利用酶处理提高油的浸出量

以大豆为例讨论了酶处理的原理，方法和各因素对油的浸出率的影响，实验得知酶处理不仅可缩短油的浸出时间，还可增加油的产量，提高油的质量。     

辣木叶总黄酮乙醇提取工艺的研究

对辣木叶中总黄酮的乙醇提取工艺进行了研究。探讨乙醇浓度、浸提温度、料液比、浸提时间、浸提次数对辣木叶中总黄酮提取效果的影响，在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验确定最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明：辣木叶中总黄酮类物质的最佳提取条件为70％的乙醇溶液作提取剂，提取温度60℃，料液比1：20，提取3次，每次1h，在此条件下，提取液中的总黄酮含量达到3．95％。     

PRODUCTION AND USE OF YEAST PECTOLYTIC ENZYMES TO AID PINEAPPLE JUICE EXTRACTION

A crude preparation of pectolytic enzyme was obtained by culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC512712) in pineapple juice. Maximum cell growth was obtained on the 6th day after inoculation. Correspondingly, optimum protein concentration and enzyme activity were also observed on the 6th day old culture. Although not purified, the addition of this crude enzyme extract to crushed pineapple mash at 0.02% resulted in a significant increase in juice yield (P≥0.05). The overall processing time was also significantly reduced (P≤0.05) with the enzyme treatment compared to controls. A combination of 0.02% enzyme treatment of mash for 30 min, was found to be the most effective dosage in reducing the processing time significantly.     

溶剂法提取紫花苜蓿籽油

为了充分利用我国丰富的盐生植物资源，采用几种不同溶剂对紫花苜蓿籽进行提取，通过索氏提取选定了无水乙醚为最佳提取溶剂和最佳粒度60目。采用有机溶剂浸提法进行提取，通过正交实验确定最佳条件：提取温度40℃，提取时间60min，溶剂用量1：7。最佳条件下的出油率为12．933％。     

超声波辅助提取葡萄籽油的工艺研究

采用单因素试验和正交试验,进行超声波辅助提取葡萄籽油的研究,得到超声波辅助提取葡萄籽油的最佳工艺条件.结果表明:选用石油醚作为萃取溶剂,超声时间为40min,超声功率为120w,料液比为0.100g∶1mL,温度为70℃,效果最佳,测得葡萄籽油提取率为14.05%.     

超声-微波协同提取刺山柑籽油的研究

以刺山柑籽为原料,采用超声波-微波协同提取技术提取刺山柑籽油,研究提取温度、提取时间、液料比对刺山柑籽油提取率的影响.结果表明,当提取温度55℃,提取时间25min,液料比11时,刺山柑籽油提取率最高,可达到(20.48±0.36)%.与常规溶剂法相比较,提取时间短,得率高.     

玉米胚芽的水酶法提油新工艺

利用对玉米胚芽的水热预处理，使其中天然存在的酶失活并使结构疏松，油路疏通。接着进行捣碎和酶处理。酶反应后，离心分离出油脂，所建立起的一种玉米胚芽油提取新工艺方法。水热预处理的最佳pH值，处理时间和处理温度及捣碎程度经过优化后被确定。毛油酸价为1．39％，磷脂含量为0．029％，生育酚含量为1270mg／kg，过氧化值为1．02meq／kg，色泽淡黄，氧化稳定性数值为13．8h（Rancimat仪），油脂品质是好的。     

水酶法在植物油脂提取中的应用

介绍了水酶法的作用原理及工艺,总结了水酶法提油特点和在几种主要植物油脂（花生、大豆、芝麻、菜籽、玉米胚芽）提取中的应用及进展,最后介绍了水酶法在植物油提取方面的应用前景.     

玉米胚水酶法提油工艺机理探索

探索了玉米胚水酶法提油工艺机理，结果表明：缓冲液中蛋白质溶出量随热处理时间的延长而增加，在pH50时，溶出量最低，偏离pH5．0越远，溶出量越高。热处理时间越长，缓冲液pH越低，酶解体系中低分子量蛋白质及肽所占比例越高。     

USE OF PROTEASES TO ENHANCE SOLUBILIZATION OF RICE BRAN PROTEINS1

Extraction yields of rice bran protein increased with the use of protease as the degree of hydrolysis (DH) increased, reaching 92% at a 10% DH value. Extraction of rice bran proteins was also carried out using limited proteolysis to 2% DH with Na₂SO₃ and/or SDS (0.2 mmol/g protein). Protein recovery increased from 74% to 80, 81, and 84% in the presence of Na₂SO₃, SDS and both, respectively. The presence of Na₂SO₃ or SDS yielded protein hydrolysates of a broader range of medium sized peptides with 78% of these protein hydrolysates having M_r of 11–68 kDa. Accordingly, use of proteases can be an efficient method for recovering high quality, value-added ingredients from the proteins of rice bran for food use.     

超声波处理提取葵花籽油的研究

研究了超声波强度,处理时间,溶剂用量,提取次数对葵花籽油提取率的影响,得出最佳提取参数为:超声波强度为200KW/m2,处理15min,样品与溶剂比(g押mL)1:7,提取2次,提取效果理想。     

超声波辅助提取黄瓜籽油的工艺

以黄瓜籽粉为原料考察超声波辅助提取黄瓜籽油的主要影响因素,通过正交试验获得最佳提取工艺条件:以石油醚为溶剂,料液比为1:8,超声波功率90W,20℃提取10 min.在此条件下,黄瓜籽油得油率可达39.64%,所得油脂澄清、透明,呈浅黄色.     

超临界CO2萃取红松子油的研究

研究超临界CO2萃取红松子油的影响因素，在试验条件下，其影响因素次序为萃取压力、夹带剂、萃取温度、萃取时间。最优条件为35MPa，45℃，240min，5％无水乙醇作夹带剂，CO2流量20L／h～25L／h。45oC时，在15MPa和35MPa两种不同的压力下，对比了加入5％无水乙醇作夹带剂与不使用夹带剂时超临界CO2萃取过程中出油量随时间的变化，使用夹带剂后出油量均有提高。     

AQUEOUS EXTRACTION OF OIL AND PROTEIN FROM SOYBEAN AND LUPIN: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

This study compares the effects of extrusion pretreatment and protease addition during aqueous extraction processing (AEP) of soybean and lupin flakes. AEP of flakes resulted in the lowest yields of oil (56%), protein (71%) and [cream  +  free oil] (8%) for soybean, while for lupin, yields were 48, 69 and 2%, respectively. AEP protein extraction yields were decreased by extrusion pretreatment, but this pretreatment improved enzymatic action, increasing protein extractability from soybean and lupin by 47 and 26%, respectively. For both protein crops, enzyme-assisted AEP (EAEP) of extruded flakes yielded the highest oil, protein and [cream  +  free oil] yields, which were 96, 85 21%, respectively, for soybean. Yields for lupin were 81, 77 and 10%, respectively. Extrusion followed by enzyme addition positively impacted demulsification yield, the creams from EAEP of soybean and lupin extruded flakes being the less stable toward enzymatic demulsification .

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The vegetable oil industry is looking for alternatives to the traditional solvent extraction of oil-bearing seeds, and there is a need to increase the inefficient conventional aqueous extraction of protein from residual defatted meal, a by-product of the oil extraction process. The concept of enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing (EAEP) has been successfully developed for extruded soybean material, but its efficiency on other oil-bearing seeds still needs to be demonstrated. By determining the oil and protein extraction yields recovered during EAEP of extruded lupin flakes, the feasibility of transferring this process from soybean to other oilseeds will be established.