Synthesis of lower olefins from dimethyl ether in the presence of zeolite catalysts modified with rhodium compounds

The catalytic properties of zeolite catalysts modified with rhodium compounds in the synthesis of olefins from dimethyl ether (DME) and methanol (MeOH) have been studied. The optimum concentration of rhodium in the composition of a zeolite catalyst has been determined. It has been shown that one of the possible precursors of ethylene in the conversion of DME is ethanol, which, under reaction conditions, can be formed through both the DME isomerization and methanol homologation stages.     

Influence of spectral and textural characteristics and acidity of MFI zeolite on activity of catalysts for dimethyl ether conversion to hydrocarbons

Comparative data obtained by studying the synthesis of С₅₊ hydrocarbons from dimethyl ether (DME) on catalysts using MFI zeolites available from different manufacturers are presented. It has been shown that MFI zeolite samples substantially differ in their acidic properties and structural, morphological, and textural characteristics. The catalysts based on different MFI zeolites also noticeable differ in the yield and chemical composition of С₅₊ hydrocarbons. By switching from the stand-alone operation of a DME conversion reactor to the joint operation of two reactors for synthesis of oxygenates (DME and/or methanol) from synthesis gas and synthesis of hydrocarbons from oxygenates connected by a single circuit, high selectivity for hydrocarbons of the gasoline fraction is achieved with the catalyst based on the MFI zeolite, for which the bands characteristic of Н₃О⁺ acid sites are observed in diffuse reflectance IR spectra.     

浆态床合成二甲醚的研究

考察了合成甲醇催化剂和甲醇脱水催化剂对于浆态床合成二甲醚反应的影响。结果表明 ,甲醇合成催化剂对于CO转化率和二甲醚的选择性都有一定的影响。甲醇催化剂对于合成二甲醚反应的活性顺序为 :HY >γ Al2 O3 >Hβ >HZSM 5 ,反应结果结合NH3 TPD表征 ,认为甲醇脱水生成二甲醚的反应是以弱酸中心为活性中心 ,在强弱酸中心的协同作用下进行的     

Effect of Feedstock and Gas Atmosphere Composition on Selectivity and Distribution of Hydrocarbon Groups in Gasoline Synthesis from Oxygenates

Gasoline has been synthesized from oxygenates (dimethyl ether and methanol) on a HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst, modified by palladium and zinc, in a micropilot unit operating in the continuous recycle flow mode. The influence of the gas atmosphere composition—synthesis gas, hydrogen, and methane—on the gasoline selectivity, and on-stream stability of the catalyst has been determined for dimethyl ether (DME) used as a feedstock. The hydrocarbon composition and the carbon distribution in the products have been compared using DME and methanol as the feedstock in the synthesis-gas atmosphere. It has been shown that the higher gasoline selectivity production in the case of methanol is due to the higher concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons, which is achieved by decreasing the intensity of their dealkylation.     

合成气低温合成二甲醚催化剂的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了Cu Zn Al甲醇合成催化剂,在此基础上采用机械混合法和共沉淀沉积法制备了Cu Zn Al/HZSM 5+Al2O3二甲醚合成催化剂。以BET、XRD、TPR和XRF对催化剂进行了表征并采用高压微反对催化剂活性进行了评价。结果表明,所制备的Cu Zn Al甲醇合成催化剂同Topse公司的MK 101商业甲醇合成催化剂相比,前者具有更高的低温催化活性和稳定性。采用共沉淀沉积法制备的催化剂对于二甲醚合成的活性明显高于机械混合法制备的催化剂。以HZSM 5与酸性Al2O3(质量比4/1)作为复合脱水组分,当w(Cu Zn Al)/w(HZSM 5+Al2O3)=3 6时,以共沉淀沉积法制备的催化剂对于二甲醚合成具有高活性,特别是低温活性明显高于机械混合法制备的催化剂。     

A SINGLE-STAGE, LIQUID-PHASE DIMETHYL ETHER SYNTHESIS PROCESS FROM SYNGAS III. DUAL CATALYST CRYSTAL GROWTH, DEACTIVATION, AND ACTIVITY CONSERVATION STUDIES

In the liquid phase dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis process, both the methanol synthesis catalyst )composed of CuO, ZnO, and Al₂O₃) and the methanol dehydration catalyst (composed of gamma-alumina) are slurried in the inert oil phase. Various long-term activity checks were conducted on these dual catalysts to characterize the crystal growth and the thermal aging behavior. X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and elemental intensity compositions, and the crystallite size distributions of the aged catalysts were examined. Based on the current investigation, it was established that the crystal growth and the catalyst deactivation problems in the methanol synthesis catalyst are less severe when it is used along with the methanol dehydration catalyst.     

Effect of Modified Zeolite on One-Step Process of DME Synthesis

Abstract

HZSM-5 zeolites modified by MgO, CaO, and ZnO were prepared by impregnation and bifunctional catalysts were prepared by modified HZSM-5 zeolites and JC207 catalyst (a catalyst for methanol synthesis, which has been industrialized in China). Evaluation of catalytic activity was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor. Results show, with proper basic oxide-modified zeolite, a Br?nsted acid site (strong acid sites) shift to Lewis acid site (weak acid sites). Weak and less strong acid sites on HZSM-5 zeolite are activity centers for the formation of dimethyl ether (DME), whereas strong acid sites for by products such as hydrocarbons. Consequently, the selectivity of CO₂ and hydrocarbons decrease, especially with zeolite modified by CaO.     

HZSM-5分子筛与铜基的复合催化剂上合成气制二甲醚

以ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛与铜基甲醇合成催化剂组成复合催化剂用于从合成气制二甲醚，以ＨＺＳＭ－分子筛替代γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３作脱水催化剂可降低复合催化剂的活性温度。在２５０～２６０℃，ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛复合的催化剂，其ＤＭＥ选择性、时空产率均高于γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３。甲醇合成催化剂与ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛配比为３∶２时，ＣＯ转化率、ＤＭＥ时空产率较高。不同甲醇合成催化剂只影响复合催化剂的ＣＯ转化率，不影响ＤＭＥ选择性。不同硅铝比的ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛对复合催化剂的ＤＭＥ选择性影响显著，当硅铝比从３２．７９增至５２．０９，ＤＭＥ选择性增大，ＭｅＯＨ、ＣＯ２选择性下降；当硅铝比从５２．０９增至７０．７０时，ＤＭＥ、ＭｅＯＨ、ＣＯ２选择性几乎不变。     

二甲醚水蒸气重整催化剂的研究

采用二甲醚水解活性组分与甲醇重整活性组分机械混合的方式,制备了一系列二甲醚水蒸气重整(DMESR)双功能催化剂。分别考察了不同二甲醚水解活性组分和甲醇重整活性组分对催化性能的影响,活性测试结果表明,γ-Al2O3是最佳二甲醚水解活性组分,CuMn复合氧化物是最佳甲醇重整活性组分。两者按适当比例混合而成的CuMn/γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂具有较好的DMESR综合性能,且其最佳反应温度为350℃。在常压、350℃时,DME转化率为98.1%,H2选择性为97.5%,H2收率95.6%。     

A SINGLE-STAGE,LIQUID-PHASE DIMETHYL ETHER SYNTHESIS PROCESS FROM SYNGAS III. DUAL CATALYST CRYSTAL GROWTH,DEACTIVATION, AND ACTIVITY CONSERVATION STUDIES

ABSTRACT

In the liquid phase dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis process, both the methanol synthesis catalyst )composed of CuO, ZnO, and Al₂O₃) and the methanol dehydration catalyst (composed of gamma-alumina) are slurried in the inert oil phase. Various long-term activity checks were conducted on these dual catalysts to characterize the crystal growth and the thermal aging behavior. X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and elemental intensity compositions, and the crystallite size distributions of the aged catalysts were examined. Based on the current investigation, it was established that the crystal growth and the catalyst deactivation problems in the methanol synthesis catalyst are less severe when it is used along with the methanol dehydration catalyst.     

甲醇制芳烃研究进展

甲醇制芳烃(MTA)技术是从甲醇制烃(MTH)技术发展而来。根据甲醇制烯烃(MTO)的机理研究,MTA的反应机理大致可以分为直接C-C键形成机理和间接C-C键形成机理(碳池机理)。MTA是一个酸催化反应,主要以分子筛,尤其是以H-ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,再通过其他元素对分子筛进行改性以提高芳烃的选择性。反应中生成的稠环芳烃会转化为积炭,这是催化剂失活的主要原因。大多数MTA技术仍然处于实验室研究阶段,在中国,中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所和清华大学开发的MTA技术已应用于中试装置或示范性工业装置。     

直接合成二甲醚的铜-锰催化剂

以Cu -Mn为主要活性组份 ,以锌、铬、钨、钼、铁、钴、镍等为助催化剂 ,采用共浸渍法 ,将铜、锰等直接负载在氧化铝上 ,获得了一种新型的负载型一步合成二甲醚催化剂。该催化剂具有制备工艺简单、强度高、稳定性好、易重复等特点。试验结果显示 :在负载的Cu -Mn催化剂上 ,CO加氢可以生成二甲醚 ,而且当n(Cu) /n(Mn) =1 /2时 ,CO的转化率和二甲醚的收率均佳 ;少量锌的添加有利于提高催化剂的活性和二甲醚的选择性 ;而铁、钴、镍的添加主要使CO发生甲烷化反应。     

CM－3－1催化剂上甲醇脱水生成二甲醚的动力学研究Ⅰ．本征动力学

采用等温积分反应器研究了常压下甲醇在ＣＭ－３－１催化剂上脱水生成二甲醚的本征动力学，得到的动力学方程为：γＭ＝８．４２４５×１０１０ｅ－１２５４３６ＲＴｙＭ１．９８８ｙＤ－０．１３７ｙＷ０．１３６（１－ｙＤｙＷＫｐｙ２Ｍ）（ｍｏｌ／ｇ·ｈ）该动力学方程可园整为：γＭ＝５．５０×１０１０ｅ－１２２８６７ＲＴｙ２Ｍ（１－ｙＤｙＷＫｐｙ２Ｍ）（ｍｏｌ／ｇ·ｈ）该催化剂是化工部西南化工研究院开发的气相法甲醇脱水制取二甲醚催化剂，已在广东中山精细化工厂投入工业使用。     

Methanol Conversion to Hydrocarbons over a SAPO-34 Catalyst in a Pulse Micro Reactor

Abstract

The conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons over fresh SAPO-34 catalyst in pulse micro reactor has been studied under different reaction temperatures. The temperature range of 475–500°C is believed to be the optimum range suitable for methanol conversion to hydrocarbon(s); DME was eliminated from the main products, indicating that all methanol almost converted to hydrocarbon(s) at that range. The presence of water increases the olefins selectivity; therefore, the methanol conversion with mixed water/methanol has been studied too. Needless to say, we applied the reaction on different amounts of SAPO-34 catalyst and found out that the amount applied is one of the major factors.     

铋掺杂钒磷氧催化剂选择性氧化碳四烃制顺酐

制备了Bi掺杂的钒磷氧(VPO)催化剂(VPOBi);分别以正丁烷和混合碳四为原料,考察了Bi掺杂量对VPOBi催化剂选择性氧化碳四烃性能的影响。在653K、气态空速2000h~(-1)条件下,正丁烷在Bi掺杂量(摩尔分数)为0.3%的VPOBi催化剂上所得顺酐收率最大(40.4%),混合碳四在Bi掺杂量为0.2%的VPOBi催化剂上所得顺酐收率最大(49.2%)。采用XRD,BET,SEM,H_2-TPR等方法对催化剂进行表征。表征结果表明,Bi的掺杂使VPO催化剂中暴露的(020)晶面显著增多,改变了催化剂的形貌,增大了催化剂的比表面积,提高了催化剂晶格氧的反应性能,使晶格氧能在相对较低的温度下被H_2还原,从而显著改善了VPO催化剂选择性氧化碳四烃制顺酐的性能。     

Catalytic chemistry of dimethyl ether (review)

Heterogeneous catalytic reactions of dimethyl ether (DME) with various compounds (alkenes, aromatic compounds, CO, etc.) are surveyed. Analysis of published data allows the conclusion that the formation of products generally involves surface intermediates produced by the interaction of DME with Brønsted acid sites. There is no formation of water in this case, suggesting that DME can be preferred to methanol in some cases. Surface intermediates CH*₃ which are bound to the oxygen atoms of the zeolite lattice (methoxides) and retain their reactivity in the case of temperature elevation to 473 K have been identified using IR, UV, and in situ high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Based upon the data on the state of intermediates that are formed from DME on the surface of heterogeneous catalysts, a series of catalytic reactions involving DME, namely, methylation of alkenes and aromatic compounds, carbonylation, synthesis of ethanol, and partial oxidation resulting in a set of compounds have been considered. Some reactions, such as carbonylation of DME by synthesis gas, synthesis of ethanol, and synthesis of dimethoxymethane and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether, are of industrial interest.     

V_2O_5-TiO_2系催化剂载体钠迁移的扫描电镜和能谱分析

用扫描电镜和能谱仪对V_2O_5-TiO_2/a-Al_2O_3催化剂反应前后的显微形貌和组成进行观察和分析,观察到催化剂由于在反应器热点区长期受热,制备载体所用粘结剂成份中的钠离子向催化剂表面迁移,与活性组份作用,形成钒酸钠针状物,从而影响了催化剂的反应性能。     

杂多酸催化甲醇液相合成二甲醚

研究了杂多酸催化甲醇液相合成二甲醚(DME)的工艺,考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂种类及用量对甲醇转化率、DME选择性、DME收率的影响,确定了适宜的工艺条件。实验结果表明,杂多酸对甲醇液相合成DME的催化活性高低顺序为:磷钨酸>硅钨酸>磷钼酸,Hamm ett酸性滴定法测定3种杂多酸的酸强度函数范围均为-8.2～-3.7;采用磷钨酸作催化剂,甲醇液相合成DME较适宜的工艺条件为:反应温度180℃、反应时间6h、每100mL甲醇的催化剂用量3.0g。在该条件下,甲醇转化率为65.4%、DME选择性为99.8%、DME收率为32.6%。     

An in situ study of dimethyl ether conversion over HZSM-5/Al2O3 zeolite catalysts by high-temperature diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy

Isolated and associated OH groups have been in situ identified by high-temperature diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy of the surface of zeolites calcined until complete removal of water. It has been shown that the Brønsted acid sites (BASs) involved in dimethyl ether (DME) conversion on the zeolite surface exhibit two characteristic bands in the DRIFT spectra. It has been found that the composition of DME conversion products on HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts modified with Mg or Rh is temperature-dependent. Ethanol and a small amount of methanol were detected on an Rh-HZSM-5/Al₂O₃ zeolite catalyst at T = 270°C and were not observed on Mg-HZSM-5/Al₂O₃ under the same conditions. Spectral features of ketene were detected in the DRIFT spectra of the surface of Mg-HZSM-5/Al₂O₃ in a stream of DME. The spectrum of Rh-HZSM-5/Al₂O₃ calcined at 200°C exhibited spectral features of ethyl alcohol and bands characterizing a strong Lewis acid site (LAS) capable of hydrogenating ketene to ethyl alcohol. The spectra of the surface of all the zeolite catalysts tested in a DME stream at 320°C contain bands characterizing olefins and alkanes and do not exhibit the spectral features of alcohols and ketene.     

催化剂比例与温度对浆态床合成气制二甲醚的影响

采用甲醇合成催化剂和甲醇脱水催化剂组成的双功能催化剂，在两者比例１～１０和反应温度２６０～３００℃范围内，研究了浆态床合成气制二甲醚双功能催化剂的性能，发现催化剂比例对催化活性影响显著。在催化剂比例１～３范围内，ＣＯ、Ｈ２转化率和二甲醚生成速率随催化剂比例的增大而很快升高，在催化剂比例３～７时达最高值，而后缓慢下降；双功能催化剂间存在协同作用，可显著提高二甲醚与甲醇当量生成速率；温度对二甲醚选择性影响显著，随着温度升高，烃类选择性增加，二甲醚选择性相应降低。最佳催化剂比例为３～５，与此匹配的反应温度为２８０～２９０℃