共查询到13条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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V. V. Zamashchikov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2009,45(1):8-13
The effect of modulations of the velocity of the gas flow incident on the flame on the average flame velocity over a shallow
liquid is studied. It is shown that the average flame velocity depends on the modulation frequency. If the modulation frequency
is higher than the flame oscillation eigenfrequency, then, upon the imposition of the modulation, the flame velocity first
increases and then gradually returns to the initial value. At frequencies close to the flame oscillation eigenfrequency, the
average flame velocity is constant but is higher than the initial value.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 11–17, January–February, 2009. 相似文献
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Originally conceived as an apparatus to study near‐limit flames and their breakup into flamelets and later modified to function as a microgravity simulation apparatus, the narrow channel apparatus serves also as a facility for examining long time flame spread and material flammability in on‐earth (terrestrial) applications. These applications include flame spread in narrow gaps, persistence of flame in heat‐loss environments, and flame‐to‐flamelet front transition. The narrow channel apparatus tests described here measure behavior of the spreading flame and features of the flame‐to‐flamelet transition. Measured quantities include flow, flame and flamelet velocities in normal and inverted tests, flow deceleration and acceleration rates with associated flame or flamelet response, flame‐to‐flamelet transition times, and influences of fuel thickness. The principal goal of this research was to ascertain the capacity of the narrow channel apparatus to produce data for phenomena observed in both (1) simulated microgravity flame spread and (2) terrestrial flame spread in narrow gaps and channels. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Experimental methods and theoretical analysis are employed to investigate effects of channel opening area on downward flame spread characteristics of extruded polystyrene (XPS) thermal insulation materials on building facade. The average flame height first drops and then rises as dimensionless opening area (the ratio of sidewall opening area to sidewall area, ie, S*) increases. As S* rises, both the average and maximum temperature of the curtain wall decrease, and the decreasing of the average temperature is linear. XPS surface temperature history can be divided into four stages, ie, inapparent rising stage (preheating), significant rising stage (melting), dropping stage (pyrolysis), and rerising stage (ignition). The preheating length first rises and then drops as S* increases. The XPS flame spreads steadily at the early period while acceleration occurs at the later period. For different opening areas, the difference in spread distance history is not apparent in the early stage while this difference is significant in the later stage. The flame spread rate (Vf) first increases and then decreases as S* rises. A downward flame spread model for XPS in vertical channel with openings is built. The varied trend of Vf predicted using this model corresponds to the experimental result. 相似文献
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Fire hazard of extruded polystyrene (XPS) thermal insulation materials has aroused public concern. In order to develop flame spread theory and the guideline for fire risk assessment of XPS, an experimental study on upward flame spread behavior and heat transfer mechanism of XPS in a vertical channel with different frontal shielding rates was conducted. Maximum temperature at the place 2 cm from XPS surface and at the center of channel first increase and then decrease as the shielding rate rises. The former is higher than the latter. Experimental value of average flame height rises as the shielding rate increases. A model for predicting the flame height is built, and the predicted results are consistent with the experimental results. Moreover, the relation between flame height and pyrolysis height under different shielding rates is obtained. The flame spread rate rises as the shielding rate increases. A prediction model of flame spread rate is established, and its prediction results are more accurate compared with those from previous models. The model also predicts that radiative heat transfer is the dominant heat transfer mode, accounting for 93% of the total heat transfer. This work is beneficial for fire risk assessment and fire safety design of building façade. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the effects of coflow O2 level and temperature on diffusion flame of a CH4/H2 jet in hot coflow(JHC) from a burner system similar to that of Dally et al.The coflow O2 mass fraction(y*O2) is varied from 3% to 80% and the temperature(T*cof) from 1200 K to 1700 K.The Eddy Dissipation Concept(EDC) model with detailed reaction mechanisms GRI-Mech 3.0 is used for all simulations.To validate the modeling,several JHC flames are predicted under the experimental conditions of Dally et al.[Proc.Combust.Inst.,29(1),1147-1154(2002)] and the results obtained match well with the measurements.Results demonstrate that,when y*O2 decreased,the diffusion combustion is likely to transform from traditional combustion to MILD(Moderate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution) combustion mode.When cof T* is higher,the temperature distribution over the whole domain trends to be more uniform.Reducing y*O2 or cof T* leads to less production of intermediate species OH and CO.It is worth noting that if y*O2 is high enough(y*O2>80%),increasing y*O2 does not cause obvious temperature increase. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the effects of coflow O2 level and temperature on diffusion flame of a CH4/H2 jet in hot coflow (JHC) from a burner system similar to that of Dally et al. The coflow O2 mass fraction (yO2*) is varied from 3% to 80% and the temperature (Tcof*) from 1200 K to 1700 K. The Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) model with detailed reaction mechanisms GRI-Mech 3.0 is used for all simulations. To validate the modeling, several JHC flames are predicted under the experimental conditions of Dally et al. [Proc. Combust. Inst., 29 (1), 1147-1154 (2002)] and the results obtained match well with the measurements. Results demonstrate that, when yO2* decreased, the diffusion combustion is likely to transform from traditional combustion to MILD (Moderate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution) combustion mode. When Tcof* is higher, the temperature distribution over the whole domain trends to be more uniform. Reducing yO2* or Tcof* leads to less production of intermediate species OH and CO. It is worth noting that if yO2* is high enough (yO2*>80%), increasing yO2* does not cause obvious temperature increase. 相似文献
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The active phase of a bulk metallic copper catalyst is investigated by surface sensitive X-ray absorption spectroscopy at
the oxygen K-edge and the Cu L-edges in the total electron yield mode under practical steady state flow-through conditions.
The active catalyst surface contains oxygen atoms revealing significant spectral differences compared to those of known copper
oxides. The partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde is correlated to the abundance of this copper suboxide. These oxygen
atoms probe defects of the copper lattice, which represent catalytically active sites. The suboxide is undetectable under
UHV conditions. The total oxidation of methanol is catalysed by a conventional copper(I) oxide species and the abundance of
carbon dioxide in the gas phase is increasing with decreasing integrated intensity of the oxide species.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Liang Wang Yuhong Dong Shichuan Su Chengyin Wei Haibin Cui Chenyu Guo Desheng Feng 《火与材料》2019,43(2):189-199
The spread of fire over liquid fuel is a common phenomenon, and it has been demonstrated experimentally that the flame length and tilt angle change with the transient heat release rate and different positions of the flame. The coupling relationship between these factors is studied in this paper. The experiments are composed of a rectangular pool with dimensions of 80 cm × 6 cm × 5 cm and crosswind with speeds of 0.8 to 2.4 m/s. Diesel is used as the fuel, and a new method is applied to ensure that the initial temperature of the diesel is constant during ignition. The results show that the traditional method of luminous flame intermittency may not be suitable for studying the geometric characteristics of the spread of fire over a pool, and a new method is proposed. In addition, the transient variation of flame length in different positions of the pool is shown to fluctuate around a mean flame length. The evolution of flame tilt angle along the longitudinal direction of the pool exhibits a U‐shaped curve. Moreover, the multivariate nonlinear relationships of mean flame length and tilt angle among the heat release rate, fire position, and wind speed are established, and relevant coefficients are determined. 相似文献
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对流体层流横掠多孔介质中恒热流加热的平板,应用Brinkman-Forchheime-extended Darcy流动模型和流体与多孔介质之间局部非热平衡理论建立守恒方程组,应用数量级分析和积分法,得出了速度边界层厚度、热边界层厚度、壁面黏性摩擦系数和对流传热系数、流体与多孔介质之间局部温差的计算公式。结果表明,速度边界层与光板时明显不同,其在平板前端迅速增长,之后越来越平坦,趋于一个恒定值;而热边界层则沿着流动方向不断增长,类似于光板时的情况;局部的表面对流传热系数在平板前端达最大值,之后逐渐减小,也类似于光板时的情况;多孔介质与流体间的局部温差在平板前端达最大值,之后呈现沿着流动方向逐渐减小的变化趋势。 相似文献
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A review on the mechanical and electrical properties of graphite and modified graphite reinforced polymer composites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rajatendu SenguptaMithun Bhattacharya S. BandyopadhyayAnil K. Bhowmick 《Progress in Polymer Science》2011,36(5):638-670
Carbon materials particularly in the form of sparkling diamonds have held mankind spellbound for centuries, and in its other forms, like coal and coke continue to serve mankind as a fuel material, like carbon black, carbon fibers, carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes meet requirements of reinforcing filler in several applications. All these various forms of carbon are possible because of the element's unique hybridization ability. Graphene (a single two-dimensional layer of carbon atoms bonded together in the hexagonal graphite lattice), the basic building block of graphite, is at the epicenter of present-day materials research because of its high values of Young's modulus, fracture strength, thermal conductivity, specific surface area and fascinating transport phenomena leading to its use in multifarious applications like energy storage materials, liquid crystal devices, mechanical resonators and polymer composites. In this review, we focus on graphite and describe its various modifications for use as modified fillers in polymer matrices for creating polymer-carbon nanocomposites. 相似文献