低温相变蓄冷系统放冷特性的研究

为对工业蓄冷的应用及设计提供理论和实验依据,对内融冰水平盘管式蓄冷槽的放冷特性进行了实验研究,确定了KCl-H2O共晶盐体系在相变蓄冷系统中的传热特性,主要分析了载冷剂的进口温度对它的影响.通过对管外换热系数的实验值和根据导热理论计算值的比较,发现自然对流对换热的影响很大.放冷量用Fo、Ste和Re三个无量纲数回归,拟和得到的关联式可作为蓄冷系统的优化设计与运行的参考.     

翅片管与盘管蓄冷性能的对比实验研究

根据盘管在蓄冰期换热系数较低的情况,提出采用翅片管替代盘管做蓄冰换热器的方案;以片距12.7mm的翅片管换热器与光管换热器进行了对比实验,得到翅片管式蓄冷周期平均蓄冷量高出15.3%,蓄冰量高出25.9%的效果;实验显示,翅片管换热器在蓄冷初期,性能优势不明显,而在蓄冷后期,冰层增厚后,优势逐渐体现。     

平析式蓄冷系统融冰特性模拟与试验研究

本文提出了相互效应系数的概念,将二维的平板式蓄冷系统简化为准一维系统,并建立了理论模型,利用该模型对平板式蓄冷系统融冰放冷过程进行了数值计算,模型计算值与试验值吻合得很好。还讨论了热负荷和载冷剂流理对融冰系统性能的影响。     

基于冷链物流条件下保温箱蓄冷剂的选择分析

目的 根据不同温敏产品冷链物流所需条件(温度和保温时间),对保温包装箱内蓄冷剂的选择进行分析,以提高利用效率.方法 首先建立蓄冷保温箱的有限元模型,分析冷藏和冷冻2种制冷方式时保温箱内部瞬态温度场和有效保温时间,再结合理论计算验证模型的可靠性.在外界环境温度以及箱体各参数均不变的情况下,以蓄冷剂的设计参数(相变温度和相变潜热)为研究对象,拟合出冷藏和冷冻时蓄冷剂的温控图,讨论不同冷链物流条件下保温箱蓄冷剂的选择问题.结果 通过仿真模拟,得出保温箱内温度场分布均匀,有较好的温控效果;仿真和理论所得的保温时间数值相近,最大偏差为6.58％;由仿真数据得出了3种常见冷链物流条件下箱内蓄冷剂设计参数的合理选择范围.结论 在不同冷链物流条件下,合理选择蓄冷剂的设计参数可确保温箱的温控效果,为冷链物流运输中蓄冷剂的选择及控温包装的优化设计提供理论基础.     

平板式蓄冷系统融冰特性模拟与试验研究

利用相互效应系数的概念,将二维的平板式蓄冷系统简化为准一维系统,并建立了理论模型.用该模型对平板式蓄冷系统融冰放冷过程进行了数值计算,模型计算值与试验值吻合得很好.     

气体水合物蓄冷系统设计

本文设计建造了一套可视化、可拆卸间接接触式气体水合物蓄冷实验系统,主要由蓄冷槽、制冷系统、放冷系统以及测量和数据采集系统等组成.并对蓄冷过程传热进行简要分析,包括蓄冷槽冷损失估算、蓄冷量的计算、蓄冷槽内置盘管的传热.     

单个冰球蓄冷过程的数值计算与性能研究

通过对冰球蓄冷过程的分析,在第三类边界条件下考虑过冷度对冰球蓄冷过程的影响,建立冰球蓄冷过程的数值仿真模型,并用实验数据验证模型的正确性。数值计算分析载冷剂温度、对流换热系数、冰球球径以及材质对蓄冷量和凝固完成时间等的影响规律,为冰球蓄冷过程的进一步优化设计和运行提供指导。     

相变蓄冷换热器性能的实验研究

为了提高相变蓄冷换热器的换热效率及其在太阳能空调系统的适应性,本文基于太阳能空调实验系统,研制了一种新型管肋式相变蓄冷换热器。并在典型工况下对单个换热单元进行了蓄冷、释冷循环试验。研究表明,单个换热单元能够在约80分钟完成相变过程。在稳态运行工况下,该新型管肋式相变蓄冷换热器的蓄冷功率可达4 kW,可以满足太阳能空调实验系统对蓄冷装置的设计要求。     

可装卸式蓄冷保温箱冷链运输效果

可装卸式蓄冷保温箱组装、拆卸方便,是蓄冷保温箱发展的趋势。本文实验研究了平菇的冷链运输效果,测定箱内空气温度、平菇中心温度和蓄冷剂温度变化,计算可装卸蓄冷箱冷链运输过程缝隙漏热率,每隔30 h对平菇取样进行感官评定,测定其营养指标变化。结果表明:当环境温度25℃时,56 h后蓄冷剂完全液化,比预计时间少8 h,表明蓄冷剂需求量的估算值偏小,可以使用系数修正法予以调整;可装卸式蓄冷保温箱缝隙漏热率达到12.97%,缝隙漏热量占比大,应优化组装工艺;实验60 h与0 h相比,感官评分下降3.53%,可溶性固形物含量下降5.9%;可溶性蛋白质含量下降4.2%;维生素C含量下降9.96%,实验过程平菇商品价值、营养价值变化不大。     

上浮式蓄冷装置融冰取冷过程的实验研究

提出了一种制取片冰的新方法并建立了实验装置;对装置的融冰过程进行了实验研究,考察了蓄冰槽出口水温随时间的变化关系,并计算了蓄冰槽的放冷速率。研究结果表明,该蓄冷装置在融冰取冷时,具有出水温度低、放冷速率大的特点,尤其适合于如影剧院、大会堂、体育馆等短时间需要大量冷量的冰蓄冷空调系统。     

Continuous ice formation in a tube by using water–oil emulsion for dynamic-type ice-making cold thermal energy storage

A dynamic-type of ice-making cold thermal energy storage system using water–oil emusion with silane-coupler agent was investigated. In order to establish a suitable method by which slurry ice can be formed continuously in a tube without ice adhesion to the cooling wall, the effects of the tube materials of the heat exchanger, heat exchanger types and phase change materials on ice formation process were investigated. Experiments of ice formation were operated under various cooling conditions of flow rate of the mixture and temperature of cooling brine. It was found that using a fluoroplastics tube prevented ice from adhering to the tube under a wide range of the cooling conditions. By making thickness of the tube thinner and increasing heat transfer coefficient on the outside of the tube, performance of heat exchanger as an ice-making equipment was improved. The range of the suitable cooling conditions by using the water–oil emulsion as a phase change material was wider than that by using ethylene glycol aqueous solution.     

In-tube cooling heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide. Part 2. Comparison of numerical calculation with different turbulence models

Heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide cooled in circular tubes was investigated experimentally. The effect of mass flux, pressure, and heat flux on the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop was measured for four horizontal cooling tubes with different inner diameters ranging from 1 to 6 mm. The radial distribution of the thermophysical properties (i.e. specific heat, density, thermal conductivity and viscosity) in the tube cross-section was critical for interpreting the experimental results. A modified Gnielinski equation by selecting the reference temperature properly was then developed to predict the heat transfer coefficient of supercritical carbon dioxide under cooling conditions. This proposed correlation was accurate to within 20% of the experimental data.     

涂覆MIL-101(Cr)干燥剂的翅片管换热器的实验研究

干燥剂涂层换热器(DCHE)是一种新开发的翅片管表面带有干燥剂涂层的换热器,它可以同时处理潜热和显热.为了获得更高的性能,高孔隙度的金属有机框架(MOF)被引入到设计中.本文通过水浴法成功合成MIL-101(Cr)材料,并对材料进行X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附测试、水蒸气吸脱附曲线、电镜扫描等系列物理表征.制作...     

用于RW25T型列车空调排风热回收的热管换热器的数值研究

介绍了国内外利用热管对空调排风进行热回收的研究状况及应用,对RW25T型空调列车的空调系统及用于排风热回收的热管换热器的工作过程进行了分析,用热仿真软件icepak对夏季工况进行温度场仿真模拟,通过模拟不同风速下新风预冷后的温度,得到该换热器的热回收效率及热回收量与进口风速的关系,论证了该热回收装置的的可行性。     

Air-side performance evaluation of three types of heat exchangers in dry,wet and periodic frosting conditions

The performances of three types of heat exchangers that use the louver fin geometry: (1) parallel flow parallel fin with extruded flat tubes heat exchanger (PF²), (2) parallel flow serpentine fin with extruded flat tubes heat exchanger (PFSF) and (3) round tube wave plate fin heat exchanger (RTPF) have been experimentally studied under dry, wet and frost conditions and results are presented. The parameters quantified include air-side pressure drop, water retention on the surface of the heat exchanger, capacity and overall heat transfer coefficient for air face velocity 0.9, 2 and 3 m/s, air humidity 70% and 80% and different orientations. The performances of three types of heat exchanger are compared and the results obtained are presented. The condensate drainage behavior of the air-side surface of these three heat exchanger types was studied using both the dip testing method and wind tunnel experiment.     

滴形管换热性能的实验研究

采用特殊形状和表面的管子是最为常用、有效的强化换热手段。本文基于滴形管换热器回收天然气锅炉排烟余热,提出了烟气侧的换热系数实验关联式。通过改变换热管间的排列间距,在不同烟气流量下,对圆管和滴形管的换热性能及影响因素进行了分析。与实验数据比较,验证了实验关联式可正确反映凝结换热的特性。结果表明:不同烟气量通过滴形换热管的压损小于圆管,约为圆管的0.33~0.38倍;烟气温度降大于圆管;冷却水通过滴形管的温升高于圆管;换热系数滴形管比圆管的提高约7%,表明滴形管的换热性能优于圆管。因此对于有凝结换热过程发生时,滴形换热管具有强化换热的作用。     

脉管制冷机冷端换热器的改进

为了进一步提高脉管制冷机在液氮温区（７７Ｋ）的制冷量,本文对脉管冷端换热器进行了改进,同时还对脉管冷端气流的平均温度进行了测量。实验结果表明,常规脉管制冷机冷端换热器中的换热面积是不足的,脉管制冷机冷端换热器的传热损失较大,在设计计算中不应忽视。采用高目数的换热器填料有利于降低脉管冷端壁面与冷端气体之间的温差,从而提高冷端换热器效率,进而提高液氮温区脉管制冷机效率。     

椭圆管换热器对空调室内机声场影响的数值模拟

椭圆管换热器由于良好的流动和换热特性,在换热设备中有广泛的应用。本文利用计算流体力学方法,对椭圆管翅片换热器应用于空调室内机的流场和声场进行数值模拟,并与圆管作对比。计算结果表明,换热管形状对贯流风机内部偏心涡的形成位置和大小没有影响;与采用相同截面积的圆管翅片换热器的室内机相比,相同条件下,采用椭圆管换热器对于室内机增加风量,改善制冷性能,降低噪声尤其是低频噪声方面有良好的效果。其中,长短轴之比为2的椭圆管可以降低室内机噪声4 d B。     

Continuous formation of slurry ice by cooling water–oil emulsion in a tube

Water-silicone oil emulsion with an additive, (C₂H₅O)₃SiC₃H₆NH₂, was examined as a heat storage material. A spiral tube used as a heat exchanger was immersed in a low temperature bath and the emulsion was circulated in the tube to make ice continuously. Ice was separated from the ice–liquid suspension in an outlet tank. The amount of formed ice, the temperatures of the inlet and the outlet of the heat exchanger, and the temperatures in the tube wall were measured and the overall heat transfer coefficient and the heat flux through the tube were calculated. Experiments were carried out, varying the flow rate, the temperature of cooling brine, and the thickness of tube wall. The condition under which slurry ice was formed continuously without adhesion of ice to the cooling wall was clarified. Though decrease in the thermal resistance of the tube increased the rate of ice formation or raised the brine temperature, it narrowed the range of the flow rate and of the brine temperature in which slurry ice was formed continuously.     

Theoretical and experimental analyses of solar-thermoelectric liquid-chiller system

A solar-thermoelectric liquid chiller (STLC) system is constructed and characterized using both theoretical and experimental analyses. A cold-plate (plate and tube type) heat exchanger, attached to the cold side of the STLC system, is utilized for removing the heat from the circulating water in the system. Analytical models include the thermoelectric Peltier effect, thermal convections in air and water, and conductions within the solid parts of the STLC system. Proposed analytical models are used to calculate different performance parameters (e.g., heat removal rate and coefficient of performance) of STLC system at different input electrical currents, temperature differences (between the bulk mean temperature of the liquid and the surrounding environmental temperature), and flow rates. Optimum values of the electrical current are calculated to achieve maximum heat removal rates for a wide range of temperature differences. It is observed that the heat removal rate by the STLC system increases with increasing bulk mean temperature of the water for considered ambient temperature conditions. However, small changes in the heat removal rate are observed when liquid flow rate changes inside the cold-plate heat exchanger. A prototype of the conditioned space is constructed to perform the experimental analysis. Experimental analysis includes the monitoring of the cooling down period of the water and conditioned space to achieve desired temperatures.