Compatibilizer Assistant SCF/ABS Composites with Improved Mechanical Properties Prepared by Fused Deposition Modeling

A random terpolymer copolymer of styrene, acrylonitrile and glycidyl methacrylate (SAG) was used as compatibilizer to improve the interfacial adhesion of short carbon fiber (SCF)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) composites. Effects of SAG on the structural and mechanical properties of fused deposition modeling (FDM) printed composites were investigated. The results showed the addition of SAG could effectively improve the interfacial adhesion between SCF and ABS matrix, whereas slightly decrease average length of SCF and degrade the adhesion quality among deposited filaments. As a result, the tensile and flexural properties of FDM printed composites initially increased and then decreased with the SAG content.     

Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of PA6 Blending with Talcum for Fused Deposition Modeling

The objective of this work is to fabricate polyamide 6 (PA6) composite filament with enhanced mechanical properties and low cost for fused deposition modeling (FDM). The composite filaments are obtained by compounding PA6 and talcum fillers and then single screw extruding. Virgin PA6 and commercial e‐PA6 are set as controls. First, the rheological behaviors and thermal properties of PA6/talc, PA6, and e‐PA6 pellet materials are investigated, including viscosity, melting temperature, crystallinity, and decomposition temperature, which are important parameters for fabricating filament feedstocks. The results show that 10 wt% addition of talcum content accelerates the increase of the viscosity among the processing temperature. Accordingly, virgin PA6 and PA6/talc5 with good flowability are produced and subsequently evaluated by tensile and flexural tests. It is notable that the introduction of talcum increases the diameter constant and shape stability of PA6‐based filament. Also, it is found that both PA6 and Pa6/talc5 filaments exhibit superior tensile properties to the commercial e‐PA6 counterparts. Especially, PA6/talc5 filaments achieve the maximum tensile yield strength of 67.1 MPa and modulus of 3.10 GPa. Finally, auxetic lattice parts are successfully printed via FDM using lab‐made PA6, PA6/talc5, and commercial e‐PA6 filaments, and PA6/talc5 exhibits remarkable loading and energy absorption capability.     

Fused Deposition Modeling of Polyolefins: Challenges and Opportunities

Polyolefins are the largest class of commercially available synthetic polymers that are extensively used in a variety of applications from commodities to engineering owing to their low cost of production, good physico-mechanical properties, light weight, good processability, and recyclability. Compared to conventional molding techniques, fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3D printing is a smart manufacturing technology for thermoplastics due to its low cost, ease of production of complex geometrical parts, rapid prototyping, and scalable customization. FDM 3D printing can be an ideal manufacturing technology for polyolefins to manufacture various complex parts. However, FDM 3D-printing of polyolefins is challenged bycritical printing problems like high warpage, dimensional inaccuracies, poor bed adhesion, and poor layer-to-layer adhesion. In this review, a fundamental understanding of polyolefins and their FDM 3D-printing process is established, and the recent progress of FDM 3D printing of polyolefins is summarized. Furthermore, strategies to overcome warpage and to improve mechanical strength of the 3D-printed polyolefins are provided. Finally, future prospectives of FDM 3D-printing of polyolefins are critically discussed to inspire prospective research in this field. It is believed that this review article can be tremendously useful for research work related to FDM of polyolefin-based materials.     

熔融沉积成型聚醚醚酮热处理工艺对力学性能影响

利用正交试验方法研究了热处理工艺参数对熔融沉积成型聚醚醚酮(PEEK)试样力学性能的影响.对保温温度、升温速率和保温时间影响因素下PEEK试样的力学性能进行对比分析,研究现有条件下最优热处理工艺参数.采用差示扫描量热法测试典型PEEK试样的结晶度,通过微米X射线三维成像系统扫描典型PEEK试样三维CT数据并使用VG S...     

熔融沉积方式对PLA/TPU体系冲击性能的影响

以聚乳酸(PLA)为基体、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)为改性剂,采用熔融共混法通过双螺杆挤出造粒,并经线材机制得直径为(1.75±0.05)mm的三维（3D）打印线材,再进行熔融沉积成型(FDM)为PLA/TPU 3D打印制品。通过摆锤式冲击试验机、扫描电子显微镜等仪器设备研究了相形态（TPU含量）和沉积方式对PLA/TPU体系冲击性能的影响。结果表明,TPU的加入使PLA冲击韧性增强,提高幅度为631.0 %;熔融沉积方式对PLA/TPU共混体系缺口冲击强度有显著的影响,其中45 °/45 °时冲击强度较高,提高幅度为101.9 %;该研究可以为设计FDM模式的3D打印工艺参数提供科学依据。     

基于正交实验的熔融沉积成型工艺参数的优化

采用商用聚乳酸（PLA）线材作为熔融沉积成型(FDM)打印材料,以拉伸强度和冲击强度为优化指标,设计正交试验,从分层厚度、打印速度、喷嘴温度、填充角度等元素探究成型工艺参数对FDM打印制件力学性能的影响。利用极差分析法,考察了各工艺参数对制件力学性能的影响情况,通过综合评分法和综合平衡法,获得了最优成型工艺参数组合并验证试验结果正确性。结果表明,分层厚度为0.3 mm,打印速度为90 mm/s,喷嘴温度为220 ℃,填充角度为45 °/45 °时,FDM制件的力学性能最优。     

PP/PET/MFIAA/HET原位成纤复合材料的力学性能与熔体流动性

研究了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）含量、基体性质、成型加工温度对橡纤混杂型PP/PET/多功能界面活化剂（MFIAA）/高效增韧剂（HET）原位成纤复合材料力学性能和熔体流动性的影响。结果表明,MFC、HET用量不变,PET含量增大,微纤的数量增加,长径比增大,复合材料的刚性提高,韧性有所降低;基体PP的熔体流动速率增大,有利于PET微纤在制品中的保持,基体熔体流动速率为16.2 g/10min时,复合材料的缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲模量分别达到原料PP的3.49倍、99 %和1.73倍,韧性显著提高的同时刚性保持率也很高;受熔体流动性和分散相形态的双重控制,PP/PET/MFIAA/HET较为适宜的成型加工温度为（200±10） ℃。PET微纤是造成PP/PET/MFIAA/HET流动阻抗增加的主要原因,随着PET含量的增大,复合材料的熔体流动性急剧降低。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of (TiB2 + SiC) Reinforced Ti3SiC2 Composites Synthesized by In Situ Hot Pressing

Fully dense (TiB₂ + SiC) reinforced Ti₃SiC₂ composites with 15 vol% TiB₂ and 0–15 vol% SiC were designed and synthesized by in situ reaction hot pressing. The increase in SiC content promoted densification and significantly inhibited the growth of Ti₃SiC₂ grains. The in situ incorporated TiB₂ and SiC reinforcements showed columnar and equiaxed grains, respectively, providing a strengthening–toughening effect by the synergistic action of particulate reinforcement, grain's pulling out, “self‐reinforcement,” crack deflection, and grain refining. A maximum bending strength of 881 MPa and a fracture toughness of 9.24 MPam^1/2 were obtained at 10 vol% SiC. The Vickers hardness of the composites increased monotonously from 9.6 to 12.5 GPa.     

增塑剂对聚乳酸/热塑性淀粉共混物结构与性能的影响

采用柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC)、聚乙二醇(PEG)增塑聚乳酸(PLA)/热塑性淀粉(TPS)共混体系,调节PLA的流变性能,改善PLA与TPS相容性、熔融共混特性和共混物的微观结构和力学性能.结果表明:TBC的改性效果比PEG更佳;TBC能增加TPS分散均匀性,相分散尺寸明显变小;TBC改性PLA/TPS的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率明显提高.吸水率较小.     

Mechanical Properties and Morphology of UHMWPE/PC/HDPE-g-MAH Blends

The blends of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), polycarbonate (PC) compatibilized by using a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) grafted with maleic anhydride (MAH), HDPE-g-MAH, were processed by melt extrusion. Two grafting degree of HDPE-g-MAH, 0.5% and 1.2%, were separately prepared by melt-graft and solution-graft methods. The grafting degree of HDPE-g-MAH shows a significant role in enhancing tensile strength of the blends. The compatibilization mechanism of HDPE-g-MAH in the blends analyzed by FTIR indicates that a new grafting product, HDPE-g-PC, was in situ formed. The improvement of phase interface between UHMWPE and PC by addition of HDPE-g-MAH was observed by SEM.     

埃洛石增强聚乳酸复合材料的力学性能及热稳定性能研究

通过共混的方法制备了聚乳酸（PLA）和埃洛石（HNT）复合材料,并研究了HNT添加量对PLA/HNT复合材料的力学性能、热性能及微观形貌的影响。结果表明,HNT对PLA具有显著的增强效果,PLA/HNT复合材料的力学性能有很大的提高,且在HNT用量为8 %时达到最佳的力学性能;但是,HNT的加入使PLA/HNT复合材料的断裂伸长率和冲击强度均有所下降;此外,HNT的加入提高了复合材料的相对结晶度和熔融温度,同时PLA/HNT复合材料的热稳定性也得到了较大的提高;PLA/HNT复合材料的断面形貌显示,复合材料的断面形貌逐渐从粗糙变得平整,复合材料从韧性断裂逐渐转变为脆性断裂。     

PET/PTT共混体系的相容特性及力学性能研究

通过熔融共混法制备了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)与聚对苯二甲酸醇酯(PTT)的共混物,采用差示扫描量热仪、动态热机械分析仪、万能电子试验机等对共混体系的热性能、动态力学性能及拉伸性能进行了测试。测得PET/PTT共混体系只有1个玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和损耗峰,表明在非晶区完全相容,其中纯PET的Tg为84℃,纯PTT的Tg低于50℃; 而双重熔融峰及热结晶峰宽化现象的出现表明,共混体系在晶区是部分相容,各组分倾向于分别进行有序化排列、单独结晶,其中纯PET的熔点为256℃,纯PTT的熔点为229 ℃;共混体系的拉伸模量和拉伸强度随PTT含量的增加呈上升趋势;但当共混比例接近时体系的拉伸模量和拉伸强度有所下降,共混比为5/5时的拉伸模量和拉伸强度分别低达1098MPa和51MPa。     

Novel Polyamide 6/Polystyrene In Situ Microfibrillar Blends Prepared by Anionic Polymerization of ε‐Caprolactam via Reactive Extrusion

In this study, polyamide 6/polystyrene in situ microfibrillar blends are prepared via anionic polymerization of ε‐caprolactam in a twin screw extruder. Scanning electron microscope analysis reveals that microfibrillated PA6 dispersed phase, which is continuous and preferentially oriented parallel to the extrusion direction, is in situ formed within polystyrene (PS) matrix during reactive extrusion at the content PS equal to 30 and 40 wt%. Mechanical properties analysis shows that the yield strength and elongation at break of PA6/PS (70/30 and 60/40) microfibrillar blends are remarkably increased with respect to those of pure PS. Also, the in situ fibrillation mechanisms are investigated by the analysis of morphological evolution. This work demonstrates a facile and efficient route to fabricate the microfibrillar blends with relatively high contents of polymer microfibrils.

     

Mechanical and Processing Properties of Polystyrene-(Styrene Butadiene) Blends

Abstract

Blends of Polystyrene-(Styrene Butadiene) rubber copolymers were prepared in a twin screw extruder and then injected. The samples were characterized by various techniques and their properties compared to those of a sample with 0% rubber content. The results show that the morphology of the segregated phases in the blends as well as the chemical architecture of the rubber phase have a definite influence on the mechanical and rheological properties of these materials.     

POE接枝衣康酸增容PA6/POE共混物性能及形态研究

以衣康酸（ITA）为接枝单体,采用双螺杆挤出机和熔融接枝技术制备了一系列乙烯-辛烯共聚物接枝物（POE-g-ITA）,通过红外光谱对接枝物的结构进行了表征,研究了引发剂和单体用量对POE-g-ITA接枝率和熔体流动速率的影响,当POE/ITA/过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）=94/6/0.36时,接枝率达到1.36 %;通过双螺杆挤出机将相容剂POE-g-ITA引入到聚酰胺6/乙烯-辛烯共聚物（PA6/POE）共混物中,研究了共混物的力学性能和形态结构。结果表明,加入5份（质量份数,下同）POE-g-ITA后,PA 6/POE共混物的冲击强度提高到纯PA 6的12.78倍,PA6与POE两相界面变得模糊,分散相尺寸明显减小,界面相互作用明显增强,相容性得到显著提高。     

PA66／TLCP原位复合材料的热性能、形貌及力学性能研究

通过挤出和注射成型制备了聚酰胺66／热致液晶聚酰胺（PA66／FLCP）原位复合材料，研究了其热性能、形貌及力学性能。DSC分析表明，PA66和TLCP相容性较好，随着TLCP含量的增加，PA66的结晶度、结晶速率下降；SEM分析表明，TLCP在PA66基体中分散均匀，两相相容性较好，当加入10％（质量分数，下同）的TLCP时，TLCP形成长径比比较大的纤维；拉伸试验结果表明，当加入TLCP后，PA66的力学性能有明显的改善。当加入10％的TLCP时，共混物的力学性能增幅最大，拉伸强度增加79．6％，拉伸模量增加120．4％，断裂伸长率明显下降。     

聚氨酯／聚磷酸胺体系的阻燃及力学性能

应用热重量分析,水平燃烧,应力－应变和扫描电镜等实验手段,研究了聚氨酯／聚磷酸胺（ＰＵ／ＰＰＡ）体系的热分解特性以及阻燃和力学性能,实验结果表明,随阻燃剂ＰＰＡ添加量的增加,ＰＵ的热分解峰明显地移向 温,并与阻燃机理有关,在ＰＵ中加入ＰＰＡ可显著改善ＰＵ的阻燃性能,但同时也使的力不性强度明显下降。     

聚酰胺类热塑性弹性体含量对PLLA/三元聚酰胺共混物形态和性能的影响

以聚酰胺类热塑性弹性体（TPAE）为增容剂增容左旋聚乳酸（PLLA）与三元聚酰胺共混物,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、差热扫描量热仪（DSC）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）等研究了TPAE含量对PLLA/三元聚酰胺（70/30,质量比,下同）共混物的形态、力学性能和热性能的影响。力学性能研究结果表明,添加TPAE后,PLLA/三元聚酰胺共混物的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、缺口冲击强度显著提高,TPAE含量为5份时,共混物的断裂伸长率为370 %,缺口冲击强度为90 J/m,拉伸强度为39 MPa;SEM分析表明,添加TPAE后,共混物中三元聚酰胺相的粒径显著变小;DSC与XRD分析结果表明,TPAE含量对PLLA/三元聚酰胺共混物的熔融行为和结晶行为无明显影响,而共混物拉伸后,其结晶度显著提高。     

Tribological,Mechanical Properties,and Morphology of Polyphenylene Oxide/Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Blends

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene-g-polystyrene was synthesized as a compatibilizer through a suspension-grafting copolymerization method. Various weight ratios of polyphenylene oxide/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene-g-polystyrene/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene blends were prepared by extruding, and mechanical properties, morphology as well as tribological behavior were investigated. Tensile strength, flexural strength, and Rockwell hardness increased with the increasing of the compatibilizer. Impact strength and antiwear properties of the blends were improved significantly by contrast to those of pure polyphenylene oxide. The polyphenylene oxide/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene-g-polystyrene/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene blend of 90/10/0 compared with other ratios as an optimum ratio. In this case, the wear volume and friction coefficient of the blend were 2.6% of PPO and 45% lower than PPO, respectively.     

Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/ Polypropylene Blends

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polypropylene (PET/PP) were compounded and pelletized with a single-screw extruder. Standard ASTM tensile test specimens were made by injection moulding. The blends are stronger and stiffer than the plain PP specimens. The addition of a compatibilizer, EPOLENE E-43, is found to improve the strength and stiffness of the blends at loadings of 50% and 70% PET. At 10% PET loading, E-43 has the opposite effect of slightly reducing the tensile properties. All the blends are more brittle relative to either plain PET or PP. The addition of E-43 results in negligible improvement in the elongation at break. E-43 is also found to be an effective lubricant in improving the processability of the blends. The blends with E-43 added have lower viscosities and less shear-thinning characteristics than those without E-43. © 1997 SCI.