Characterization of hydrogen charging of 2205 duplex stainless steel and its correlation with hydrogen‐induced cracking

The effect of various experimental conditions (i.e., hydrogen charging current density, charging time, solution concentration, and temperature) on the embrittlement and cracking susceptibility of 2205 duplex stainless steel was studied by electrochemical hydrogen charging and slow strain rate tests. The results showed that the choice of the experimental conditions had obvious effect on the hydrogen concentration in the specimens. A relationship between the embrittlement and hydrogen charging conditions was established by the investigation of the fracture morphology. Under the free‐charging condition, the fracture surfaces were characteristic of dimples, while on the condition of the dynamic hydrogen charging, the hydrogen‐induced fracture showed the appearance of cleavage. Further examination of fracture cracks confirmed that the ferrite phase acts as a preferential path for crack propagation.     

Mechanistic study of stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel in ethanol

Mechanistic study of stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel in fuel‐grade ethanol was made using slow strain rate testing and constant tensile load testing at yield strength stress level of the steels. Characterization of the fracture surface was made using SEM and SEM–EDS. Selective dissolution of ferrite from pearlite phase was observed. Crack initiation took place preferably from pearlite phase. Corroded zones consisting of crystallographic pits were found from fracture surfaces.     

应变速率对管线钢近中性pH值环境敏感开裂的影响

以X-70管线钢近中性pH值溶液(NS4和实际土壤溶液)为研究对象,研究了恒载荷、慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT) 和循环蓑荷等不同条件下的环境开裂行为.结果表明,在该体系中局部应变速率是联系各种不同断裂过程的纽带,决定着断裂的模式.当该局部应变速率低于发生应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)敏感局部应变速率的上限(即5×10-5 s-1)时, SCC才能够发生;在循环载荷作用下,当该局部应变速率高于此上限时,将发生力学因素起主导作用的腐蚀疲劳(CF)开裂;该局部应变速率继续升高时,将发生机械断裂.对X-70管线钢在近中性pH值的环境开裂,不论开裂过程是溶解或(和)氨的作用占主导,均受局部应变速率控制.在通常遇到的现场服役条件下, X-70管线钢在近中性pH值溶液中的开裂模式是SCC,不是CF,应称之为“近中性pH值应变促进腐蚀开裂”,实质上这是一种由局部应变速率决定的环境开裂行为.     

Optimization of corrosion protection potential for stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement of 5083-H112 alloy in seawater

We report on the optimum corrosion protection potential range for stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement of 5083-H112 Al alloy specimens using electrochemical methods and slow strain rate testing (SSRT) in seawater. In the results of the cathodic polarization curve, the concentration polarization due to dissolved oxygen reduction reaction correspondeds to a protection potential of OCP≈ −1.55 V. However, a potential of −1.2 V in the SSRT showed little effect of atomic hydrogen evolution. Potentials less than −1.6 V are affected by atomic and molecular hydrogen. We thus concluded that the effect of atomic hydrogen predominates. Overall, the optimum corrosion protection range for SCC and hydrogen embrittlement of 5083-H112 seems to be between −0.9 V and −0.7 V.     

300M超高强钢在中性盐雾环境中的腐蚀行为及机制

采用双悬臂（DCB）试样和恒载荷拉伸应力腐蚀试验,研究环境介质及充氢时间对40CrNi2Si2MoVA超高强度钢应力腐蚀行为的影响作用。结果表明：40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢DCB试样在不同溶液介质中产生的应力腐蚀裂纹易在预制裂纹尖端出现分叉,且在生长过程中与预制裂纹轴线方向的夹角不断增大,最后趋近垂直于预制裂纹;Cl⁻比SO₄²⁻对40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢应力腐蚀的影响更大,能更加明显地加速裂纹的萌生扩展;随充氢时间的增加,40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢断裂时间缩短,材料的塑性降低、脆性增加,断裂逐渐由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂。     

Corrosion failure of marine steel in sea‐mud containing sulfate reducing bacteria

The corrosion failure behavior of marine steel is affected by stress, which exists in offshore structures at sea‐mud region. The sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sea‐mud made the steel more sensitive to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and weaken the corrosion fatigue endurance. In this paper, a kind of natural sea‐mud containing SRB was collected. Both SCC tests by slow strain rate technique and corrosion fatigue tests were performed on a kind of selected steel in sea‐mud with and without SRB at corrosion and cathodic potentials. After this, the electrochemical response of static and cyclic stress of the specimen with and without cracks in sea‐mud was analyzed in order to explain the failure mechanism. Hydrogen permeation tests were also performed in the sea‐mud at corrosion and cathodic potentials. It is concluded that the effect of SRB on environment sensitive fracture maybe explained as the consequences of the acceleration of SRB on corrosion rate and hydrogen entry into the metal.     

Microstructure and stress corrosion cracking in simulated heat-affected zones of duplex stainless steels

The effects of nitrogen content and the cooling rate on the reformation of austenite in the Gleeble simulated heat-affected zone (HAZ) of 2205 duplex stainless steels (DSSs) were investigated. The variation of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior in the HAZ of 40 wt% CaCl₂ solution at 100 °C was also studied. Grain boundary austenite (GBA), Widmanstatten austenite (WA), intergranular austenite (IGA) and partially transformed austenite (PTA) were present in the HAZ. The types and amounts of these reformed austenites varied with the cooling rate and nitrogen content in the DSS. U-bend tests revealed that pitting corrosion and selective dissolution might assist the crack initiation, while the types and amounts of reformed austenite in the HAZ affected the mode of crack propagation. The presence of GBA was found to promote the occurrence of intergranular stress corrosion cracking. WA, IGA and PTA were found to exhibit a beneficial effect on SCC resistance by deviating the crack propagation path.     

堆内构件304L焊接件在除氧和氯离子环境中的应力腐蚀开裂研究

采用高温高压慢应变速率拉伸试验方法(SSRT),研究了在除氧环境下不同浓度氯离子对304L焊接件在模拟一回路高温高压硼锂水介质中氯致应力腐蚀开裂的影响。结果表明:当氯离子浓度为1 mg/L时,其各项力学性能指标与惰性氮气空白样一致,表明在低浓度氯离子除氧条件下,304L焊接件没有应力腐蚀敏感性。随着氯离子含量(1~50mg/L)的增加,304L焊接件应力腐蚀敏感指数变化呈增加趋势。断口侧面没有观察到明显的裂纹,氯离子浓度越低,断口缩颈现象越明显,表明主要是机械断裂。氯离子浓度较高时,棱角部分出现微裂纹源,可能与棱角部分应力更为集中相关。所有样品的断裂位置都在焊缝和热影响区,在焊缝和热影响区发生了巨大的形变,离断口越近,变形越严重。焊接部位是304L堆内构件中薄弱环节,应该成为应力腐蚀开裂和其他性能检测的重点部位。     

Stress corrosion cracking of explosion welded steel‐aluminum joints

The article presents the test results of stress corrosion resistance of explosion welded steel‐aluminum elements. The tests were carried out by means of the slow strain rate test (10^?6 s^?1) in air and artificial sea water. The following parameters were measured: tensile strength, time‐to‐failure and destructive energy. The tested explosion welded joints show susceptibility to degradation of properties in the corrosive environment. Galvanic corrosion is the main reason of degradation of the measured values. Another mechanism of explosion welded joints' destruction was found in air and artificial sea water. The tests of the explosion welded elements in the fast flow of sea water showed substantial galvanic corrosion.     

Hydrogen-increased dezincification layer-induced stress and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking of brass

1　INTRODUCTIONDuringstresscorrosioncracking (SCC )con trolledbyanodicdissolution ,apassivefilmordezinci ficationlayerformsonthesurface[1] .Experimentalresultsexhibitedthatafoilofα Tiorbrasswithoneendfixedandanothersideprotectedwithaprotectivelayerformedonitwasconcaveduringcorrosioninamethanolandanammoniasolutions ,respective ly[2 ,3] .Thismeansthatatensilestressexistsontheinterfacebetweenthepassivefilmordezincificationlayerandthematrix [2 ,3] .Extensiveexperimentsshowedthatthedependenc…     

Environmental cracking behavior of submerged arc-welded supermartensitic stainless steel weldments

Supermartensitic stainless steel welds produced by submerged are welding were assessed for their microstructure and properties. Slow strain rate tests conducted on these specimens revealed that both the parent material and the weld metals are susceptible to cracking under conditions of hydrogen (H) charging.     

热处理对2519铝合金应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响

通过慢应变速率拉伸测试、扫描电镜及透射电镜分析等研究了2519铝合金在T6、T8热处理状态下,在空气和3.5%(质量分数)的NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为,研究了应变速率对2519铝合金SCC行为的影响。结果表明:同一热处理状态下,2519铝合金在3.5%的NaCl溶液中应力腐蚀开裂敏感性高于干燥空气中;在应变速率为1.33×10-5s-1时,其SCC敏感性比应变速率为6.66×10-5s-1时的敏感性大;同一应变速率下,T6状态比T8状态SCC敏感性大,T8状态时抗应力腐蚀性能比T6状态时好。     

Effect of pre-deformation on the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of aluminum alloy 2519

The effects of pre-deformation and strain rate on the stress corrosion cracking （SCC） behavior of aluminum alloy 2519 in air and in 3.5% NaCI water solution were investigated by means of slow strain rate tension （SSRT）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results indicate that the alloy is susceptible to SCC in 3.5% NaCI water solution and not in air. At the same pre-deformation, the alloy is more susceptible to SCC at 1.33 × 10^-5 s^-1 than at 6.66 × 10^-5 s^-1. Moreover, it is more susceptible to SCC at free pre-deformation than at 10% pre-deformation at the same strain rate. The number of 0 precipitated along the grain boundaries is reduced and distributed discontinuously, at the same time, the precipitate-free zones （PFZ） become narrow and the susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking is reduced after 10% pre-deformation.     

Effect of cathodic polarization and sulfate reducing bacteria on mechanical properties of different steels in synthetic sea water

At the slow strain rate tensile tests done using the specially designed facility, the decrease in the elongation to fracture, reduction of area, fracture energy and no effect on the strength have been stated for the low alloy ferrite‐pearlite and sorbite steels, polarized in synthetic sea water at potentials corresponding to the cathodic protection (? 800 to ? 1400 mV_SCE). Presence of SRB promotes the plasticity loss, being especially pronounced at potentials ? 1100 to ? 1200 mV_SCE. At higher cathodic polarization, the plasticity estimated in inoculated and in sterile water equalizes. The effects have been correlated with the contents of absorbed and of permeable hydrogen. The promotion of hydrogen charging and the plasticity loss by SRB at the low and medium applied cathodic polarization has been accounted for the observed production of S^?2 ions and inhibition of deposit formation. The negligible effect of SRB at the high cathodic polarization has been suggested to be a result of the suppression the SRB growth due to the high alkalization of the near surface solution. The same amount of hydrogen produces the less detrimental effect on the sorbite than on the ferrite‐pearlite steel. However, at the similar cathodic polarization, the sorbite steel absorbs the highest amount of hydrogen and reveals the most pronounced degradation. Cathodic protection of constructions subjected to the action of SRB in the sea water should provide the conditions, under which no fragment of marine construction could be polarized by potential corresponding to the maximum degradation of the plastic properties of steels (? 1100 to ? 1200 mV_SCE).