红树莓山楂复合乳酸菌发酵饮料的工艺

为更好地利用红树莓和山楂,将其打汁,按照一定的比例混合,以植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌作为发酵菌种,制作成乳酸菌发酵饮品.以活菌数和感官评分作为评价指标,考察发酵时间、果汁稀释倍数、乳酸菌接种浓度和红树莓汁/山楂汁体积比对乳酸菌发酵果汁品质的影响.通过单因素试验和正交优化试验,结果发现果汁稀释倍数、乳酸菌接种...     

乳饮料生产工艺讲座 第七讲 乳酸菌饮料

乳酸菌饮料一般分为:(1)以发酵乳为主要成分的液状酸奶型乳酸菌饮料和(2)以果汁为主要成分的果汁型乳酸菌饮料二种。     

毛酸浆乳酸菌发酵果汁的体外消化耐受性及抗氧化活性变化

以植物乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌分别发酵的毛酸浆果汁为原料,采用体外模拟胃肠消化体系,对发酵果汁中两种乳酸菌的消化耐受性、多酚含量及抗氧化活性的变化进行了研究。结果表明:在体外模拟胃肠消化10h后,植物乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌菌落总数分别为7.54CFU/m L和7.82CFU/m L。体外消化前后,毛酸浆发酵果汁多酚含量由0.33±0.01mg/m L及0.40±0.03mg/mL提高到1.37±0.03 mg/mL及1.30±0.01 mg/mL,多酚释放量与胃液p H值呈正相关。在模拟胃液消化2 h后,植物乳杆菌发酵果汁的DPPH·、ABTS+·清除力和总还原力(FRAP)分别上升了4.92%、23.80%和41.32%(p0.05);而发酵乳杆菌发酵果汁分别上升了4.98%、15.55%和17.72%。结果提示,经体外消化后毛酸浆果汁中两种乳酸菌-植物乳杆菌和发酵乳酸菌仍具有很好的活力,果汁中多酚含量和抗氧化活性均较高。     

雪莲果汁的乳酸菌发酵特性的研究

以鲜榨并经灭菌的雪莲果汁为原料,分别接入4种不同的乳酸菌(干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌)进行发酵,比较发酵过程中乳酸菌活菌数、pH、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、黏度、多糖、糖组分、褐变以及感官等变化。结果表明,4种乳酸菌均能在雪莲果汁中很好地生长,发酵36 h,活菌数达到8.0 lg cfu/mL以上;其中鼠李糖乳杆菌在发酵48 h的活菌数达到了8.4 lg cfu/mL,且产酸量略高于其他3种菌,pH较其他3种菌降得更低;发酵过程中葡萄糖含量明显下降,果糖、蔗糖和低聚糖没有明显的变化,多糖含量和黏度总体下降。此外,在感官评价方面,鼠李糖乳杆菌也优于其他乳酸菌种。综上所述,雪莲果汁以鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵为宜。     

植物乳植杆菌发酵复合果汁饮料香气成分变化过程的分析

经乳酸菌发酵可显著改善果蔬汁饮料的风味，并提高产品营养价值。文章以芒果、哈密瓜复合果汁为发酵基质，通过植物乳植杆菌发酵，并对不同发酵时间果汁的pH、挥发性香气成分的变化过程以及感官品质进行测定。结果表明，果汁经发酵36 h后，pH值下降至3.5，并保持恒定至发酵结束；同时，随着发酵过程的进展，复合果汁中的醛、醇、酸、酯等物质均呈现逐步积累趋势；此外，不同发酵时间复合果汁的香气组成有较大差异，其中发酵36 h时果汁中的挥发性气味物质达最多，主要特征化合物为2-庚酮、2-乙基己醇、甲酸己酯、1-石竹烯、2-壬酮等，可进一步赋予发酵果汁花香、果香和酯香。同时，感官评价结果表明，经乳植杆菌发酵36 h复合果汁的感官品质亦达到最佳。     

新疆药桑果乳杆菌发酵饮料研制

以新疆药桑果为原料,利用植物乳杆菌发酵,研制具有药桑果特殊风味和营养价值的药桑果乳酸发酵饮料。采用响应面法优化药桑果饮料发酵工艺条件,在单因素实验基础上,选取菌种接种量、发酵时间、发酵温度、药桑果果汁料水比为影响因子,以发酵饮料感官评分为响应值,应用Box-behnken中心组合实验设计建立数学模型,进行响应面分析,并测定成品中乳酸菌总数、总黄酮含量、总酸、可溶性固形物。结果表明,药桑果发酵饮料最佳发酵条件为:植物乳杆菌接种量2%、发酵时间20h、发酵温度35℃、药桑果果汁料水比1∶21。在此条件下,发酵饮料的乳酸菌活菌数量为4.3×1010CFU/m L、感官评分为84.5。     

枸杞果汁发酵过程复合乳酸菌的实时定量检测

利用植物乳植杆菌（Lactiplantibacillus plantarum）、发酵粘液乳杆菌（Limosilactobacillus fermentum）和瑞士乳杆菌（Lactobacillus helveticus）混合菌种进行枸杞果汁发酵。该研究对乳酸菌亚致死修复液的组成和修复温度进行优化,分别针对3株乳酸菌设计特异性引物,利用叠氮溴化丙锭（PMA）-荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（fqPCR）的方法,实时荧光定量检测枸杞果汁发酵过程中乳酸菌活菌数。结果表明,优化修复液的组成为蛋白胨1 g/L、牛肉浸出粉0.3 g/L、氯化钠0.5 g/L、吐温80 0.10 g/L、丙酮酸钠0.09 g/L、过氧化氢酶0.04 g/L、MgCl2 3 mmol/L、Na2HPO4 1 mmol/L、MnCl2 2 mmol/L和FeCl2 2 mmol/L。在27 ℃条件下培养15 min,乳酸菌亚致死细胞修复率达到97%。利用该方法实现了枸杞果汁发酵过程不同乳酸菌的实时定量检测,为今后枸杞果汁发酵生产过程中的微生物动态监测提供了方法。     

自然发酵泡菜中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其在金刺梨汁发酵中的应用

该研究从自然发酵泡菜中分离乳酸菌,通过形态观察、生理生化试验及分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定,然后对其生长、产酸、降解亚硝酸盐和抑菌性能进行测定,筛选性能优良的乳酸菌,并将其应用到金刺梨果汁发酵中。结果表明,分离筛选到2株产酸能力强、抑菌效果好且降解亚硝酸盐能力＞83%的优良乳酸菌,编号分别为BJ-1、BJ-31,经鉴定分别为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）和短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus brevis）。与自然发酵金刺梨果汁相比,人工接种这两株菌发酵金刺梨果汁,显著缩短了发酵周期（P＜0.05）,将自然发酵所需的一个月缩短为3 d,且极大地减少了金刺梨果汁发酵过程中主要营养成分的损耗,改善了金刺梨果汁的风味。发酵结束后,采用菌株BJ-1和BJ-31发酵的金刺梨果汁中维生素C（VC）含量分别为（1 571.35±49.21） mg/100 g和（1 526.41±49.36） mg/100 g,超氧化歧化酶（SOD）活力分别为（3 546.79±138.31） U/g和（3 402.42±141.71） U/g,感官评分分别为（7.20±0.75）分和（7.29±1.00）分。     

梅茄汁乳酸菌饮料的研制

以青梅、番茄为原料,添加有益健康的菊粉,进行复合乳酸菌发酵,采用4因素3水平正交试验,并通过综合平衡法修正,确定试验最佳工艺为：青梅汁和番茄汁配比2.5:1,果汁总含量40%,菊粉5%,蔗糖7%,CMC-Na 0.1%,乳酸菌接种量5%,保加利亚乳杆菌：嗜热链球菌:植物性乳杆菌=1:1:3,45 ℃发酵6 h,4 ℃冷藏20 h。产品呈明黄,色彩鲜艳,口感酸甜爽口,无明显分层沉淀,具有青梅及发酵制品特有的香味。     

蓝莓果汁发酵工艺优化及挥发性风味物质分析

为改善蓝莓果汁的风味,采用酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）和乳酸菌分阶段发酵工艺制备发酵蓝莓果汁。通过单因素试验与正交试验优化发酵蓝莓果汁发酵工艺条件,并利用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS）技术对发酵前后蓝莓果汁挥发性风味物质进行分析。结果表明,最佳发酵条件为酿酒酵母接种量2‰,植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）与干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）比例为3∶1,接种量为1.5‰,发酵时间18 h,发酵温度34 ℃。在此优化条件下,发酵蓝莓果汁总酯含量为101.3 mg/L。GC-MS结果表明,发酵后蓝莓果汁共检出19种挥发性香气成分,其中酯类8种,醇类6种、醛类3种,酚类1种及烯烃类1种。与未发酵蓝莓果汁比较,发酵后的蓝莓果汁挥发性风味物质增加10种,其中酯类、醇类物质分别增加7种、3种,含量是未发酵蓝莓果汁的44.6倍、12.8倍。因此,发酵后蓝莓果汁风味物质更加丰富。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the