率达95%以上。使用13次循环处理60 mg/L含油水,反应40 h的降解率均达95%以上,表明磁性固定化微生物具有优异的重复使用性。     

微生物固定化技术及其在污水处理领域的研究进展

微生物固定化技术是一种有效的废水处理技术。对微生物固定化载体和固定化方法进行了分类,并对微生物固定化后的细胞性能做了阐述。综述了微生物固定化方法在各类废水中的国内外研究现状,并针对相关问题提出了今后的研究和发展方向。     

固定化微生物技术在废水处理中的应用分析

固定化微生物技术已经在难解解废水,高浓度有机废水及含重金属废水等的治理中得到广泛的应用。微生物经固定化后其反应特性与游离状态有很大的差别。固定化方法和固定化载体的选择是微生物固定化工艺中的重要影响因素。     

碳酸酐酶固定化技术研究与应用进展

目前以有机胺为吸收剂脱除CO2的化学吸收法多存在氨基易分解、再生能耗高等不足。新型的IVCAP工艺采用碳酸钾水溶液吸收CO2,可大幅节能降耗,但吸收速率较有机胺慢。碳酸酐酶是至今发现的最有效的CO2水合酶催化剂,将该酶添加至IVCAP工艺中,可显著提高CO2吸收速率。文中综述了固定化碳酸酐酶在碳捕集与封存技术中的研究和应用进展,并对其选用磁性载体材料强化IVCAP工艺对CO2的捕集应用前景进行了展望。     

磁性固定化胃蛋白酶水解牛奶的研究

将磁性固定化胃蛋白酶应用于牛奶的水解.结果表明,其对牛奶水解有一定的催化作用,最佳水解条件为:磁性固定化胃蛋白酶添加量1.50 g、pH值4.0、水解温度60℃、水解时间2 h,此时牛奶水解度可达40%以上.     

功能化磁性纳米颗粒固定化脂肪酶研究

用葡萄糖酸对Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒表面进行修饰,然后用水溶性碳化二亚胺（EDC）作偶联剂,对脂肪酶进行固定化。考察了偶联剂浓度、给酶量和反应时间对脂肪酶固定化过程的影响。结果表明,制备功能化磁性颗粒固定化酶的最佳条件为：偶联剂浓度为12．5mg／mL磷酸缓冲液（PBS）,给酶量为2．5mg／mLPBS,反应时间为24h。固定化脂肪酶表现出优异的热稳定性,60℃时酶活为游离酶的6倍。重复使用10次后,酶促活力依然保持80％以上。     

微生物固定化技术的研究与应用

微生物固定化技术因其独特的优越性成为了环境保护及水处理领域的研究热点。从微生物固定化技术的发展和应用角度,重点阐述了微生物固定化技术的基本方法,固定化机理,固定化特性及固定化技术的优越性;并简述了微生物固定化技术的应用领域、存在的问题及未来发展方向。     

固定化微生物技术在废水处理中的应用

目前废水处理是环境治理的难题之一,采用固定化微生物进行治理具有一定的优势。本文主要介绍固定化微生物技术在印染废水、含氰废水、高浓度氨氮废水、石油化工废水处理中的应用。     

Short review on liquid membrane technology and their applications in biochemical engineering

As a branch of membrane separation technology, liquid membrane has attracted great attention and expanded investigations in biological chemical engineering, with life and health concern in ecosystems.Composed of membrane solvent and mobile carrier, liquid membrane was acquired of function, performing the facilitated mass transfer across the diffusive solvent, so as for the separation and delivery achievement with efficacy. In this review, two types of liquid membrane are mainly focused, respecti...     

Functional biopolymers produced by biochemical technology considering applications in food engineering

Polysaccharides are widely used in foods as thickening, gelling, stabilizing, emulsifying, and water-binding agents. The majority of the polysaccharides currently employed in the food industry are derived from plants and seaweeds. Recently, microbial polysaccharides have emerged as an important set of biothickeners for foods. These biopolymers have overcome to great extent the flaws associated with the plants and seaweeds polysaccharides. This relatively new class of biopolymers has unique rheological properties because of their potential of forming very viscous solutions at low concentrations and pseudoplastic nature. This review deals with the current applications of these microbial biopolymers in the food industry with a special focus on the commonly used important exopolysaccharides in this area.     

TiO2光催化剂的负载技术研究进展

TiO2是光催化反应中的一种研究较为广泛的光催化剂,具有优异的光催化特性,在废水处理、空气净化等环保领域具有诱人的应用前景.对近年来国内外TiO2光催化剂的载体和负载技术进行了综述,为今后开发新型、高效、实用的光催化剂提供借鉴.     

Clay particle engineering: A potential new technology with diverse applications

The ability to disperse different clay materials in aqueous suspensions into fundamental particles 1–10 nm thick and combine them in various combinations and proportions has stimulated research into the more effective use of the unique properties of these materials. These properties include high surface area (up to 800 m²/g). cation exchange capacity (up to 120 meq./100 g) and anion exchange capacity (up to 25 meq./100 g) which can be utilized in a variety of industrial processes and other commerical applications. The products of such combinations are synthetic, randomly interstratified clays whose adsorption/desorption characteristics, micro-porosity, permeability, and interlayer chemistry can be modified to optimize their performance as chemical supports and heterogeneous catalysts. Thin films (10–100 nm) can be formed from these materials with a wide range of compositions and properties with possible applications in the medical treatment of burns and wounds, as release agents and coatings in pharmaceuticals and agricultural products, for the immobilization of bacteria and as enzyme supports in biotechnology. The coatings and films can be fired at temperatures of 1000°C to produce micro-ceramic products which could lead to applications such as electrical insulators and semiconductors and as protective coatings and bonding intermediates in the material sciences. This report outlines the methods of preparation and properties of these clay materials and presents analytical and experimental results demonstrating the promise of this technology.     

毒理学在环境工程中的应用

当今社会环境问题日趋加剧,跨学科合作成为一种必然。把毒理学的知识应用到环境问题中,不但可以解决传统方法无法解决的难题,而且可以给环境标准的修改提供新思路。     

Ca系永磁铁氧体工艺与磁性研究

用陶瓷工艺制备了Ca系永磁铁氧体,用X射线衍射仪分析样品的物相,用振动样品磁强计、永磁铁氧体测量仪、浮力法等对产品相关磁特性进行了检测,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察样品的断面形貌。实验表明,微量Ba的掺杂促进了Ca系铁氧体片状晶粒的均匀生长,磁性能得到明显改善,矩形比(Hk/HCJ)从89%提高到96%,M*值提高2.6%,达到6 200以上,对Ca_(0.98-x)La_xBa_(0.02)Fe_(10.6-x)Co_xO_(19)(x=0.3),1 300℃保温1 h的预烧料粉碎时添加0.2%的H_3BO_3、0.4%的Si O_2,研磨之后成型,成型坯适当低温长时间的烧结更有利于Ca系永磁铁氧体磁参数的改善,如将其烧结温度控制为1 195℃并保温2 h,可获得B_r为452 m T,H_(CJ)为402 k A/m的Ca永磁铁氧体。     

无机膜的制备及其在环境工程中应用的研究进展

本文综述了无机膜的主要制备方法,以及无机膜在环境工程中的应用研究进展。国内外研究结果表明无机膜在废水、废气处理上与传统方法相比有很多优点。并对其在环境工程中应用的研究方向进行了展望。     

Preparation of magnetic porous terpolymer and its application in cellulase immobilization

In this work, a series of porous terpolymers with degrees of crosslinking at 30–65% were synthesized by suspension polymerization. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were used to modify the porous terpolymer with degree of crosslinking at 30%. The resulting terpolymers with mean pore size of 10–30 nm were used as supports for immobilization of cellulases through covalent bondings. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravity analysis measurements demonstrated that cellulases were immobilized onto the porous terpolymers. The effects of pH and temperature on enzyme activity were investigated in acetate buffer medium by hydrolysis of sodium carboxymethyl celluloses. The reusability of immobilized cellulases was also investigated. The result showed that immobilized cellulases exhibited higher residual activities and enzyme activities than free cellulases in wide ranges of pH and temperature. We also found that the reusability of cellulases immobilized on terpolymers with magnetism was better than that of cellulases immobilized on terpolymers without magnetism. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1039–1045, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

微生物非培养技术在环境微生物领域的研究进展

传统的微生物纯培养技术不能够精确地反映实际环境中微生物的生存状况,不能满足当今世界对环境微生物研究准确、快速的要求。本文综合评述了微生物非培养技术在环境微生物领域的研究进展。     

环境投资在金隆工程中的实践

在金隆工程建设中,以环境投资政策为导向,利用外资改造企业环境;依靠技术进步提升企业改造的科技含量;完善工艺过程中污染防治和“三废”综合利用。7年的运行情况表明,环境投资成效显著,铜冶炼总回收率达98.50％,全硫利用率97．6％,废水排放达标率100％,废气排放达标率100％,水重复利用率92．68％。