低浓度二氧化硫烟气的治理

<正> 我厂生产过程中产生的含镍、钴、铜重金属的渣料,均需通过鼓风炉硫化还原熔炼以回收其中的镍、钴、铜等金属。鼓风炉烟气含 SO_20.8～1.0%,每天排出二氧化硫量     

焙烧气氛对含砷废弃物共烧结过程中砷锑迁移转化的影响

以砷碱渣为碱源与高砷锑氧粉共焙烧,研究在不同焙烧气氛和温度下,挥发气氛、烟尘与焙烧渣中As和Sb含量及物相变化,分析焙烧气氛和温度对As、Sb迁移转化的影响。结果表明,空气气氛下,随着焙烧温度的增加,As、Sb挥发量增大,最终分别转化成Na3AsO4、NaSbO3固定在焙烧渣中;氮气气氛下,随着焙烧温度的增加,砷挥发量逐渐减少,锑挥发量逐渐增大,最终分别转化成亚砷酸钠和亚锑酸钠固定在焙烧渣中;在氮气气氛、900 ℃条件下焙烧,可以得到Sb含量为90.77%的烟尘,且砷的固化率达95.95%。     

重金属在某镍冶炼厂废气中的排放特点分析

采用镍冶炼的冶炼工艺,在焙烧、熔炼时、重金属元素汞、镉、铅、铬、铜、锌、镍等进入氧化或者是升华后能够进入烟气中,部分进入粉尘,同时造成冶炼过程中对环境的污染。以富氧侧吹吹炼和转炉除尘灰过程为研究对象,对集尘颗粒中重金属污染物粒度特征进行分析,烟气成分分析及烟尘表面特征分析。通过对其排放特性的分析,它对中国镍冶炼行业重金属污染源的治理提供技术方案。     

隧道窑工艺处理不锈钢除尘灰的实验研究

利用隧道窑工艺对宝钢不锈钢除尘灰进行处理.该工艺过程是将焦粉(添加量为除尘灰质量的35%)外置在除尘灰周围,并添加三种不同比例的铁鳞,在碳化硅罐中还原42 h,还原温度为1200℃.研究表明:该工艺条件能够实现不锈钢除尘灰的烧结,且通过加入铁鳞(添加量为除尘灰质量的20%)可以经济有效地提高烧结物的强度;铁鳞的加入提高了铁品位,但会降低镍、铬品位.针对金属化球团中镍、铬的金属化率难以检测出的情况,提出了一种金属还原率的估测方法,并将其应用到本实验中,得出在隧道窑工艺条件下铁和镍的金属化率分别为92.55%和97.83%,铬的金属化率最少可达到35.5%.      

氰化尾渣熔融氯化提金扩大试验

扩大试验通过电炉熔融氯化—烟气洗涤连续运转,考察物料性质、氯化钙添加、气氛等对氰化尾渣中金挥发率的影响。结果表明,在进炉氰化尾渣含水≤6%、氯化钙添加量7%~10%、氧化气氛条件下,氰化尾渣采用电炉熔融氯化挥发提金,渣含金可降至0.6g/t,砷可降至0.25%以下,铜、铅、锌等含量均可降至0.05%以下。在实际工业生产和设计中,建议采取干式进料、减少热损、自焙阳极等措施减少电耗和电极消耗,同时采取多级洗涤+电除雾器等措施来保障烟气中金属的回收。     

电镀污泥碳热还原挥发锌、锡和铅的动力学研究

含铜污泥是冶金化工行业的工业废水经过处理后的工业废弃物, 目前已被列入国家危险废物名单, 其中含有铜, 锌, 镍, 锡, 铅等多种有价金属, 为了回收其中的有价金属, 文中研究了电镀污泥碳热还原中锌、锡和铅挥发规律及动力学。通过电镀污泥碳热还原实验可知, 当碳热还原温度提高至1 523 K时, 在该温度下碳热还原60 min, Zn的挥发率可达到96.98%, Sn的挥发率可达到96.24%, Pb的挥发率可达到95.37%, 且高温有利于Zn、Sn及Pb的碳热还原挥发。电镀污泥碳热还原动力学实验结果表明, Mckwan反应方程能较好地描述电镀污泥碳热还原反应体系, Zn、Sn及Pb还原挥发活化能分别为149.50、138.01、132.26 kJ/mol, 电镀污泥碳热还原过程受界面化学反应控制。      

烧结机协同处置危废过程中Pb、As的挥发特性研究

使用PbO和NaAsO2代替危险废物中的重金属化合物,研究了烧结机协同处置过程中Pb和As的挥发特性.首先对PbO和NaAsO2进行热重实验,然后将其与烧结原料混合均匀后进行煅烧和消解,最后得到重金属的挥发量和固化量.讨论了不同煅烧温度和时间下Pb和As的挥发规律,分析了温度对Pb、As固化量的影响.结果表明,PbO中...     

镍铁合金中杂质元素铜的去除

 镍铁合金是生产不锈钢的重要原料,其中的杂质元素必须严格控制,杂质元素铜质量分数过高会引起加工热脆性,通过加入脱铜剂FeS对镍铁合金中杂质元素铜的去除进行了系统研究。研究结果表明,脱铜率随着FeS加入量的增加而增大;镍铁合金中碳质量分数在增大至1%的过程中,脱铜率随着碳质量分数增加不断增大;镍铁合金初始铜质量分数越高,脱铜效果越好;在试验温度高于1 500 ℃的高温条件下,温度的升高对脱铜效果有影响但效果不显著。     

铜镍合金中Cu,Ni的选择性浸出研究

研究了在盐酸和硝酸体系中,温度、浸出剂浓度和浸出时间对铜镍合金中铜、镍的浸出行为的影响.结果表明,硝酸体系中,铜、镍的浸出速度较快,均可在短时间内完全浸出,无法选择性分离.在6.0 mol/L HCl溶液中,在70℃条件下浸出3 h,90%的镍可浸出,而铜浸出率很低,仅为3%,基本上可以实现铜、镍的分离.     

改性污泥固体燃料工程示范及生命周期评价

污泥焚烧的优势在于可以迅速及较大程度实现污泥无害化和减量化。基于前期不同物质(矿化垃圾筛上物、木屑、M1脱水剂和煤粉)对污泥脱水性能改善和热值提高的研究,建立含水率75%~85%的原生污泥干化固体燃料示范工程(处理能力1~3 t/d),并对污泥填埋、原污泥干化焚烧以及改性污泥干化焚烧3种方式进行全生命周期评价。结果表明,改性污泥焚烧具有较高的能量输出,但全球变暖及人体毒性指标较高;污泥及矿化垃圾中所含的重金属挥发是造成人体毒性指标较高的主要原因。因此,通过改变焚烧条件或添加剂组分,从而调整重金属的底灰/烟气分配比及完善尾气处理设备是减少人体毒性的必要途径。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.