贺兰山东麓不同区域‘北红’越冬性能调查

对贺兰山东麓产区平吉堡和玉泉营两个区域露地越冬的‘北红’葡萄成年树体1年生成熟枝条的水分含量、芽眼萌发率、主芽坏死情况等进行了调查。结果表明,两个区域的‘北红’葡萄一年生枝条总含水量和束缚水含量始终保持在较高水平,1～5节枝条的萌芽率大于95%,芽眼萌芽率也保持在89%以上,表现出较高的耐寒旱特性。调查发现,不同节位和区域芽眼的萌发率不同,平吉堡高节位(4芽、5芽)芽的萌发率大于低节位芽,而玉泉营呈相反的趋势。两个区域的‘北红’主芽均出现坏死情况,推测枝条营养状况是导致玉泉营枝条主芽坏死率高的主要原因。     

兰州地区葡萄冻害调查分析初报

兰州地区葡萄冻害调查分析初报郭晓军，曹孜义（甘肃省园艺站７３００３０）（甘肃农业大学农学系７３００７０）冻害是我国北方葡萄栽培中经常发生的一种自然灾害。多数葡萄的芽眼，冬季可忍受—１８～—２０℃低温，而地下根系仅能忍受—５～—７℃低温。兰州地处我国内...     

2010年祁连万亩酿酒葡萄基地冻害分析及对策

2010年10月24～25日连续两天大雪,气温降至-8℃,正是冰葡萄采收时节,采收后的葡萄树及时修剪,带雪埋土;12月下旬至2011年1月上旬持续-23.9℃的低温,冻土层厚度达1.2 m以上,以上两次冻害致使酿酒葡萄冬芽、枝蔓遭受不同程度的冻害,部分植株呈片状、条块状冻死,给种植户和企业带来巨大经济损失.     

2008年新疆石河子垦区葡萄园冻害调查

2007年冬季石河子垦区普遍遭遇低温,导致葡萄园受冻严重,2008年葡萄出土后,各团场出现葡萄枝条不萌发的现象.2008年4月18～20日,全垦区范围内葡萄园又遭受雪灾和晚霜危害,最低温度降至-4℃,局部地区最低温度达-7℃,葡萄第一批萌发的芽全部冻死,严重影响当年的产量.     

育苗甜菜栽后冻害及预防

调查与试验结果表明,4℃左右的低温可将移栽到田间的具有的2～4片真叶的育苗甜菜叶片冻伤,—98℃低温的冻死率可达71.3～100%.冻害程度除受移栽田的地势等因素影响外,还与移栽甜菜幼苗的大小和是否健壮、栽植质量和是否缓苗以及低温持续的时间有关.为防止育苗甜菜栽后冻害或减轻受冻程度,应在培育健壮的幼苗和确保栽植质量的基础上,采取适期适地栽植、防风垅和冻前田间熏烟、盖纸压土、栽时预埋等以预防为主,综合防护的措施.     

黄河中下游地区葡萄晚霜冻害的发生与防治

本文以2010年春对黄河中下游地区葡萄晚霜冻害调查为基础,从症状表现、发生规律,预防措施、补救措施4个方面进行了阐述.葡萄晚霜冻害与芽生长程度、地势、土壤质地、枝条发育程度、土壤含水量、霜冻前夕浇水时间,植株出土上架时间等有密切关系.从改善环境条件、提高植株抗性、推迟发茅以避霜3个方面提出了预防措施,并针对不同受害情况提出了具体补救措施.     

四种酿酒葡萄抗寒性的对比分析

本试验以‘北醇’‘Frontenac’、托县葡萄和山葡萄4个酿酒葡萄品种为试验材料,在内蒙古高寒地区进行引种试验,测定其萌芽率、冻害情况以及电导率等抗寒相关指标。试验结果显示:在自然越冬后,4种酿酒葡萄的萌芽率以及冻害情况均受到不同程度的影响,其中托县葡萄的萌发率最低且最不抗寒,而‘Frontenac’的芽眼萌发率最高,抗寒力最强;采用电导率配合Logistic方程,确定其4种酿酒葡萄的抗寒性:山葡萄Frontenac北醇托县葡萄。由于山葡萄不耐旱,在呼和浩特地区冬春易抽条,综合比较‘Frontenac’的抗寒力最佳,适宜在内蒙古寒冷地区发展。     

陕西葡萄冻害调查研究

冻害是北方果树栽培中经常发生的一种自然灾害。一九九一年冬至一九九二年春低温侵袭,陕西关中地区绝对最低温达—17.8℃,日平均温度低于0℃时间长达十天左右,各葡萄产区均发生不同程度的冻害,对生产造成很大的损失。为了了解这次冻害对葡萄生长发育的影响,并探讨冻害和品种及栽培措施间的关系,我们进行了葡萄冻害的调查研究。     

不同修剪方式对红地球葡萄成花效应的影响

以6年生红地球葡萄为试材,对不同修剪方式的修剪反应和芽位枝条粗度与花芽形成的关系进行了研究.结果表明,红地球葡萄一年生结果母枝上不同芽位存在明显的异质性,在不同修剪方式下,其萌芽率、成枝率、结果枝率均不相同,结果母枝上花芽集中分布在3～6节,芽位枝条粗度和花芽形成密切相关.     

宁夏地区葡萄晚霜冻害调查报告

2004年5月3～4日宁夏全区发生了晚霜冻,葡萄冻害严重,平均枝条冻害率为28.0%～95.0%,冻害面积达20000多亩,产量损失30%以上.本文阐述了影响晚霜冻害的主要相关因子及防治措施,并对抗冻减灾措施提出了一些意见和建议.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press