TiN/TiAlN涂层Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具的切削性能

采用多弧离子镀技术在Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷基体上沉积了TiN/TiAlN多层涂层,通过扫描电镜、涂层附着力自动划痕仪对其显微组织形貌和涂层的结合强度进行了分析,并对涂层和未涂层金属陶瓷铣刀以及硬质合金铣刀进行了切削0Cr18Ni9钢的试验.结果表明,多弧离子镀TiN/TiAlN涂层均匀,TiN/TiAlN多层涂层与金属陶瓷之间的结合强度高达57.52 N.TiN/TiAlN涂层金属陶瓷的切削性能明显优于未涂层金属陶瓷和硬质合会YW2,其平均寿命为硬质合金刀具的2倍.TiN/TiAlN涂层金属陶瓷刀具的失效形式主要是磨损和崩刃,没有涂层剥落现象,TiN/TiAlN涂层与基体的结合强度很好.未涂层金属陶瓷刀具的磨损形式主要是磨损和粘着.     

具有梯度结构的涂层硬质合金刀片

研究了Co和Ti(CN)含量对梯度硬质合金的力学性能、梯度结构的影响.测试了梯度硬质合金刀片的切削性能.结果表明:随着合金钴含量的增多,合金梯度层厚度增厚,梯度结构越明显;合金的强度提高,磁饱和提高,磁力、硬度和密度减小.随着合金Ti(CN)含量的增多,合金梯度层厚度有变薄的趋势;随合金的硬度提高,合金的强度和密度减小.切削试验表明:具有梯度结构涂层硬质合金刀片的切削性能比无梯度结构涂层硬质合金刀片的切削性能优良.达到同一磨损高度hB=0.15 mm时,前者的切削寿命较后者提高了近一倍.同时随着合金钴含量的增多,硬质合金刀片的切削性能提高.     

(Ti,Al)N单层和TiN/(Ti,Al)N复合涂层的切削性能研究

借助EDX、SEM、强度测试和切削实验研究了采用磁控溅射在硬质合金基体上沉积的(Ti,Al)N单层和TiN/(Ti,Al)N复合涂层的切削性能。研究表明,两种涂层均与基体结合紧密;TiN/(Ti,Al)N复合涂层则表现出更好的切削性能。     

TiN单层和TiN/Ti(C,N)多层涂层的结构和性能研究

借助XRD、SEM、纳米压痕和划痕仪研究了采用磁控溅射在硬质合金基体上沉积的TiN单层和TiN/Ti(C,N)多层涂层的组织结构和力学性能。研究表明:TiN与TiN/Ti(C,N)多层涂层的晶粒形貌均呈柱状晶结构,而TiN/Ti(C,N)多层涂层形成了TiN、Ti(C,N)交替的调制结构。由于界面强化作用,TiN/Ti(C,N)多层涂层表现出比TiN更高的硬度及与基体更好的结合力。     

钛合金表面百微米级Ti/TiN多层复合涂层性能研究

目的提高TiN硬质涂层的厚度及各项力学性能。方法采用等离子增强PVD技术在钛合金(TC4)基体表面制备多层复合Ti/TiN涂层,对涂层进行扫描电镜(SEM)分析,采用划痕法表征涂层的结合强度,用维氏显微硬度计测试涂层的显微硬度,利用销盘式摩擦磨损试验仪评价涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果制备的多层复合Ti/TiN涂层厚度最高可达100μm,且未发生剥落等失效,结合强度相对于单层TiN提高了近3倍。由于Ti、TiN的多层复合调制作用,制备的Ti/TiN显微硬度测试表明复合涂层的显微硬度高达2700 HV0.025,同时,涂层在原有耐磨性能优良的基础上具备自润滑减摩作用,经过近20 000 m的磨损测试,复合涂层的摩擦系数低至0.25左右,且未完全失效。结论多层复合结构能够有效提高TiN硬质涂层的厚度,制备的Ti/TiN多层复合涂层的各项力学性能显著提高。     

PVD涂层刀具高速铣削CoCrMo合金的性能研究

目的为了提高涂层硬质合金刀具的切削性能,研究了物理气相沉积PVD法制备的涂层硬质合金铣刀在高速干式环境下的铣削性能。方法采用阴极电弧技术制备了TiN、TiAlN以及TiAlSiN涂层硬质合金铣刀刀头,通过一同沉积涂层的硬质合金圆片,间接测量得出涂层的显微硬度、厚度和平均摩擦系数,并以CoCrMo合金为切削对象,进行了PVD涂层与无涂层刀具高速铣削下的对比试验。结果TiAlSiN显微硬度最高达3800HV,摩擦系数达0.3,TiAlN涂层平均膜厚为2μm,间接测得TiN、TiAlN以及TiAlSiN涂层的结合力依次为60、58、42N。在三者的切削性能中,TiAlSiN涂层的切削性能比TiAlN和TiN涂层的好,同等切削参数时,TiN刀具的高速铣削时间最短,TiAlSiN涂层的平均磨损值为0.1895,TiN的平均磨损值为0.3047。结论涂层中添加Al、Si,极大地提高了刀具的使用性能,改善了刀具切削过程中的耐磨性、红硬性,极大地延长了刀具的使用寿命。TiAlSiN涂层的硬度高,耐磨损性好,切削性能好,适合高速铣削加工。     

TiN涂层的微观组织结构及力学性能分析

借助XRD、纳米压痕、SEM和划痕仪研究了采用磁控溅射在硬质合金基体上沉积的TiN、(Ti,Al)N单层和TiN/(Ti,Al)N多层涂层的组织结构和力学性能。研究表明:面心立方结构的TiN涂层晶粒形貌为典型的喇叭口结构,沿(200)、(111)择优生长;TiN涂层的硬度为24.6GPa;与硬质合金基体的结合强度约为62N。     

基体梯度结构对TiN涂层硬质合金力学和切削性能的影晌

研究基体梯度结构对TiN涂层硬质合金力学和切削性能的影响;采用阴极弧蒸发涂层工艺分别在均质和梯度硬质合金基体上制备TiN涂层:运用金相观察、扫描电镜分析、三点抗弯强度测试、显微硬度测试和切削性能测试,研究基体梯度结构对TiN涂层硬质合金组织结构、力学性能和切削性能的影响.结果表明:基体结构梯度化后,TiN涂层表面形貌由平整状变为网状结构,显微硬度提高19%,抗弯强度提高6.1%;基体结构梯度化后,涂层硬质合金的结构发生变化、力学性能得到提高,涂层刀片的抗冲击性能和切削性能分别提高10%和15%左右.     

TiN/Ti(C,N)涂层的显微组织与力学性能

采用磁控溅射在TNMG120408型号的硬质合金刀片上沉积了TiN/Ti(C,N)单层与多层涂层,通过XRD、SEM、纳米压痕、划痕仪与冲击测试等方法,比较分析了TiN/Ti(C,N)涂层的显微组织与力学性能。结果表明,TiN单层涂层的晶粒形貌为典型的喇叭口结构,Ti(C,N)单层涂层为平直的柱状晶结构;而TiN/Ti(C,N)多层涂层为柱状晶结构,形成了TiN、Ti(C,N)交替排列的结构。TiN与Ti(C,N)单层涂层均呈(220)生长织构,而TiN/Ti(C,N)多层涂层呈(111)生长织构。Ti(C,N)单层涂层表现出较好的硬度,而TiN/Ti(C,N)多层涂层则表现出与基体更好的结合力。     

WC-(W,Ti)C-(Ta,Nb)C-Co涂层硬质合金的组织与性能

用控制烧结工艺制备了均质基体结构与梯度基体结构的WC-(W,Ti)C-(Ta,Nb)C-Co硬质合金,采用化学气相沉积工艺在合金表面涂上TiCN/Al203/TiN涂层,制备成相应的涂层硬质合金及刀片.运用金相观察、扫描电镜分析、三点抗弯强度测试及切削性能测试,研究了梯度基体结构对涂层WC-(W,Ti)C-(Ta,Nb)C-Co硬质合金的组织与力学性能影响.结果表明,采用梯度烧结工艺,可以在合金的表层形成梯度韧性区,该韧性区可以提高裂纹扩展阻力.所制备的梯度基体结构合金的抗弯强度明显超过均质基体结构合金,而相应涂层硬质合金刀片在保持耐磨性能的同时能显著提高抗冲击性能.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.