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1.
Thermally Stable MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19.19% and Area over 1 cm2 achieved by Additive Engineering
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Yongzhen Wu Fengxian Xie Han Chen Xudong Yang Huimin Su Molang Cai Zhongmin Zhou Takeshi Noda Liyuan Han 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2017,29(28)
Solution‐processed perovskite (PSC) solar cells have achieved extremely high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 20%, but practical application of this photovoltaic technology requires further advancements on both long‐term stability and large‐area device demonstration. Here, an additive‐engineering strategy is developed to realize a facile and convenient fabrication method of large‐area uniform perovskite films composed of large crystal size and low density of defects. The high crystalline quality of the perovskite is found to simultaneously enhance the PCE and the durability of PSCs. By using the simple and widely used methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3), a certified PCE of 19.19% is achieved for devices with an aperture area of 1.025 cm2, and the high‐performing devices can sustain over 80% of the initial PCE after 500 h of thermal aging at 85 °C, which are among the best results of MAPbI3‐based PSCs so far. 相似文献
2.
Ian A. Howard Tobias Abzieher Ihteaz M. Hossain Helge Eggers Fabian Schackmar Simon Ternes Bryce S. Richards Uli Lemmer Ulrich W. Paetzold 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2019,31(26)
Hybrid organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite semiconductors provide opportunities and challenges for the fabrication of low‐cost thin‐film photovoltaic devices. The opportunities are clear: the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of small‐area perovskite photovoltaics has surpassed many established thin‐film technologies. However, the large‐scale solution‐based deposition of perovskite layers introduces challenges. To form perovskite layers, precursor solutions are coated or printed and these must then be crystallized into the perovskite structure. The nucleation and crystal growth must be controlled during film formation and subsequent treatments in order to obtain high‐quality, pin‐hole‐free films over large areas. A great deal of understanding regarding material engineering during the perovskite film formation process has been gained through spin‐coating studies. Based on this, significant progress has been made on transferring material engineering strategies to processes capable of scale‐up, such as blade coating, spray coating, inkjet printing, screen printing, relief printing, and gravure printing. Here, an overview is provided of the strategies that led to devices deposited by these scalable techniques with PCEs as high as 21%. Finally, the opportunities to fully close the shrinking gap to record spin‐coated solar cells and to scale these efficiencies to large areas are highlighted. 相似文献
3.
Low‐Temperature Soft‐Cover Deposition of Uniform Large‐Scale Perovskite Films for High‐Performance Solar Cells
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Fei Ye Wentao Tang Fengxian Xie Maoshu Yin Jinjin He Yanbo Wang Han Chen Yinghuai Qiang Xudong Yang Liyuan Han 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2017,29(35)
Large‐scale high‐quality perovskite thin films are crucial to produce high‐performance perovskite solar cells. However, for perovskite films fabricated by solvent‐rich processes, film uniformity can be prevented by convection during thermal evaporation of the solvent. Here, a scalable low‐temperature soft‐cover deposition (LT‐SCD) method is presented, where the thermal convection‐induced defects in perovskite films are eliminated through a strategy of surface tension relaxation. Compact, homogeneous, and convection‐induced‐defects‐free perovskite films are obtained on an area of 12 cm2, which enables a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.5% on a solar cell with an area of 5 cm2. This is the highest efficiency at this large cell area. A PCE of 15.3% is also obtained on a flexible perovskite solar cell deposited on the polyethylene terephthalate substrate owing to the advantage of presented low‐temperature processing. Hence, the present LT‐SCD technology provides a new non‐spin‐coating route to the deposition of large‐area uniform perovskite films for both rigid and flexible perovskite devices. 相似文献
4.
Slow‐Photon‐Effect‐Induced Photoelectrical‐Conversion Efficiency Enhancement for Carbon‐Quantum‐Dot‐Sensitized Inorganic CsPbBr3 Inverse Opal Perovskite Solar Cells
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All‐inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite is suggested as a promising candidate for perovskite solar cells due to its prominent thermal stability and comparable light absorption ability. Designing textured perovskite films rather than using planar‐architectural perovskites can indeed optimize the optical and photoelectrical conversion performance of perovskite photovoltaics. Herein, for the first time, this study demonstrates a rational strategy for fabricating carbon quantum dot (CQD‐) sensitized all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite inverse opal (IO) films via a template‐assisted, spin‐coating method. CsPbBr3 IO introduces slow‐photon effect from tunable photonic band gaps, displaying novel optical response property visible to naked eyes, while CQD inlaid among the IO frameworks not only broadens the light absorption range but also improves the charge transfer process. Applied in the perovskite solar cells, compared with planar CsPbBr3, slow‐photon effect of CsPbBr3 IO greatly enhances the light utilization, while CQD effectively facilitates the electron–hole extraction and injection process, prolongs the carrier lifetime, jointly contributing to a double‐boosted power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.29% and an increased incident photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency of up to 76.9%. The present strategy on CsPbBr3 IO to enhance perovskite PCE can be extended to rationally design other novel optoelectronic devices. 相似文献
5.
In Situ Growth of 120 cm2 CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Crystal Film on FTO Glass for Narrowband‐Photodetectors
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Hua‐Shang Rao Wen‐Guang Li Bai‐Xue Chen Dai‐Bin Kuang Cheng‐Yong Su 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2017,29(16)
Organometal trihalide perovskites have been attracting intense attention due to their enthralling optoelectric characteristics. Thus far, most applications focus on polycrystalline perovskite, which however, is overshadowed by single crystal perovskite with superior properties such as low trap density, high mobility, and long carrier diffusion length. In spite of the inherent advantages and significant optoelectronic applications in solar cells and photodetectors, the fabrication of large‐area laminar perovskite single crystals is challenging. In this report, an ingenious space‐limited inverse temperature crystallization method is first demonstrated to the in situ synthesis of 120 cm2 large‐area CH3NH3PbBr3 crystal film on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) glass. Such CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite crystal film is successfully applied to narrowband photodetectors, which enables a broad linear response range of 10?4–102 mW cm?2, 3 dB cutoff frequency (f 3 dB) of ≈110 kHz, and high narrow response under low bias ?1 V. 相似文献
6.
Ibrahima Ka Ivy M. Asuo Suchismita Basu Paul Fourmont Dawit M. Gedamu Alain Pignolet Sylvain G. Cloutier Riad Nechache 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2018,14(38)
The morphology of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite films is known to strongly affect the performance of perovskite‐based solar cells. CH3NH3PbI3‐xClx (MAPbI3‐xClx) films have been previously fabricated with 100% surface coverage in glove boxes. In ambient air, fabrication generally relies on solvent engineering to obtain compact films. In contrast, this work explores the potential of altering the perovskites microstructure for solar cell engineering. This work starts with CH3NH3PbI3‐xClx, films with grain morphology carefully controlled by varying the deposition speed during the spin‐coating process to fabricate efficient and partially transparent solar cells. Devices produced with a CH3NH3PbI3‐xClx film and a compact thick top gold electrode reach a maximum efficiency of 10.2% but display a large photocurrent hysteresis. As it is demonstrated, the introduction of different concentrations of bromide in the precursor solution addresses the hysteresis issues and turns the film morphology into a partially transparent interconnected network of 1D microstructures. This approach leads to semitransparent solar cells with negligible hysteresis and efficiencies up to 7.2%, while allowing average transmission of 17% across the visible spectrum. This work demonstrates that the optimization of the perovskites composition can mitigate the hysteresis effects commonly attributed to the charge trapping within the perovskite film. 相似文献
7.
Effective Carrier‐Concentration Tuning of SnO2 Quantum Dot Electron‐Selective Layers for High‐Performance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
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Guang Yang Cong Chen Fang Yao Zhiliang Chen Qi Zhang Xiaolu Zheng Junjie Ma Hongwei Lei Pingli Qin Liangbin Xiong Weijun Ke Gang Li Yanfa Yan Guojia Fang 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2018,30(14)
The carrier concentration of the electron‐selective layer (ESL) and hole‐selective layer can significantly affect the performance of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a facile yet effective two‐step method, i.e., room‐temperature colloidal synthesis and low‐temperature removal of additive (thiourea), to control the carrier concentration of SnO2 quantum dot (QD) ESLs to achieve high‐performance PSCs is developed. By optimizing the electron density of SnO2 QD ESLs, a champion stabilized power output of 20.32% for the planar PSCs using triple cation perovskite absorber and 19.73% for those using CH3NH3PbI3 absorber is achieved. The superior uniformity of low‐temperature processed SnO2 QD ESLs also enables the fabrication of ≈19% efficiency PSCs with an aperture area of 1.0 cm2 and 16.97% efficiency flexible device. The results demonstrate the promise of carrier‐concentration‐controlled SnO2 QD ESLs for fabricating stable, efficient, reproducible, large‐scale, and flexible planar PSCs. 相似文献
8.
Enhancing the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells by Hybridizing SnS Quantum Dots with CH3NH3PbI3
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Jianhua Han Xuewen Yin Hui Nan Yu Zhou Zhibo Yao Jianbao Li Dan Oron Hong Lin 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(32)
The combination of perovskite solar cells and quantum dot solar cells has significant potential due to the complementary nature of the two constituent materials. In this study, solar cells (SCs) with a hybrid CH3NH3PbI3/SnS quantum dots (QDs) absorber layer are fabricated by a facile and universal in situ crystallization method, enabling easy embedding of the QDs in perovskite layer. Compared with SCs based on CH3NH3PbI3, SCs using CH3NH3PbI3/SnS QDs hybrid films as absorber achieves a 25% enhancement in efficiency, giving rise to an efficiency of 16.8%. The performance improvement can be attributed to the improved crystallinity of the absorber, enhanced photo‐induced carriers' separation and transport within the absorber layer, and improved incident light utilization. The generality of the methods used in this work paves a universal pathway for preparing other perovskite/QDs hybrid materials and the synthesis of entire nontoxic perovskite/QDs hybrid structure. 相似文献
9.
Narges Yaghoobi Nia Enrico Lamanna Mahmoud Zendehdel Alessandro L. Palma Francesca Zurlo Luigi Angelo Castriotta Aldo Di Carlo 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,15(49)
As the hole transport layer (HTL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) has been attracting great interest due to its low‐cost, thermal stability, oxygen impermeability, and strong hydrophobicity. In this work, a new doping strategy is developed for P3HT as the HTL in triple‐cation/double‐halide ((FA1?x?yMAxCsy)Pb(I1?xBrx)3) mesoscopic PSCs. Photovoltaic performance and stability of solar cells show remarkable enhancement using a composition of three dopants Li‐TFSI, TBP, and Co(III)‐TFSI reaching power conversion efficiencies of 19.25% on 0.1 cm2 active area, 16.29% on 1 cm2 active area, and 13.3% on a 43 cm2 active area module without using any additional absorber layer or any interlayer at the PSK/P3HT interface. The results illustrate the positive effect of a cobalt dopant on the band structure of perovskite/P3HT interfaces leading to improved hole extraction and a decrease of trap‐assisted recombination. Non‐encapsulated large area devices show promising air stability through keeping more than 80% of initial efficiency after 1500 h in atmospheric conditions (relative humidity ≈ 60%, r.t.), whereas encapsulated devices show more than >500 h at 85 °C thermal stability (>80%) and 100 h stability against continuous light soaking (>90%). The boosted efficiency and the improved stability make P3HT a good candidate for low‐cost large‐scale PSCs. 相似文献
10.
Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated Through CsCl‐Enhanced PbI2 Precursor via Sequential Deposition
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Qi Li Yicheng Zhao Rui Fu Wenke Zhou Yao Zhao Xin Liu Dapeng Yu Qing Zhao 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2018,30(40)
The fabrication of high‐quality perovskite film highly relies on chemical composition and the synthesis method of perovskite. So far, sequentially deposited MA0.03FA0.97Pb(I0.97Br0.03)3 polycrystalline film is adopted to produce high‐performance perovskite solar cells with record power conversion efficiency (PCE). Fewer grain boundaries and incorporation of inorganic cation (e.g., cesium) would further increase device performance via sequential deposition. Here, cesium chloride (CsCl) is introduced into lead iodide (PbI2) precursor solution that beneficially modulates the property of PbI2 film, leading to larger grains with cesium incorporation in the resulting perovskite film. The enlarged crystal grains originate from a slower nucleation process for CsCl‐containing PbI2 film when reacting with formamidine iodide, confirmed by in situ confocal photoluminescence imaging. Photovoltaic devices based on CsCl‐containing PbI2 film demonstrate a higher averaging efficiency of 21.3% than 20.3% of the devices without CsCl additives for reverse scan. More importantly, the device stability is improved by CsCl additives that retain over 90% of their initial PCE value after 4000 min tracking at maximum power point under 1‐sun illumination. This work paves a way to further improve the photovoltaic performance of mixed‐cation‐halide perovskite solar cells via a sequential deposition method. 相似文献
11.
Weihua Ning Feng Wang Bo Wu Jun Lu Zhibo Yan Xianjie Liu Youtian Tao Jun‐Ming Liu Wei Huang Mats Fahlman Lars Hultman Tze Chien Sum Feng Gao 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2018,30(20)
Developing environmentally friendly perovskites has become important in solving the toxicity issue of lead‐based perovskite solar cells. Here, the first double perovskite (Cs2AgBiBr6) solar cells using the planar structure are demonstrated. The prepared Cs2AgBiBr6 films are composed of high‐crystal‐quality grains with diameters equal to the film thickness, thus minimizing the grain boundary length and the carrier recombination. These high‐quality double perovskite films show long electron–hole diffusion lengths greater than 100 nm, enabling the fabrication of planar structure double perovskite solar cells. The resulting solar cells based on planar TiO2 exhibit an average power conversion efficiency over 1%. This work represents an important step forward toward the realization of environmentally friendly solar cells and also has important implications for the applications of double perovskites in other optoelectronic devices. 相似文献
12.
Yuze Lin Bo Chen Fuwen Zhao Xiaopeng Zheng Yehao Deng Yuchuan Shao Yanjun Fang Yang Bai Chunru Wang Jinsong Huang 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2017,29(26)
Efficient wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells are needed to boost the efficiency of silicon solar cells to beyond Schottky–Queisser limit, but they suffer from a larger open circuit voltage (VOC) deficit than narrower bandgap ones. Here, it is shown that one major limitation of VOC in WBG perovskite solar cells comes from the nonmatched energy levels of charge transport layers. Indene‐C60 bisadduct (ICBA) with higher‐lying lowest‐unoccupied‐molecular‐orbital is needed for WBG perovskite solar cells, while its energy‐disorder needs to be minimized before a larger VOC can be observed. A simple method is applied to reduce the energy disorder by isolating isomer ICBA‐tran3 from the as‐synthesized ICBA‐mixture. WBG perovskite solar cells with ICBA‐tran3 show enhanced VOC by 60 mV, reduced VOC deficit of 0.5 V, and then a record stabilized power conversion efficiency of 18.5%. This work points out the importance of matching the charge transport layers in perovskite solar cells when the perovskites have a different composition and energy levels. 相似文献
13.
Qi Jiang Zema Chu Pengyang Wang Xiaolei Yang Heng Liu Ye Wang Zhigang Yin Jinliang Wu Xingwang Zhang Jingbi You 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2017,29(46)
Low temperature solution processed planar‐structure perovskite solar cells gain great attention recently, while their power conversions are still lower than that of high temperature mesoporous counterpart. Previous reports are mainly focused on perovskite morphology control and interface engineering to improve performance. Here, this study systematically investigates the effect of precise stoichiometry, especially the PbI2 contents on device performance including efficiency, hysteresis and stability. This study finds that a moderate residual of PbI2 can deliver stable and high efficiency of solar cells without hysteresis, while too much residual PbI2 will lead to serious hysteresis and poor transit stability. Solar cells with the efficiencies of 21.6% in small size (0.0737 cm2) and 20.1% in large size (1 cm2) with moderate residual PbI2 in perovskite layer are obtained. The certificated efficiency for small size shows the efficiency of 20.9%, which is the highest efficiency ever recorded in planar‐structure perovskite solar cells, showing the planar‐structure perovskite solar cells are very promising. 相似文献
14.
Amide‐Catalyzed Phase‐Selective Crystallization Reduces Defect Density in Wide‐Bandgap Perovskites
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Junghwan Kim Makhsud I. Saidaminov Hairen Tan Yicheng Zhao Younghoon Kim Jongmin Choi Jea Woong Jo James Fan Rafael Quintero‐Bermudez Zhenyu Yang Li Na Quan Mingyang Wei Oleksandr Voznyy Edward H. Sargent 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2018,30(13)
Wide‐bandgap (WBG) formamidinium–cesium (FA‐Cs) lead iodide–bromide mixed perovskites are promising materials for front cells well‐matched with crystalline silicon to form tandem solar cells. They offer avenues to augment the performance of widely deployed commercial solar cells. However, phase instability, high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) deficit, and large hysteresis limit this otherwise promising technology. Here, by controlling the crystallization of FA‐Cs WBG perovskite with the aid of a formamide cosolvent, light‐induced phase segregation and hysteresis in perovskite solar cells are suppressed. The highly polar solvent additive formamide induces direct formation of the black perovskite phase, bypassing the yellow phases, thereby reducing the density of defects in films. As a result, the optimized WBG perovskite solar cells (PSCs) (Eg ≈ 1.75 eV) exhibit a high Voc of 1.23 V, reduced hysteresis, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.8%. A PCE of 15.2% on 1.1 cm2 solar cells, the highest among the reported efficiencies for large‐area PSCs having this bandgap is also demonstrated. These perovskites show excellent phase stability and thermal stability, as well as long‐term air stability. They maintain ≈95% of their initial PCE after 1300 h of storage in dry air without encapsulation. 相似文献
15.
Polymer‐Passivated Inorganic Cesium Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskites for Stable and Efficient Solar Cells with High Open‐Circuit Voltage over 1.3 V
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Qingsen Zeng Xiaoyu Zhang Xiaolei Feng Siyu Lu Zhaolai Chen Xue Yong Simon A. T. Redfern Haotong Wei Haiyu Wang Huaizhong Shen Wei Zhang Weitao Zheng Hao Zhang John S. Tse Bai Yang 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2018,30(9)
Cesium‐based trihalide perovskites have been demonstrated as promising light absorbers for photovoltaic applications due to their superb composition stability. However, the large energy losses (Eloss) observed in inorganic perovskite solar cells has become a major hindrance impairing the ultimate efficiency. Here, an effective and reproducible method of modifying the interface between a CsPbI2Br absorber and polythiophene hole‐acceptor to minimize the Eloss is reported. It is demonstrated that polythiophene, deposited on the top of CsPbI2Br, can significantly reduce electron‐hole recombination within the perovskite, which is due to the electronic passivation of surface defect states. In addition, the interfacial properties are improved by a simple annealing process, leading to significantly reduced energy disorder in polythiophene and enhanced hole‐injection into the hole‐acceptor. Consequently, one of the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.02% from a reverse scan in inorganic mixed‐halide perovskite solar cells is obtained. Modifying the perovskite films with annealing polythiophene enables an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of up to 1.32 V and Eloss of down to 0.5 eV, which both are the optimal values reported among cesium‐lead mixed‐halide perovskite solar cells to date. This method provides a new route to further improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells by minimizing the Eloss. 相似文献
16.
Wu‐Qiang Wu Jin‐Feng Liao Yong Jiang Lianzhou Wang Dai‐Bin Kuang 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,15(16)
Ordered 1D metal oxide structure is desirable in thin film solar cells owing to its excellent charge collection capability. However, the electron transfer in 1D electron transporting layer (ETL)‐based devices is still limited to a submicrometer‐long pathway that is vertical to the substrate. Here, an innovative closely packed rutile TiO2 nanowire (CRTNW) network parallel to the facet of fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate is reported, which can serve as a 1D nanoscale electron transport pathway for efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The PSC constructed using newly prepared CRTNW ETL achieves an impressive power conversion efficiency of 21.10%, which can be attributed to the facilitated electron extraction induced by the favorable junctions formed at FTO/ETL and ETL/perovskite interfaces and also the suppressed charge recombination originating from improved perovskite morphology with large grains, flat surface, and good surface coverage. The bifacial contact junctions engineering also enables large‐area device fabrication. The PSC with 1 cm2 aperture yields an efficiency of 19.50% under one sun illumination. This work highlights the significance of controlling the orientation and packing density of the ordered 1D oxide nanostructured thin films for highly efficient optoelectronic devices in a large‐scale manner. 相似文献
17.
Min‐Jae Choi YongJoo Kim Hunhee Lim Erkki Alarousu Aniruddha Adhikari Basamat S. Shaheen Yong Ho Kim Omar F. Mohammed Edward. H. Sargent Jin Young Kim Yeon Sik Jung 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2019,31(32)
Solution‐processed colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are attractive materials for the realization of low‐cost and efficient optoelectronic devices. Although impressive CQD‐solar‐cell performance has been achieved, the fabrication of CQD films is still limited to laboratory‐scale small areas because of the complicated deposition of CQD inks. Large‐area, uniform deposition of lead sulfide (PbS) CQD inks is successfully realized for photovoltaic device applications by engineering the solute redistribution of CQD droplets. It is shown experimentally and theoretically that the solute‐redistribution dynamics of CQD droplets are highly dependent on the movement of the contact line and on the evaporation kinetics of the solvent. By lowering the friction constant of the contact line and increasing the evaporation rate of the droplets, a uniform deposition of CQD ink in length and width over large areas is realized. By utilizing a spray‐coating process, large‐area (up to 100 cm2) CQD films are fabricated with 3–7% thickness variation on various substrates including glass, indium tin oxide glass, and polyethylene terephthalate. Furthermore, scalable fabrication of CQD solar cells is demonstrated with 100 cm2 CQD films which exhibits a notably high efficiency of 8.10%. 相似文献
18.
Efat Jokar Cheng‐Hsun Chien Cheng‐Min Tsai Amir Fathi Eric Wei‐Guang Diau 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2019,31(2)
The stability of a tin‐based perovskite solar cell is a major challenge. Here, hybrid tin‐based perovskite solar cells in a new series that incorporate a nonpolar organic cation, guanidinium (GA+), in varied proportions into the formamidinium (FA+) tin triiodide perovskite (FASnI3) crystal structure in the presence of 1% ethylenediammonium diiodide (EDAI2) as an additive, are reported. The device performance is optimized at a precursor ratio (GAI:FAI) of 20:80 to attain a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.5% when prepared freshly; the efficiencies continuously increase to attain a record PCE of 9.6% after storage in a glove‐box environment for 2000 h. The hybrid perovskite works stably under continuous 1 sun illumination for 1 h and storage in air for 6 days without encapsulation. Such a tin‐based perovskite passes all harsh standard tests, and the efficiency of a fresh device, 8.3%, is certified. The great performance and stability of the device reported herein attains a new milestone for lead‐free perovskite solar cells on a path toward commercial development. 相似文献
19.
Weihai Zhang Juan Xiong Jinhua Li Walid A. Daoud 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,16(24)
All‐inorganic CsPbIBr2 perovskite has recently received growing attention due to its balanced band gap and excellent environmental stability. However, the requirement of high‐temperature processing limits its application in flexible devices. Herein, a low‐temperature seed‐assisted growth (SAG) method for high‐quality CsPbIBr2 perovskite films through reducing the crystallization temperature by introducing methylammonium halides (MAX, X = I, Br, Cl) is demonstrated. The mechanism is attributed to MA cation based perovskite seeds, which act as nuclei lowering the formation energy of CsPbIBr2 during the annealing treatment. It is found that methylammonium bromide treated perovskite (Pvsk‐Br) film fabricated at low temperature (150 °C) shows micrometer‐sized grains and superior charge dynamic properties, delivering a device with an efficiency of 10.47%. Furthermore, an efficiency of 11.1% is achieved for a device based on high‐temperature (250 °C) processed Pvsk‐Br film via the SAG method, which presents the highest reported efficiency for inorganic CsPbIBr2 solar cells thus far. 相似文献
20.
Yumin Ye Dominick J. Bindl Robert M. Jacobberger Meng‐Yin Wu Susmit Singha Roy Michael S. Arnold 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,10(16):3299-3306
Using a novel two‐step fabrication scheme, we create highly semiconducting‐enriched single‐walled carbon nanotube (sSWNT) bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) by first creating highly porous interconnected sSWNT aerogels (sSWNT‐AEROs), followed by back‐filling the pores with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). We demonstrate sSWNT‐AERO structures with density as low as 2.5 mg cm?3, porosity as high as 99.8%, and diameter of sSWNT fibers ≤10 nm. Upon spin coating with PC71BM, the resulting sSWNT‐AERO‐PC71BM nanocomposites exhibit highly quenched sSWNT photoluminescence, which is attributed to the large interfacial area between the sSWNT and PC71BM phases, and an appropriate sSWNT fiber diameter that matches the inter‐sSWNT exciton migration length. Employing the sSWNT‐AERO‐PC71BM BHJ structure, we report optimized solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 1.7%, which is exceptional among polymer‐like solar cells in which sSWNTs are designed to replace either the polymer or fullerene component. A fairly balanced photocurrent is achieved with 36% peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) in the visible and 19% peak EQE in the near‐infrared where sSWNTs serve as electron donors and photoabsorbers. Our results prove the effectiveness of this new method in controlling the sSWNT morphology in BHJ structures, suggesting a promising route towards highly efficient sSWNT photoabsorbing solar cells. 相似文献