从丝素水溶液中再生的丝纤维的结构与性能

通过使用表面皿直接拉伸、毛细管重力纺丝和人工拉伸3种不同的成丝方法,从高浓度再生丝素水溶液中制得了丝纤维。用偏光显微镜观察了丝纤维的取向,用拉曼光谱仪和Instron拉力仪表征了丝纤维的结构和力学性能。结果发现,经毛细管剪切流动后再拉伸有利于再生丝性能的提高,所得的丝有较好的取向和较多的β折叠结构,力学性能也相对较好。剪切在丝纤维的成形过程中起重要的作用。     

蚕丝素蛋白及其应用

阐述了丝素蛋白的组成、结构、性质和制备方法 ,及其综合利用现状。丝素作为一种天然蛋白质在医学和食品等行业中的应用开发研究具有深远的意义。     

Acrylic polymer–silk fibroin blend fibers

Blends of acrylic polymer (containing acrylonitrile 91.7%, methyl acrylate 7%, and sodium methyl propenyl sulfonate 1.3% [wt %], denoted as PAC) with silk fibroin (SF) were studied in the form of drawn fibers with varied compositions. The strength, elongation, and specific work of rupture of the blend fibers decrease with increase of the SF content, whereas the modulus has a slight increase up to 20% (wt) SF and then decreases. With the addition of up to 30% (wt %) SF in the PAC matrix, the moisture absorption increases from 2.06 to 6.2% in comparison with the PAC. Scanning electron microscopy studies show that the blend fibers have a sheath–core structure, with SF mainly in the sheath and PAC in the core. FTIR, ATR, and X-ray diffraction results of the blend fibers are also presented. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:959–966, 1997     

丝素共混膜在化妆品保湿效果评价中的应用初探

利用皮肤水分含量测试仪和水分散失测定仪,对添加不同质量分数甘油的保湿化妆品作用前后丝素共混膜的水分含量值（MMV）和经表皮水分散失值（TEWL）进行测定,以人体试验为参比,创造性地探索丝素共混膜在化妆品保湿效果评价中的应用价值,并对保湿类化妆品中保湿剂的最佳添加量做出指导。结果发现,丝素共混膜模拟体系的试验结果和人体试验具有相似的趋势,以其作为化妆品保湿效果评价的人体替代试验具有一定的可能性。     

Comparison of three-dimensional printing for fabricating silk fibroin-blended scaffolds

In this study, two types of scaffolds were fabricated by 3D printing. Morphology, physical properties, biochemical were evaluated. Cell morphology and distribution were observed. It was found that the silk fibroin/collagen (SF/C) scaffold-based material had significantly higher values than the silk fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffold-based material. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the scaffolds revealed that the number of cells in the SF/C scaffold was higher. Cells grew well inside the SF/C scaffold as measured by scanning electron microscope. Reverse Transcriotion-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot showed that type II collagen and Sox9 can be found in SF/C scaffold. Therefore, the SF/C scaffold exhibited better overall performance compared with the SF/CS scaffold.     

Production of silk sericin/silk fibroin blend nanofibers

Silk sericin (SS)/silk fibroin (SF) blend nanofibers have been produced by electrospinning in a binary SS/SF trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solution system, which was prepared by mixing 20 wt.% SS TFA solution and 10 wt.% SF TFA solution to give different compositions. The diameters of the SS/SF nanofibers ranged from 33 to 837 nm, and they showed a round cross section. The surface of the SS/SF nanofibers was smooth, and the fibers possessed a bead-free structure. The average diameters of the SS/SF (75/25, 50/50, and 25/75) blend nanofibers were much thicker than that of SS and SF nanofibers. The SS/SF (100/0, 75/25, and 50/50) blend nanofibers were easily dissolved in water, while the SS/SF (25/75 and 0/100) blend nanofibers could not be completely dissolved in water. The SS/SF blend nanofibers could not be completely dissolved in methanol. The SS/SF blend nanofibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and differential thermal analysis. FTIR showed that the SS/SF blend nanofibers possessed a random coil conformation and ß-sheet structure.     

聚乳酸/丝素共混膜的制备及其性能

用分子量为10万的聚乳酸（PLLA）对丝素膜进行改性,研究不同的聚乳酸加入量对丝素膜性能的影响,对聚乳酸/丝素共混膜进行了一系列表征。万能电子试验机的测试结果表明,经聚乳酸改性后,丝素膜的断裂强度,断裂伸长率有了较大的改善,当加入聚乳酸占丝素质量为5%时,丝素膜的强度可达到27.1 MPa,伸长率达4.4%; 改性后的丝素膜的亲水性有一定程度降低,溶失率则明显减小,透汽透湿性也有所提高;红外光谱测试表明,改性后的丝素膜含有较多的β构象成分。     

Compatibilization of acrylic polymer–silk fibroin blend fibers: 2. Morphology and mechanical properties of the compatilized blend fibers

Three synthesized acrylonitrile-graft-silk fibroin copolymers (AN-g-SF), denoted as COP-65, COP-87, and COP-106, were used as potential compatilizers for acrylic polymer–silk fibroin blend fibers. Due to their different molecular weights and architecture, the compatibilizing efficiency is in the order of COP-106 > COP-65 > COP-87. To maintain the “sheath-core” structure of the blend fiber, COP-65 was chosen as the compatilizer. It was found that the addition of a small amount of COP-65 (up to 2 wt %) results in finer and more even distribution of the SF fibrils. On the contrary, excess COP-65 will cause flocculation and coalescence of the SF phase. Similarly, mechanical properties are enhanced with an optimum amount of the compatilizers. However, when excess COP-65 is added, the mechanical properties of the blend fibers are even worse than that of the uncompatilized samples. The mechanism of these findings is also discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 2255–2264, 1999     

丝素蛋白在离子液体中的溶解特性研究

文章以离子液体为溶剂,研究了丝素蛋白在离子液体中的溶解特性。首先研究了丝素蛋白在不同结构的离子液体1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯化物（[AMIM]C1）和1-丁基-3_-甲基咪唑氯化物（[BMIM]c1）中的溶解速率和溶解度。结果发现,相同条件下,丝素蛋白在[AMIM]cl中具有较快的溶解速率和较大的溶解度;随温度的升高,溶解速度加快,合适的温度为95～105℃;随着丝素蛋白浓度的增大,相同条件下丝素蛋白在离子液体中的溶解速度减慢。XRD结果表明,丝素蛋白的非晶相部分首先被溶解,晶相部分结构被破坏后与溶剂作用逐渐被溶解。采用粘度法测定了丝素蛋白分子质量随溶解时间和温度的变化,结果表明：随加热时间增加和温度升高,蛋白质分子质量减小。为保证丝素蛋白的稳定性和溶解速率,温度一般控制在100℃以下,溶解时间小于5h。     

离子液体对丝素蛋白溶解性能的影响

合成了一系列碱性离子液体,其中离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑乙酸盐([Bmim]AC)对丝素蛋白具有良好的溶解性能。考察了丝素蛋白在该离子液体中的溶解特性及在离子液体中的溶解温度和溶解时间,结果表明,在75℃下,溶解840 min,该离子液体对丝素蛋白的溶解能力达到15%(质量分数)。XRD和FTIR分析表明,再生丝素蛋白的构象以α-螺旋为主,丝素蛋白在溶解过程中没有发生衍生化。因此,[Bmim]AC离子液体是丝素蛋白的优良溶剂。     

丝素/羧甲基壳聚糖复合材料的制备及其在丝绸文物加固中的应用

为了对脆弱丝绸文物进行保护修复,延长其寿命,本研究以丝素蛋白（SF）、羧甲基壳聚糖（CMCS）为原料,谷氨酰胺转氨酶为交联剂,制备丝素/羧甲基壳聚糖复合材料（SF/CMCS）,并将其应用于老化丝绸加固保护。选用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X-射线衍射仪（XRD）、测色配色分光光度计、扫描电镜（SEM）及伺服高低温控制拉伸机对老化丝绸加固前后效果进行表征。结果表明,与老化丝绸相比,SF/CMCS加固丝绸的颜色无明显变化,物理机械性能有明显提升,抗张强度和断裂伸长率分别提升了379.12%、14.12%%,且有一定的抗菌性。