钢纤维喷射砂浆力学性能与流动度多因素正交试验分析

为探究基体因素对钢纤维喷射砂浆力学性能和流动度的影响,基于正交试验方法对砂浆试件进行了力学性能和流动度测试。结果表明：砂胶比(A)对劈裂抗拉强度的影响较大,对7 d抗压强度有一定的影响,对后期抗折强度影响特别显著;钢纤维掺量(B)对劈裂抗拉强度、前期抗折强度和前中期抗压强度的影响分别为特别显著、显著和不显著;速凝剂掺量(C)对7 d前抗压强度、中后期劈裂抗拉强度影响显著;粉煤灰掺量(D)仅对后期抗压强度的影响显著;前述四种因素掺量对流动度的影响均不显著。由层次分析法得到对抗压强度、抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度和流动度改善效果最佳的配合比分别为A₁B₃C₃D₁、A₃B₃C₁D₂、A₃B₃C₃D₁、A₂B₁C₁D₃,由功效系数法得到综合最佳配合比为A...     

基于正交实验的换热器循环水电化学除垢系统优化

为了研究电化学水软化系统中操作参数对除垢量的影响程度,建立循环水电化学水软化系统。设计正交实验,分析电解电压、电极板间距与溶液初始硬度等实验因素及水平数对系统除垢量的影响。结果表明,在实验工况条件下,影响除垢效率的主次因素依次为溶液起始硬度、电解电压、电极板间距。综合性能最优的水平组合为:电压为30 V,电极板间距为50 mm,溶液起始硬度为1 000 mg×L~(-1)。电化学水软化法适合软化高硬度的循环水,优化电化学软化水装置应优先考虑适当增大电解电压,其次是减小电极板间距。     

黄精总黄酮的提取工艺优化及抗氧化研究

为了探究黄精总黄酮的最佳提取工艺及其抗氧化能力，用超声波辅助提取的方法，通过单因素和正交实验，得到最佳提取工艺；并以抗坏血酸为对照，用DPPH自由基的清除率评价黄精总黄酮的抗氧化活性。通过实验分析得到影响提取顺序为料液比、温度、乙醇浓度、提取时间，正交试验的最佳提取工艺为A₂B₃C₁D₁;黄精总黄酮对DPPH自由基有显著的清除能力。该工艺易操作、方便、提取速度，抗氧化活性较好，对黄精总黄酮的提取、利用和保健药品开发具有一定的参考价值。     

酶解辅助——超声提取岗梅总黄酮研究

以芦丁为标准品，建立岗梅总黄酮含量测定标准曲线；单因素考察岗梅总黄酮影响因素，并建立以酶用量(A)为6,9,12 mL,料液比(B)为1∶10,1∶15,1∶20(g∶mL),乙醇体积分数(C)实验，以期得到岗梅总黄酮酶解辅助超声提取最佳工艺。研究得出，岗梅总黄酮超声提取最优方法为：A₂B₃C₂D₃,即酶用量9 mL,料液比1∶20(g∶mL),乙醇体积分数60%,超声次数3次。本实验优选出的最佳提取方法方便、可靠、提取率高，适合岗梅总黄酮提取。     

基于正交实验的电化学除垢特性研究

为达到工业循环水软化的目的,采用正交实验法研究了多因素对电化学软化水特性的影响,得出了电化学水软化的最优水平组合。在实际工况条件下,以除垢量和除垢率为实验指标,基于正交实验法进行实验研究,并进行直观分析和极差、方差分析。结果表明,影响除垢效率的因素依次为硬度(A)间距(D)极板类型(C)电压(B)反应时间(E)。最佳工艺条件为:硬度为1 000 mg/L、电压为20 V、3 mm×6 mm钛网、间距为50 mm、溶液反应时间为10 h;在该条件下电化学除垢的去除率达到97.08%。     

基于计算机模拟技术的电机外壳注塑成型工艺优化研究

基于计算机模拟技术模拟某电机外壳的注塑成型过程,以最大翘曲变形量为目标,探究工艺参数优化方案。通过对比流动前沿温度、注射压力和翘曲变形量,确定最佳的进胶方案。针对初始工艺下最大翘曲变形量不满足要求的问题,设计正交试验并进行分析。结果表明：熔体温度对最大翘曲变形量影响极显著,模具温度和注射压力对最大翘曲变形量影响显著,而保压压力对最大翘曲变形量的影响不显著。优化工艺参数组合为A₂B₃C₂D₃。优化工艺下最大翘曲变形量为0.526 mm,相比优化前降低26.8%,并达到设计指标要求。通过实际试模,验证优化工艺具有可行性。     

基于计算机辅助工程的测绘仪连接器注塑参数优化

以某玻纤增强PA66材料的测绘仪连接器为研究对象,为降低最大翘曲变形量和质量,设计正交试验探究的工艺参数优化方案。工艺参数对最大翘曲变形量的影响程度排序为：模腔温度>保压压力>注射时间>料筒温度,对质量的影响程度排序为：料筒温度>注射时间>模腔温度>保压压力。基于各因素影响的显著性程度,最优的工艺参数组合为A₄B₄C₂D₃.。相比初始工艺,优化工艺下最大翘曲变形量降低44.9%,质量降低9.3%,均达到设计指标要求。模拟分析及实际试模发现,产品外观良好、尺寸公差满足要求,验证优化工艺的合理性。     

谢桥选煤厂高泥化煤泥水絮凝沉降研究

分析了谢桥选煤厂入洗原煤的泥化试验以及煤泥性质,找出该厂煤泥水难处理的主要原因,并采用正交试验探究不同药剂制度对煤泥水沉降速度的影响规律。试验结果的极差分析表明,以澄清层浊度、沉降速度为考察指标,各因素主次为A(絮凝剂)>B(凝聚剂)>C(煤泥水浓度),最优沉降条件为A₃B₃C₁;方差分析表明,絮凝剂浓度对该煤泥沉降后澄清层浊度以及沉降速度都有高显著影响。     

A2B2O7(A=Ln3+,B=Zr4+,Hf4+Ti4+Ce4+)型透明陶瓷研究进展

A₂B₂O₇型化合物具有高熔点、高密度和高折射率等特点,在照明材料、航空材料、医疗成像、磁光材料等领域具有潜在应用价值。随着陶瓷制备工艺的进步,透明陶瓷的光学、力学和热学等性能不断提升使A₂B₂O₇型透明陶瓷受到越来越多研究者的关注,本文介绍了一些A₂B₂O₇型透明陶瓷的制备工艺、性能参数和其潜在的应用价值。     

玻纤增强PPS电机接插件注塑成型优化

以一款由玻纤增强聚苯硫醚(PPS)材料制备的电机接插件为研究对象，利用注塑成型模拟方法探究其安装孔平均轴线偏移量的工艺优化方案。基于初始工艺得到安装孔平均轴线偏移量为0.192 4 mm，不满足设计指标要求。设计L₉(3⁴)的正交试验，得到各工艺参数对安装孔平均轴线偏移的影响程度排序为：保压压力>保压时间>熔体温度>模具温度，理论最优工艺参数为A₃B₁C₃D₂。该优化工艺组合的安装孔平均轴线偏移量为0.108 9 mm，满足设计指标要求，相比初始工艺仿真结果降低43.4%。采用优化工艺组合进行注塑成型的模拟分析及实际试模的结果均满足要求，验证本实验优化方案的可行性。     

Analysis of water softening characteristics of electrochemical method based on orthogonal experiment

To study the influence of multiple factors on the characteristics of electrochemical water softening, an orthogonal experiment method was used to quantitatively analyze the mechanism of the influencing factors. The optimal combination scheme of electrochemical water softening was obtained. Five factors and five levels were selected for orthogonal experiments, and the time of experiments was reduced from 5⁵ to 25. The results showed that the concentration was the most significant factor affecting the experimental results. The best combination schemes are A₃B₂C₁D₄E₃ and A₂B₅C₃D₁. At a voltage of 10 V, when the spacing is less than 125 mm, the amount of scale ion removal per unit energy consumption increases as the spacing increases. When the spacing is greater than 125 mm, the removal amount of scale ion per unit energy consumption decreases with the increase of the spacing. When the voltage exceeds 10 V, it can increase the proportion of ion removal per unit energy consumption and reduce energy consumption because of the use of high-frequency power. Reducing the voltage is an important way to increase the amount of descaling per unit energy consumption. The research results can provide a basis for the structural optimization and parameter control of electrochemical water softening characteristics as well as the selection of the power supply of the electrochemical softening water device.     

基于综合加权评分法的空气滤清器注塑成型优化

针对某45%玻纤增强PP材料的空气滤清器的注塑成型进行仿真模拟,并利用正交试验探究工艺参数的优化方案。结果表明:安装孔轴偏移量及出口管圆柱度不满足设计指标要求。各工艺参数对综合加权评分的影响程度排序为:熔体温度>注射时间>v/p切换体积>模具温度>保压压力。综合考虑成本和周期,得到工艺参数组合为A₃B₂C₁D₁E₁,即注射时间为1.3 s、v/p切换体积为98.5%、熔体温度为185℃、模具温度为25℃及保压压力为65%。基于优化工艺的模流分析表明,安装孔轴偏移量及出口管圆柱度均满足设计指标。研究表明优化工艺参数具有合理性。     

飞机气门减震器注塑成型液路孔圆柱度优化分析

以注塑成型的飞机气门减震器为研究对象,探究其液路孔圆柱度的工艺参数优化方案。以熔体温度、模具温度、保压压力及保压时间为研究的自变量,设计正交试验并进行分析。结果表明：各工艺参数对液路孔圆柱度的影响程度排序为：保压时间>熔体温度>模具温度>保压压力。当工艺参数组合为A₂B₂C₂D₃,即熔体温度330℃、模具温度140℃、保压压力80 MPa、保压时间12 s,液路孔圆柱度获得最优值。优化工艺的液路孔圆柱度为0.218 mm,相比初始工艺降低38.6%,优化效果显著,且满足设计指标的要求。采用优化工艺进行试模得到的样品外观状态良好,液路孔圆柱度满足要求,证明优化工艺的合理性。     

电化学-微滤耦合工艺对循环水钙硬度的结晶分离

为解决工业冷却循环水系统中水垢沉积导致换热效率降低和管路腐蚀等问题,本文提出了一种电化学-微滤耦合反应体系,以Ti/SnO_2-Sb₂O₅-RuO₂-IrO₂钛滤膜为阴极,利用电解过程营造的局域强碱性和本身的微滤功能,同步实现钙硬度的高效结晶与分离。在膜反洗阶段,倒极后钛滤膜为阳极,其原位电解产生的H⁺能够溶解附着在膜表面和孔道内的水垢,实现水垢的剥离。结果表明,膜孔径越小,钙硬度去除率越高,以孔径为2μm的钛滤膜作阴极时,钙硬度去除率可达79%。电流密度从1mA/cm²增加到5mA/cm²时,钙硬度去除率从28%增加至86%,但电流密度进一步增加至10mA/cm²后,钙硬度去除率下降至78%。碱度增加有利于钙硬度的去除,当[HCO₃^-]/[Ca²⁺]摩尔比从0.7∶1提升至1.4∶1时,钙硬度去除率从53%增加至83%。当流速从5mL/min增加到20mL/min时,钙硬度去除率从84%下降至46%,能耗由3.06kWh/kgCaCO₃降为1.38kWh/kgCaCO₃,远低于传统电化学除硬体系。膜表面滤饼形成和膜孔内堵塞是引起钛滤膜污染的主要机制,经极性反转后,膜通量可恢复至78%左右。XRD和SEM分析表明,钛滤膜表面富集的CaCO₃主要为方解石晶型。电化学-微滤耦合除硬以及膜反洗过程主要由电子驱动,避免了大量膜清洗剂的使用,为循环水系统中硬度离子的去除提供了新思路。     

Systematic investigation of SO2 adsorption and desorption by porous powdered activated coke: Interaction between adsorption temperature and desorption energy consumption

Porous carbon materials have been widely used for the removal of SO₂ from flue gas. The main objective of this work is to clarify the effects of adsorption temperature on SO₂ adsorption and desorption energy consumption. Coal-based porous powdered activated coke (PPAC) prepared in the drop-tube reactor was used in this study. The N₂ adsorption measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer analysis show that PPAC exhibits a developed pore structure and rich functional groups. The experimental results show that with a decrease in adsorption temperature in the range of 50–150?℃, the adsorption capacity of SO₂ increases linearly; meanwhile, the adsorption capacity of H₂O increases, resulting in the increase in desorption energy consumption per unit mass of adsorbent. The processes of SO₂ and H₂O desorption were determined by the temperature-programmed desorption test, and the desorption energies for each species were calculated. Considering the energy consumption per unit of desorption and the total amount of adsorbent, the optimal adsorption temperature yielding the minimum total energy consumption of regeneration is calculated. This study systematically demonstrates the effect of adsorption temperature on the adsorption–desorption process, providing a basis for energy saving and emission reduction in desulfurization system design.     

酸性气体脱除单元副产二氧化碳中夹带甲醇的去除方案研究

酸性气体脱除单元副产的二氧化碳可作为粉煤气化装置载气循环利用,但其夹带微量甲醇,需经过处理才能达标排放。以某二氧化碳需求量为20000 m³/h的粉煤气化装置为例,分析对比了压缩机段间洗涤和压缩前洗涤两种水洗法脱除二氧化碳中微量甲醇的方案,结果发现水洗法脱除甲醇的方案可行,且压缩机段间洗涤方案较压缩前洗涤方案安全性更高,设备费用更低,能耗低15.5%,每小时可省操作费用105.1元。初步探讨了吸附法用于脱除二氧化碳中微量甲醇的可行性。     

A2N2双污泥系统反硝化除磷工艺的启动与稳定

采用低C/N比实际生活污水,以A₂N₂-SBR（厌氧/硝化/缺氧/硝化）双污泥系统为研究对象,重点考察了A₂N₂系统启动过程中的脱氮除磷特性。试验结果表明：采用在A²/O-SBR和N-SBR单元分别接种种泥,分开培养驯化聚磷菌污泥和硝化菌生物膜,并利用A²/O-SBR单元的出水作为N-SBR单元的进水,25 d好氧硝化菌生物膜挂膜成功,氨氮去除率稳定在93%以上;A²/O-SBR单元采用先厌氧/好氧（A/O）后厌氧/缺氧（A/A）的运行方式,43 d成功培养富集了反硝化聚磷菌（DPAOs）,DPAOs占PAOs的67.81%,反硝化除磷率在77.9%以上;启动成功后原水中约73%和13%的COD分别在A²/O-SBR单元的厌氧段和N-SBR单元曝气过程中被去除,系统出水COD、NH⁺₄-N、PO₄^3--P、TN浓度分别为40.6、0、0.4、13.5 mg·L^-1,达到国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）一级A排放标准。     

Synthesis of Chl@Ti3C2 composites as an anode material for lithium storage

Two-dimensional (2D) titanium carbide MXene Ti₃C₂ has attracted significant research interest in energy storage applications. In this study, we prepared Chl@Ti₃C₂ composites by simply mixing a chlorophyll derivative (e.g., zinc methyl 3-devinyl-3-hydroxymethyl- pyropheophorbide a (Chl)) and Ti₃C₂ in tetrahydrofuran, where the Chl molecules were aggregated among the multi-layered Ti₃C₂ MXene or on its surface, increasing the interlayer space of Ti₃C₂. The as-prepared Chl@Ti₃C₂ was employed as the anode material in the lithium-ion battery (LIB) with lithium metal as the cathode. The resulting LIB exhibited a higher reversible capacity and longer cycle performance than those of LIB based on pure Ti₃C₂, and its specific discharge capacity continuously increased along with the increasing number of cycles, which can be attributed to the gradual activation of Chl@Ti₃C₂ accompanied by the electrochemical reactions. The discharge capacity of 1 wt-% Chl@Ti₃C₂ was recorded to be 325 mA·h·g^–1 at the current density of 50 mA·g^–1 with a Coulombic efficiency of 56% and a reversible discharge capacity of 173 mA·h·g^–1 at the current density of 500 mA·g^–1 after 800 cycles. This work provides a novel strategy for improving the energy storage performance of 2D MXene materials by expanding the layer distance with organic dye aggregates.     

复合网状阴极增强电化学水软化系统性能研究

针对工业循环冷却水系统中低除垢速率限制电化学水软化技术应用的问题,采用多层不同孔径金属丝网耦合的复合网状阴极增强电化学水软化系统性能。结果表明:采用复合阴极的水软化系统除垢速率高达29.16g/(m2·h),能量消耗低至6.0 kW·h/kgCaCO3。系统性能的提升归因于阴极特殊的结构,该结构可将化学反应(碱度产生和水垢沉积)分离和定位到复合网状阴极的不同区域,从而提高了除垢速率。