元胞自动机法模拟Al-4．5mass％Cu枝晶生长

通过引入溶质再分配、溶质扩散、界面能各向异性和界面曲率,构建了描述合金凝固微观组织形态演变的2D元胞自动机模型。并用该模型研究了Al-4.5mass%Cu合金凝固过程中树枝晶长大过程。结果表明:该模型较好地描述了枝晶生长、晶间和枝晶偏析。凝固过程中的溶质再分配直接影响着树枝晶的生长形貌和微观偏析形成。成份过冷是液/固界面失稳的主要原因,激发二次晶或三次晶产生。二次晶生长是相互竞争的过程,在成分过冷和曲率过冷作用下,二次晶根部溶质富集程度大,出现明显的"颈缩"。在枝晶生长过程中,枝晶间会形成小范围、高溶质浓度的孤立液体区域,形成晶间偏析或点偏析,树枝晶形貌对晶间偏析程度影响较大。在各枝晶臂上,先凝固部分溶质浓度较后凝固部分溶质浓度低,并且中心溶质浓度较边缘处溶质浓度低,形成枝晶偏析,枝晶偏析在枝晶的亚稳态生长阶段更显著。     

Modeling the dendritic evolution and micro-segregation of cast alloy with cellular automaton

In order to precisely describe the dendritic morphology and micro-segregation during solidification process, a novel continuous model concerning the different physical properties in the solid phase, liquid phase and interface is developed. Coupling the heat and solute diffusion with the transition rules, the dendrite evolution is simulated by cellular automaton method. Then, the solidification microstructure evolution of a small ingot is simulated by using this method. The simulated results indicate that this model can simulate the dendrite growth, show the second dendrite arm and tertiary dendrite arm, and reveal the micro-segregation in the inter-dendritic zones. Furthermore, the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) is predicted.     

快速凝固FGH95合金粉末的非平衡溶质分配

测定了用等离子旋转电极雾化工艺方法生产的FGH95合金粉末颗粒的枝晶偏析,并运用显热容法计算了合金粉末颗粒快速凝固过程中的非平衡溶质分配系数．结果表明：FGH95合金粉末颗粒枝晶间富Mo、Nb、Ti元素而贫Ni、Co、W元素;随着粉末颗粒尺寸的减小,溶质分配系数远离平衡值的程度增大,枝晶偏析也明显减小．     

新型细化剂对K4169高温合金微观组织的影响

研究了新型晶粒细化剂对K4169高温合金枝晶组织、元素显微偏析和合金相的影响。实验结果表明：在同一浇注温度下，细晶铸造试样的一次枝晶主轴长度较普通铸造试样明显缩短，但二者的二次枝晶臂距没有显著差别。晶粒细化后，晶粒的形态由普通铸造组织中的树枝晶向细晶组织中的粒状晶转变，而反合金中主要元素Fe、Cr、Nb、Mo和Ti的偏析减轻，这些均有利于提高细晶铸件的机械性能。另外，MC型碳化物和Laves相的尺寸、数量和形貌在晶粒细化前后变化不大。     

压力和振动对锌合金半固态铸造组织的影响

分别在振动和常压、0.4 MPa与0.7 MPa 3种压力相结合的条件下制备锌铝合金试样,通过光学显微镜分析其微观组织形貌。得出其在振动和压力条件下,凝固微观边部组织晶状由带状、树枝晶状向椭圆状、球状转化,内部晶粒也得到了细化。振动和压力的外在条件抑制了锌铝合金在凝固过程中树枝晶形成和长大而促进了其枝晶形貌向球状晶转化过程。     

Diffusion Models for Solid-state Homogenization of Dendrite Segregation

New mathematical diffusion models for solid state homogemzatton of dendrite segregatton were presented to calculate the concentration evolution of alloying elements during solid-state homogenization of dendrite segregation in any cross section of a three-dimensional dendrite system. With nuuhenuuical accunudation, all the individual concentration profiles of every dendrite can be accunudated to form a concentration equation, which may be required by sine model or not . Then diffusion homogenization processes for any cross sections of dendrites in solid state can be calculated from the equation. The only assumption of the new models was that any individual concentration profile in a dendrite system could be simulated by Gauss equation of Fick- 2 law.     

Modeling of Microstructure Evolution during Directional Solidification Process

A model was presented to describe the microstructure evolution during the directional solidification process. In this model, the problem of different properties in the solid and liquid phase was solved by making the properties continuous at‘the solidlliquid inteorace. Furthermore, a random noise was incorporated to reflect the anisotropic growth. Moreover, the averaging solute conservation was developed to keep the total solute conservation in the inteorace region. A simple ingot was simulated by this method, the model can represent the micro-structure evolution, solute concentration redistribution, micro-segregation and the columnar-to-equiaxed transition.     

周期性边界条件下MC模拟晶粒数的统计

本文应用Monte Carlo(MC)法模拟二维条件下晶粒长大的原理，晶粒长大结晶界处的格点迁移为主要特征，并用它模拟了在周期性的边界条件下的晶粒长大行为，提出了一种二维条件下精确的统计晶粒尺寸的方法，可以对各种形态的晶粒进行统计，并且考虑了模拟过程中的周期性边界条件对晶粒统计的影响，通过模拟，揭示了晶粒长大过程中材料组织演变时拓扑学和动力学特征。     

Microstructure evolution of Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy in the liquid-metal-cooling (LMC) directional-solidification process

The microstructure evolution of Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy was investigated on liquid metal cooling type directional solidified apparatus at high temperature gradient.The analysis shows that it is solidified with primary β cells/dendrites,and then α phase is formed through peritectic reaction.Once the columnar grains grow into the steady state,the lamellar orientation inclined with the angle of 45° to the withdrawal direction is more favored than that with parallel to the withdrawal direction.In addition,α phase...     

Cu-Zr合金定向凝固组织的研究

采用定向凝固方法制备了Cu 12 .2 5Zr自生复合材料,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射等方法对定向凝固组织进行了研究.结果表明,在温度梯度一定的前提下,生长速度对定向凝固组织的形貌有着重要的影响,随着生长速度的增加,凝固组织由层片状依次转化为棒状、树枝状和集群状组织;在所制备的Cu 12 .2 5Zr自生复合材料中,第2相主要是Cu5Zr,并且Cu5Zr与基体α(Cu)之间存在着一定的取向关系,另外还有少量的Cu8Zr3 相和Cu10 Zr7相;在Cu 12 .2 5Zr合金枝晶端部存在明显的Zr元素富集.     

一种合金枝晶凝固微观溶质再分布统一模型

简要概述了合金枝晶凝固微观偏析解析模型化研究进展。基于对具有任意枝晶形貌及任意固相反扩散(SBD)效应的合金凝固过程中微观/宏观溶质传输行为模型化,提出了微观溶质再分布新模型,并进行了不同凝固速率、不同枝晶形貌及SBD效应的Al-4.5％Cu合金与Fe-0.5％C基碳素钢枝晶凝固的模型对比计算。研究表明,所建模型具有包含多种影响因素与统一性的特点,以及模型计算的可行性与有效性。     

Solidified morphology and mechanism of bulk nanocrystalline Fe80P13C7 alloy at isothermal undercooling

The molten Fe80P13C7 alloys can achieve a large undercooling up to 320 K by fluxing technique.With the help of fluxing technique,the molten Fe80P13C7 alloys can be solidified at different undercooling(△T)through isothermal undercooling experiment.It is indicated that the microstructure of the solidified Fe80P13C7 alloy specimens is refined significantly with the increasing undercooling and the grain size is about 20μm,10μm,200 nm and 70 nm for△T=50 K,150 K,250 K and 320 K,respectively.The solidification morphologies of the solidified Fe80P13C7 alloy specimens under different undercooling are quite different.When△T=50 K,it presents a traditional solidification microstructure under a undercooling condition,composed of the primary dendrite and anomalous eutectic within the dendrites.When△T=150 K,a cell-like solidification morphology can be found,which can be proposed to be formed based on the nucleation and growth of spinodal decomposition mechanism.When△T=250 K,there is a strong direction of the solidification under an optical micrograph,two zones can be divided,and the microstructure of each zone presents a network which results from a liquid spinodal decomposition.When△T=320 K,the microstructure presents a random network completely.Microhardness test shows that the hardness of the solidified specimens increases with the undercooling.     

PMN-PT弛豫型铁电材料的凝固组织与相结构

采用熔融法制备了PMN－32PT弛豫型铁电晶粒，研究了自由凝固条件下PMN－32PT晶体的生长形貌、组织形态、相结构和择优生长方向。结果表明，自由凝固条件下，从熔体中生长出的PMN－32PT晶体一般呈现三棱柱和八面体两种形态；PMN－32PT晶体的择优生长方向为＜211＞晶向；凝固过程中熔剂不足会引起组分中MgO的优先树枝状结晶；生长速度对PMN－32PT晶体的完整性有较大影响，生长速度过快会导致熔剂夹杂。     

超高压作用下ZA27合金溶质Al的分布规律

ZA合金在凝固过程中存在偏析严重的特点,为了得到偏析少、组织均匀的ZA合金,通过对高压凝固ZA合金样品的分析,研究了超高压作用下溶质Al的分布规律和运动特征.试验结果表明,随着压力在1~5GPa范围内的增加,溶质分布也经历了大块聚集状态→小块聚集状态→固溶于基体等3种状态.5GPa时溶质Al分布接近于均匀,表明压力大大抑制了溶质偏析,其原因可通过溶质再分配、溶质扩散和粘度系数在超高压作用下的变化特征予以解释.     

Modeling of dendritic growth in the presence of convection

In materials science, dendritic growth is the ubiquitous form of crystal growth ob-served in casting and welding of many metals and alloys. The solidified dendritic mor-phology will generally play a key role in the determination of mechanical properties of solid materials. Thus, understanding and control of dendritic growth are crucial in order to predict and achieve desired microstructures and hence, mechanical properties of cast-ing metals and alloys[1]. Dendritic growth is a complicated phy…     

Phase-field simulation of dendritic growth in a forced liquid metal flow coupling with boundary heat flux

A phase-field model with forced liquid metal flow was employed to study the effect of boundary heat flux on the dendritic structure forming of a Ni-40.8%Cu alloy with liquid flow during solidification.The effect of the flow field coupling with boundary heat extractions on the morphology change and distributions of concentration and temperature fields was analyzed and discussed.The forced liquid flow could significantly affect the dendrite morphology,concentration and temperature distributions in the solidifying microstructure.And coupling with boundary heat extraction,the solute segregation and concentration diffusion were changed with different heat flux.The morphology,concentration and temperature distributions were significantly influenced by increasing the heat extraction,which could relatively make the effect of liquid flow constrained.With increasing the initial velocity of liquid flow,the lopsided rate of the primary dendrite arm was enlarged and the transition of developing manner of the secondary arms moved to the large heat extraction direction.It was the competition between heat flux and forced liquid flow that finally determined microstructure forming during solidification.     

Microstructure evolution of cast Al-Si-Cu alloys in solution treatment

To develop a software to predict the evolution of microstructure and the development of mechanical properties during the heat treatment of cast aluminum alloys, we modeled the redistribution of solute during the solution treatment of multicomponent alloys. The predictions of solidification simulation software or the results of experiment provided the initial microstructure and solute distribution for simulation of heat treatment. Binary through quinary aluminum alloys with silicon, copper, magnesium, and iron were modeled. The basic model assumed local equilibrium （no undercooling due to nucleation or growth） and computed diffusion in the solid constituents during solidification. The evolution of microstructure during solution treatment was followed by qualitative and quantitative metallography. The results of simulation for the ternary alloy Al-7%Si-3.5%Cu were compared to experimental observation.     

对流下二元合金凝固过程的相场法研究

采用耦合流场的相场模型,以Ni-Cu二元合金为例模拟金属非等温凝固和等温凝固时的枝晶生长,把两种模拟结果作比较。发现：两种模型得出的结果都与溶质再分配理论相符合;潜热的释放在一定程度上抑制枝晶的生长,使得非等温凝固时的平衡再分配浓度比等温凝固时低;非等温凝固的生长Peclet数与Oseen-Ivantsov理论值吻合得更好。     

铁碳合金凝固过程微观溶质偏析模型分析

为了选择正确的微观溶质偏析模型研究铁碳合金的凝固过程,利用Thermo-Calc商业软件计算了不同碳含量下铁碳合金的固相线温度、液相线温度和碳的平衡分配系数,利用数值方法研究了不同微观溶质偏析模型下铁碳合金的固液界面温度和无量纲液相溶质浓度.数值结果表明：文献中常用的碳平衡分配系数不准确;C lyne-Kurz模型和Sche il模型不能准确地预测固液界面温度,B rody-F lem ings模型不能正确地预测碳偏析,建议采用杠杆模型和大中逸雄模型计算铁碳合金凝固过程的微观溶质偏析.     

Nature of large （Ti, Nb）（C, N） particles precipitated during the solidification of Ti, Nb HSLA steel

To investigate the microsegregation phenomena and complex （Ti, Nb）（C, N） precipitation behavior during continuous casting, a unidirectional solidification unit was employed to simulate the solidification process. The samples of Ti, Nb-addition steels after unidirectional solidification were examined using field emission scanning electron microscope （FE-SEM） and electron probe X-ray microanalyzer （EPMA）. In such specimens, dendrite structure and mushy zone can be detected along the solidification direction. It shows that the addition of titanium, niobium to high-strength low-alloyed （HSLA） steel results in undesirable （Ti, Nb）（C, N） precipitation because of microsegregation. The effect of cooling rate on （Ti, Nb）（C, N） precipitation was investigated. The composition of large precipitates was determined using FE-SEM with EDS. Large （Ti, Nb）（C, N） precipitates could be divided into three kinds according to the composition and morphology. With the cooling rate increasing, Ti-rich （Ti, Nb）（C, N） precipitates are transformed to Nb-rich （Ti, Nb）（C, N） precipitates.