关于“概念规划”方法的初步研究——以“广州城市总体发展概念规划”实践为例

“广州城市总体发展概念规划”实质上是针对广州城市发展所作的“概念性的战略规划”。在实践的基础上 ,本文讨论了有关的概念 ,归纳了区域分析、结构研究、目标———途径分析、多方案等方法 ,总结了“概念性的战略规划”的基本技术路线 ,并指出在我国重新启动区域规划编制的现实意义。     

析大都市区发展战略规划

大都市区发展战略规划是在经济全球化与政治管治模式转变两个大背景下产生的,是应对全球城市/区域竞争的重要手段。我国应完善城市规划编制体系和内容,赋予战略规划生机与活力;尽快制定更广泛、更长远的战略规划;提高公众参与的集体理性,保护规划编制的合理性;建立协调型的规划体制;进行针对性的重点问题规划,提高战略规划的效率。     

广州市城市规划编制体系的新探索

广州市已初步形成“战略规划→片区发展规划→分区规划→详细规划”的城市规划编制体系,并正在此基础上构建包括“区域协调规划→战略规划→片区发展规划→分区规划控制导则→修建设计”体系在内的“四阶段、五层次”的新的城市规划编制体系。     

广州市“十一五”规划与城市发展战略规划的比较研究

在编制城市发展规划的问题上,由发展计划部门编制的国民经济和社会发展十一五规划与规划部门编制的城市发展战略规划既有区别又有联系。目前,规划界对二者的关系尚未进行清晰和系统的研究。本文将从编制内容、组织实施、社会效应等多方面对城市发展战略规划与国民经济和社会发展十一五规划这两个分属不同体系的规划进行分析,并大胆预测了战略规划的发展方向。     

大都市郊县村镇体系规划研究——以广州增城市为例

目前,我国总体上进入了以工促农、以城带乡和统筹城乡一体化发展的阶段。虽然县域村镇体系规划取代了传统的城镇体系规划,但由于区位、文化和经济基础的千差万别,县域村镇体系规划的编制内容和方法还需要进一步探讨。基于此,研究在分析村镇体系规划演变和大都市郊县发展特征的基础上,以广州市郊县增城市为例,提出与县域资源禀赋、大都市发展战略规划、大都市战略性发展平台规划、战略性基础设施规划、土地利用总体规划以及农村居民点发展实际相协调的观点,以期在大都市郊县村镇体系规划编制方面做出一些有益探索。     

关于我国城市规划编制体系的思考与建议

基于建国以来国家规划编制体系发展历程的分析和发展逻辑的认识,结合南京市的实践,对现行规划编制体系和规划编制类型进行了深入剖析,在把握城市发展特点、城市发展动力机制和规划编制工作的性质三要素的基础上,提出城市战略规划、城镇总体规划、城镇控制性规划、详细规划四阶段的基本编制系列,构成规划编制体系的新框架.     

探索以实施为导向、以公共政策为引导手段的战略规划——以《广州2020:城市总体发展战略规划》为例

在比较国内外关于战略规划的研究与实践后,总结战略规划的主要特点与面临问题,结合广州市2000年以来关于战略规划的实践与探索,对战略规划的研究方法以及战略规划影响下的城乡规划体系展开初步的讨论,指出以实施为导向,以公共政策为引导手段以及构建战略规划支撑下的新型城乡规划编制体系是提高规划实效性和时效性,更好发挥规划对城市发展与建设宏观指导作用的有效途径.     

从战略规划与总体规划关系探讨两者技术改革

比较分析了战略规划与总体规划的概念特征及技术内容,并梳理城市发展战略规划的几种类型,认识战略规划在我国规划体系中的地位、作用。通过战略规划与总体规划互动的规划案例阐明两者互为支撑、互为补充的关系,提出强调两者的差异化发展有利于规划技术进步,战略规划应突出目标引导性,总体规划应加强综合控制性。     

城市发展战略规划与概念规划编制实践及优化思考

本文试图通过对战略与概念规划的历史沿革和特点进行总结,以英国、新加坡两国和广州、南京、杭州和珠海市的战略规划和概念规划实践项目进行特点归纳为出发点,对战略规划与概念规划的基本认识、实践特点和优化路径进行论述,着重描述其内容组成和技术特点,对其在编制办法、编制内容、编制程序等方面提出了相应的完善建议。     

2000年东京都市区战略规划评介

2000年日本东京进行了其都市区新一轮的规划编制,确立了新的发展战略规划以及未来发展的总体目标和战略。本文将通过对东京规划历史的回顾和对新一轮东京都市区战略规划编制内容的分析,比较本次东京都市区战略规划与中国概念规划的异同,借鉴其有益经验,得出对中国概念规划未来发展的启示。     

THE LIMITS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR CITIES

ABSTRACT: Developed in the private sector, strategic planning is rapidly being applied to cities. This article describes public sector strategic planning, places it in the history of urban planning and evaluates its goal orientation and effectiveness. Strategic planning is shown to be closely related to rational-comprehensive planning; as such, it is open to the same types of criticisms that have been leveled at rational planning reforms. At the same time, strategic planning is differentiated from traditional rational planning by its focus on future environmental trends. While external trends are important, the article concludes that they are rarely decisive for local policy making. Claiming to be a technique that can be used to support any goals, in practice, strategic planning often biases the planning agenda in favor of economic growth over other goals, such as redistribution of wealth or democratic participation. Strategic planning focuses on the effects of policies and is not concerned with the process of decision making; the values of democratic participation and checks and balances lie outside of the techniques of strategic planning. The article concludes that strategic planning is not wrong—simply incomplete. Strategic planning has a place, albeit a limited place, in democratic decision making.     

战略规划以何为据

本文探讨20世纪90年代以来在空间规划界越来越普遍的战略规划，及其与传统空间规划在目标、内容上的差异以及方法上的挑战。由于我们尚未对国内战略规划进行历史性的、系统性的、概括性的理论研究，本文主要是在专业实践过程中，基于经验与观察的初探与反省。我们认为，由于战略规划自身即是决策过程的一部分，战略规划在方法上需更多地基于对地方现况的有效分析，这需要能提供分析性架构的社会科学知识、能提供分析材料的开放流通的信息渠道以及有助于决策的公众讨论。     

地方政府行为变迁与城市战略规划演进

由于学科背景的差异,国内学者对于城市战略规划的认识存在诸多分歧。城市战略规划是"地方的事",要准确理解城市战略规划的起源、作用及其核心理论和方法论必须从地方政府行为特征入手。改革开放以后,随着国内外社会经济形势的变迁,我国地方政府已经经历了"企业经营型政府"和"城市经营型政府"两个阶段。与之相适应,我国城市战略规划也经历了产业主导和空间主导两个阶段。在当前经济社会面临重大转型和城市政府正在朝着"治理型政府"演进的时代背景下,我国的城市战略规划要以治理理论作为核心理论,积极推进城市战略规划从"政府主导"向"多元协调"转型、从"重结果"向"重过程"转型、从"宏伟叙事"向"嘘寒问暖"转型,使战略规划不仅真正成为凝聚社会各界的共同愿景,更要成为政府实现"善治"的政策平台和重要工具。     

Limits and potentials to deliberative engagement in highly regulated planning systems: Norm development within fixed rules

Planning practice requires ongoing interaction between regulatory “facts” and deliberative “norms”. Played out in local and strategic developments, “norms” are the agreed values and positions developed by advancing deliberative engagement of residents; while “facts” are the more rigid statutory procedures through which planning decisions are typically made. However, conflict arises between residents' groups and local government decision-makers when deliberative norms, now a key tenet of strategic planning processes, struggle to gain traction in the factual spaces provided by statutory planning regulations. A contentious planning process in St Kilda, Melbourne, Australia (concerning the redevelopment of a car park into a commercial and public space) highlights the challenges to deliberative engagement in highly-regulatory planning systems. Drawing on this contested case, this paper examines how the broader formal and relatively fixed framework of regulatory-based decision-making fails to support participatory principles, undermining both the desired communicative ethos and enduring collaborative outcomes and norm development. Specifically, the paper problematises tensions between residents' growing expectations for greater transparency and participation in planning, arising from a growing regard for deliberation in strategic planning, and the hegemonic nature of statutory planning that preserves planning control within the formal domain of government and the private sector.     

论城市规划的公共政策导向与依法行政

讨论城市规划的公共政策导向与依法行政的关系。宏观层面的、战略性阶段的规划,要突出政策性,清晰表述具体的政策目标和要求;实施性的规划,其主要属性应是“地方性法规”或“公共契约”。另一方面,城市规划施行与公共行政是密切联系在一起的,因而在城市规划的行政管理层面,要使既定的公共政策“制度化”,从而为“依法行政”提供前提条件。     

One Nation,Two Planning Systems? Spatial Planning and Multi-Level Policy Integration in Ghana: Mechanisms,Challenges and the Way Forward

Effective integration across policy domains and between spatial scales is indispensable in dealing with the inherently complex process of policy formulation and implementation at all levels. In this paper, we examine the key features of Ghana’s spatial planning system focusing on the mechanisms and challenges of policy integration in practice. We show that a combination of path dependence and recent reforms has inevitably created two distinctly separate planning systems: an established Development Planning System and a newly instituted Spatial Planning System. Under the established notion of the ‘spatial’ being distinctively separate from the ‘socio-economic’ in planning, these two systems deploy separate institutional and legal arrangements as well as policy instruments to accomplish the task of planning. Within this context, mechanisms to ensure effective policy integration were found to be weak and ineffective. Moreover, the absence of a tradition of strategic regional planning and a culture of strategic partnerships among local authorities, the lack of appropriate institutional arrangements and sustainable sources of finance and duplicitous institutional functions were the key barriers to effective integration within the new concept of hierarchical spatial planning. We argue that a new paradigm of integrated planning under a unified planning system is urgently needed as a pre-condition for effective multi-level policy integration. We suggest that some forms of institutional restructuring would be necessary to establish a tradition of integrated planning. Finally, we recommend the use of legally binding mechanisms to institutionalize and enforce a culture of strategic alliance among local governments in cross-cutting matters.     

重塑边界：总体规划改革与地方实践

现阶段总体规划实践面临众多困境,包括编制内容过多、编制时间过长、不适应实际管理需求等,大部分学者提出“减负”是当前总体规划的改革核心。在综合研究相关案例的基础上,提出当前总体规划面临的核心问题是“边界模糊”,这些模糊的边界包括中央与地方的事权边界、政府与市场的作用边界、城市人口规模预测的边界、规划区与中心城区的范围边界、部门之间的规划权利边界,以及大城市与小城市的内容边界。针对这些问题,地方政府通过编制其它规划来替代总体规划,包括战略规划、都市区规划、县域总体规划、三规合一规划等等。这些“规划替代”其实就是地方总体规划改革的一种创新,结合这些创新实践,认为未来总体规划改革的方向是要“重塑边界”,包括放权中央与地方的事权边界,明晰政府的刚性边界与市场弹性边界,模糊城市人口规模边界,扩大规划区与中心城区范围边界,统一部门之间规划边界、区分大城市与小城市的内容边界。     

浅析县级城市规划的编制与落实的政策及其策略

编制一项好的规划要有新的理念,要能够被赋予实施,如何落实规划,还要有一定的方法和策略,规划的实施不但是政府的责任,也是规划师的责任。文章针对县级城市规划的编制与落实进行相关性的探讨。     

基于可持续发展目标的战略规划——以宁波为例

可持续发展自提出至今已被广为接受和重视,但是如何将这一理念和目标转化到可操作层面,在城乡规划实践中加以系统贯彻和落实目前却仍未有定论。战略规划是城市政府制定的具有权威性的公共政策与纲领性文件,本文基于对可持续发展导向的战略规划框架的系统分析,探讨了在战略规划层面通过城市各发展子领域的可持续性综合集成实现城市整体层面的可持续发展,并以宁波2030城市发展战略为例,对可持续发展导向的战略规划进行了有益的实践探索。