Reduction of earthquake risk in the United States: bridging the gapbetween research and practice

Continuing efforts under the auspices of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program are under way to improve earthquake risk assessment and risk management in earthquake-prone regions of Alaska, California, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, Arizona, Utah, Wyoming, and Idaho, the New Madrid and Wabash Valley seismic zones in the central United States, the southeastern and northeastern United States, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, and Hawaii. Geologists, geophysicists, seismologists, architects, engineers, urban planners, emergency managers, health care specialists, and policymakers are having to work at the margins of their disciplines to bridge the gap between research and practice and to provide a social, technical, administrative, political, legal, and economic basis for changing public policies and professional practices in communities where the earthquake risk is unacceptable     

Graphene‐Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis,Properties, and Optical and Optoelectronic Applications

Graphene, a two‐dimensional, single‐atom‐thick carbon crystal arranged in a honeycomb lattice, shows extraordinary electronic, mechanical, thermal, optical, and optoelectronic properties, and has great potential in next‐generation electronics, optics, and optoelectronics. Graphene and graphene‐based nanomaterials have witnessed a very fast development of both fundamental and practical aspects in optics and optoelectronics since 2008. In this Feature Article, the synthesis techniques and main electronic and optical properties of graphene‐based nanomaterials are introduced with a comprehensive view. Recent progress of graphene‐based nanomaterials in optical and optoelectronic applications is then reviewed, including transparent conductive electrodes, photodetectors and phototransistors, photovoltaics and light emitting devices, saturable absorbers for ultrafast lasers, and biological and photocatalytic applications. In the final section, perspectives are given and future challenges in optical and optoelectronic applications of graphene‐based nanomaterials are addressed.     

Advanced Compressible and Elastic 3D Monoliths beyond Hydrogels

3D monoliths have undergone great progress in the past decades in scientific and engineering fields. Especially, compressible and elastic 3D monoliths (CEMs) hold great promise in a series of applications, such as pressure/strain sensing, energy storage, oil/water separation, and thermal insulation, attributed to their unique mechanical properties and multifunctionality (e.g., conductivity, thermal stability, and high adsorption capacity). Recently, plenty of advanced CEMs have been developed from 1D and 2D building blocks, polymers, and biomass via various methods. Herein, the latest progress in controllable design and preparation of advanced CEMs, which mainly refer to aerogels, sponges, and foams, are reviewed in terms of their structural units and applications. The relationship between structure and mechanical performances of CEMs is discussed. Moreover, their applications in sensing, energy storage and conversion, water treatment, fire‐resistance, and electromagnetic interface shielding are presented. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of CEMs are also discussed.     

单目图像序列光流三维重建技术研究综述

由单目图像序列光流重建物体或场景的三维运动与结构是计算机视觉、图像处理与模式识别等领域的重要研究内容,在机器人视觉、无人机导航、车辆辅助驾驶以及医学影像分析等方面具有重要的应用。本文首先从精度与鲁棒性等方面对单目图像序列光流计算及三维重建技术近年来取得的进展进行综述与分析。然后采用Middlebury测试图像序列对HS、LDOF、CLG-TV、SOF、AOFSCNN 和 Classic ＋NL 等典型光流算法以及 Adiv、RMROF、Sekkati 和DMDPOF等基于光流的间接与直接重建方法进行实验对比分析,指出各对比方法的优点与不足,归纳各类方法的性能特点与适用范围。最后对利用分数阶微分模型、非局部约束、立体视觉以及深度线索解决亮度突变、非刚性运动、运动遮挡与模糊情况下光流计算及重建模型的局限性与鲁棒性问题进行总结与展望。     

Cathode-ray-tube phosphors: Principles and applications

Principles and applications of phosphors in cathode-ray tubes are discussed. Among the basic parameters covered are: back-scattering, secondary emission, penetration, electronic transitions, dead voltage and energy, and optical efficiencies. Various relevant aspects of television kinescopes are discussed, including commercially used phosphor characteristics and screening techniques, radar tubes, image tubes, voltage-dependent color displays, flying-spot and beam-indexing tubes, projection, printing, and infrared stimulation systems. Colorimetry and photometry, as applied to phosphors, are discussed, including the CIE and UCS systems.     

我国海洋测绘市场、海洋测绘技术综述

海洋测绘是海洋空间地理信息测量与表达的总称.目前,我国海洋测绘市场逐渐形成,迫切需要高质量的海洋测绘技术提供服务.海洋测绘产业大致分为海洋基础测绘、海洋资源开发、海洋科学研究与管理、海岸带生态修复与海洋环境保护、海上交通运输等.海洋测绘技术包括海洋大地测量、海洋导航定位技术、水深测量、海岸带地形测量、海洋遥感、海底底质...     

Technology for the 1990s

A forecast of the practical and promising devices, circuits, and systems that can be expected in the next one to five years is presented. It is based on a survey of a group of distinguished practitioners throughout the industry. The forecasts cover the areas of lasers and electrooptics, integrated optoelectronics, electron devices, digital integrated circuits, high-frequency and microwave devices, VLSI signal and image processing systems, analog ICs and signal processing, power electronics and systems, neural systems and applications, and medical image and signal processing. A particularly optimistic outlook is seen for lasers, fiber optics, optoelectronic ICs, and optical switching and processing. Digital ICs and power electronics are also expected to make steady gains. In addition, flat panel displays will attract a fair amount of activity, with the liquid-crystal and electroluminescent types emerging as the leaders in this decade. Looking further out, advances in artificial and biological neural systems represents a natural extension to more sophisticated problem-solving in speech processing, vision and communications     

Recent Advances in Hybridization,Doping, and Functionalization of 2D Xenes

The emerging monoelemental 2D materials named as Xenes including borophene, silicene, germanene, stanene, phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene, bisthumene, selenene, and tellurene, have attracted rising attention experimentally and theoretically. Because of their excellent and versatile physical, chemical, electrical, and optical advantages, Xenes have been shown or have been predicted to have excellent performance in nanotechnology applications, addressing challenges and advances in electronics, energy, healthcare, and environment. In this review, the basic fundamentals in the classification of the periodic table group and the synthesis methods for the emerging materials are summarized. Then, the hybridization, doping and functionalization of 2D Xenes, and their corresponding applications are presented. Furthermore, a summary of research progress on 2D Xenes and the challenges and perspectives for their further development are discussed.     

智慧党建在高校党员管理中的应用研究

以全国党员管理信息系统、学习强国、红星云、长沙智慧党建系统等信息化平台为例,旨在从智慧党建的概念和内涵着手,在现有平台基础上,通过创新切实地规划运用,探索构建涵盖基础信息、学习教育、组织活动、研讨交流、党群服务等五大功能组合的智慧党建应用体系,促使高校党建工作与教学管理、学生辅导、教师服务等工作有机融合,真正发挥高校党建工作的示范、带动、引领作用。     

Microwave remote sensing from space

Spaceborne microwave remote sensors provide perspectives of the earth surface and atmosphere which are of unique value in scientific studies of geomorphology, oceanic waves and topography, atmospheric water vapor and temperatures, vegetation classification and stress, ice types and dynamics, and hydrological characteristics. Microwave radars and radiometers offer enhanced sensitivities to the geometrical characteristics of the earth's surface and its cover, to water in all its forms--soil and vegetation moisture, ice, wetlands, oceans, and atmospheric water vapor, and can provide high-resolution imagery of the earth's surface independent of cloud cover or sun angle. A brief review of the historical development and principles of active and passive microwave remote sensing is presented, with emphasis on the unique characteristics of the information obtainable in the microwave spectrum and the value of this information to global geoscientific studies. Various spaceborne microwave remote sensors are described, with applications to geology, planetology, oceanography, glaciology, land biology, meteorology, and hydrology. A discussion of future microwave remote sensor technological developments and challenges is presented, along with a summary of future missions being planned by several countries.     

Physical techniques for silicon layer analysis

This paper reviews the application of physical techniques (SIMS, RBS, XPS, AES, XRD, Raman and FTIR spectroscopies and AFM) for the characterisation of layers, structures and processes in Si technology. The principles of the techniques are given, and their use for the analysis of Si related structures and processes is discussed. Structural features related to the device and system performances are considered. These include features related to amorphous, polycrystalline and single crystal layers, as grain size and crystal orientation, disorder, defects, strain, composition,…, as well as the quality and nature of surfaces and interfaces in Si related layers (Si, SiGe and ternary related alloys, SiC, dielectric layers, silicides…). Examples taken from the current research in these areas are presented.     

Open standards for homeland security sensor networks

Sensors and networks are key components in building distributed sensor networks nationwide for detecting weapons of mass destruction and monitoring and protecting critical infrastructure such as airports, bridges, buildings, railways, utility, and water supplies. Tens of thousands of sensors will be connected through wired and wireless networks for communicating and sharing sensor data and information among government agencies and private enterprises to effectively protect people and property. Open, standardized sensor interfaces and sensor data formats are needed to enable effective integration, access, fusion, and use of sensor-derived data in critical homeland security (HLS) applications. This article discusses some open standards that enable rapid and seamless sensor interconnection, integration, discovery, access, and usage within and across systems, networks, and enterprises through Web access.     

基于数字虚拟的工业设计创新模式与应用研究

本文通过数字技术虚拟性的方式、方法、途径的理论性研究,基于数字化技术的多感知性、交互操作性、对现实事物关系、活动、认知的实际模拟性,通过数字技术(如:VR技术、AR技术、3D成像技术等)虚拟工业设计在设计流程、设计管理、制造加工、设计体验、设计服务等事件的实际情景,实现工业设计的设计与制造的多样化信息交互,提高产品设计方案的合理性和可行性,为工业设计设计、制造、研发的创新开辟一种新型的理念与模式。     

基于OpenMV的四旋翼无人机目标跟踪系统设计与实现

基于四旋翼无人机小巧便捷可控的特点,设计并实现了一种可识别并自动跟踪物体的四旋翼无人机系统,该系统采用STM32F407为主控芯片,综合光流模块、数传模块、OpenMV4模块和电机、螺旋桨等外围设备,采用姿态估算、色块跟踪解耦合、色块识别、滤波、坐标系转换、PID调节、前馈调节等算法实现四旋翼的识别与自动跟踪,使其可以在平稳飞行的同时,按照程序指令搜寻目标,并触发跟踪状态,完成自动跟踪。该四旋翼无人机系统灵巧便携,操作简单,通用性强,应用前景广阔。     

探测通信一体化研究现状与发展趋势

探测通信一体化将独立的探测与通信系统集成一起,通过共用一套硬件设备实现目标探测与信息传输功能,相比传统单一的探测与通信系统,其具有节约平台空间、降低平台能耗以及提高平台安全性等优点。首先介绍国内外陆上雷达通信一体化的相关研究,以及陆上与水下探测通信一体化的区别。结合水声传感网络的应用背景,借鉴雷达通信一体化研究技术,针对探测通信一体化亟需解决的共享波形设计、自干扰抑制以及共享信号处理三个问题,讨论了水下探测通信一体化在单基地、双基地、信息化、安全性方面的发展应用。无论是陆上还是水下,探测与通信作为信息系统的两大功能,两者的一体化设计是系统集成化、信息化、智能化的发展趋势之一。      

基于区块链的威胁情报共享及评级技术研究

随着计算机和网络技术的快速发展,网络安全事件频发,安全漏洞不断,威胁情报的作用和价值越来越大。基于区块链的开放、共识、自治和去中心、去信任、不可篡改、可追溯等特点,提出了通过区块链技术构建威胁情报信息的区块,包括IP地址信息、域名信息、URL信息、安全事件信息、漏洞信息、威胁情报源可信度、威胁情报源贡献率等;并设计了基于区块链的威胁情报共享和评级系统,给出了相应的基于区块链的威胁情报共享方法和评级方法,可以实现及时有效获取及分析出最新、最有价值的威胁情报信息,从而及时进行防护及应急响应,促进整个威胁情报生态的闭环持续有效开展。     

2017年欧洲光通信会议述评

介绍了第43届欧洲光通信会议的概况,评述了主题报告、专题研讨、综述指导报告和特邀报告、截后论文和展览会等内容。按照光纤、光纤器件和光纤放大器,集成光电器件和光处理器,光通信系统数字技术,传输子系统和光网络单元,数据通信和计算机硬件,点到点传输链路,核心、城域和数据中心网络,接入、本地和家庭网络8个方向进行探讨。     

计算光学成像:何来，何处，何去，何从？

计算光学成像是一种通过联合优化光学系统和信号处理以实现特定成像功能与特性的新兴研究领域。它并不是光学成像和数字图像处理的简单补充,而是前端（物理域）的光学调控与后端（数字域）信息处理的有机结合,通过对照明、成像系统进行光学编码与数学建模,以计算重构的方式获取图像与信息。这种新型的成像方式将有望突破传统光学成像技术对光学系统以及探测器制造工艺、工作条件、功耗成本等因素的限制,使其在功能（相位、光谱、偏振、光场、相干度、折射率、三维形貌、景深延拓,模糊复原,数字重聚焦,改变观测视角）、性能（空间分辨、时间分辨、光谱分辨、信息维度与探测灵敏度）、可靠性、可维护性等方面获得显著提高。现阶段,计算光学成像已发展为一门集几何光学、信息光学、计算光学、现代信号处理等理论于一体的新兴交叉技术研究领域,成为光学成像领域的国际研究重点和热点,代表了先进光学成像技术的未来发展方向。国内外众多高校与科研院所投身其中,使该领域全面进入了“百花齐放,百家争鸣”的繁荣发展局面。作为本期《红外与激光工程》——南京理工大学专刊“计算光学成像技术”专栏的首篇论文,本文概括性地综述了计算光学成像领域的历史沿革、发展现状、并展望其未来发展方向与所依赖的核心赋能技术,以求抛砖引玉。     

基于运营商统一DPI系统部署方案的研究

由于运营商企业内部深度包检测技术(Deep Packet Inspection,DPI)系统为烟囱式部署,存在重复采、存、开发和数据格式不一致等现象,无法形成全量数据的全视景,没有充分体现数据价值,导致在其网络安全、运行维护、建设投资和数据有效复用等方面存在一些问题。随着宽带用户和手机用户的急剧增长,为提高网络资源利用率,发现和识别种类繁多的网络业务,并有效地控制和管理网络业务,急需对全网DPI设备部署位置进行整合,减少DPI采集点和设备数量,实现多个应用系统使用同一采集点的DPI设备复用机制,通过最少的采集点获取最全的数据。文中对运营商互联网DPI系统部署场景、链路接入方式、部署方案、未来发展趋势等进行了研究,力求为互联网DPI系统部署提供借鉴。     

交通大数据环境下的数据治理策略

随着科技的进步，大数据在交通领域中的应用日益广泛，如流量预测、拥堵管理、安全和智能系统等。然而，大数据的海量、高速、多样性和低价值密度也带来了一定的挑战，如数据存储、处理、整合、清洗、质量、准确性、安全性和隐私保护等。因此，数据治理显得尤为重要。数据治理是对数据的全面管理和运营，对于交通大数据环境而言，其重要性尤为突出。良好的数据治理策略可以提升数据管理成效，提高数据的质量和准确性，保障数据安全和隐私，增加数据的应用价值。文中提出了一套交通大数据的数据治理策略，包括数据质量管理、数据集成、数据安全和隐私保护、数据存储和处理、元数据管理等，以期实现更好的数据治理效果。