超临界CO2萃取樟树籽仁油的研究

利用超临界CO2对樟树籽仁油进行了萃取试验,主要考察了原料粒径、萃取时间、萃取压力和萃取温度的影响,并对萃取出的油的组成及物性参数进行了分析.试验结果表明,在原料粒径80～100目、萃取时间3.0h、萃取压力20MPa、萃取温度55℃和CO2流量为4L/h的条件下,樟树籽仁油的萃取率达57.2%,并且油的色泽淡,酸值低,质量好.气相色谱分析表明,樟树籽仁油的脂肪酸组成主要是癸酸和月桂酸.     

碱蓬籽油的超临界CO2流体萃取及其GC/MS分析

应用超临界CO2萃取技术，研究了碱蓬籽油的提取工艺，采用四因素三水平正交试验，考察了压力，温度，萃取时间、CO2流量四因素对碱蓬籽油萃取率的影响，研究得出最佳萃取条件为：压力25MPa，温度42．5℃，时间3h，CO2流量25kg/h。利用GC／MS分析了碱蓬籽油的组成成分，比较了超临界CO2萃取油样和乙醚萃取油样的理化性质。     

樟树籽油提取的研究

樟树籽核仁含有40%左右的油脂.研究了超临界CO2萃取樟树籽油的工艺,确定萃取最佳工艺参数为萃取温度40℃、萃取压力20 MPa、CO2流量35 kg/h、萃取时间100～120 min.     

超临界二氧化碳萃取石榴籽油的研究

利用超临界CO2对石榴籽中石榴籽油的萃取进行了研究,研究了粉碎度、装料量、萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量、分离压力和分离温度对石榴籽油萃取率的影响。试验表明,超临界CO2萃取石榴籽油的工艺参数是粉碎度40目、装料量200g、萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度40℃、CO2流量15L/h、分离压力8MPa、分离温度35℃,萃取率23.55%。     

超临界CO_2流体萃取琉璃苣籽油及其脂肪酸分析

利用超临界CO2流体萃取技术萃取琉璃苣籽油,考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间和CO2流量对琉璃苣籽油出油率的影响,并通过正交试验确定了超临界CO2萃取琉璃苣籽油的最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明,超临界CO2萃取琉璃苣籽油的最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力25 MPa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间2.5 h,CO2流量45 L/h。在此条件下,出油率为28.08%。气相色谱对琉璃苣籽油的脂肪酸组成分析表明,琉璃苣籽油富含油酸、亚油酸和γ-亚麻酸。     

超临界CO2萃取苦瓜籽油工艺的研究

研究了超临界CO2萃取苦瓜籽油的工艺.通过正交试验考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、物料粒度、CO2流量和萃取时间对苦瓜籽油萃取得率的影响,得到最佳萃取工艺条件为:萃取压力30 MPa、萃取温度42℃、物料粒度60 目、CO2流量12 kg/h、萃取时间130 min,在此条件下,苦瓜籽油萃取得率达到36.28 %.     

超临界CO2萃取猕猴桃籽油工艺的研究

在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken 设计法对影响猕猴桃籽油超临界CO2 萃取的关键因素CO2 流量、萃取压力和萃取温度进行了优化探讨及其萃取数学模型的研究。结果表明：CO2 流量、压力和温度等因素对猕猴桃籽油萃取率的影响较显著,并且压力和温度对猕猴桃籽油萃取率的交互效应影响显著;超临界CO2 萃取的最佳工艺条件为：物料粒度40目、萃取压力31MPa、萃取温度40℃、CO2 流量27kg/h、萃取时间150min,该工艺条件下猕猴桃籽油萃取率达31.86%;建立了以猕猴桃籽油萃取率为目标值,以各提取工艺参数为因素的二次多项式模型,经验证,计算值和试验值拟合良好;超临界CO2 萃取的猕猴桃籽油与用己烷提取的油脂在脂肪酸组成上没有显著差别。     

超临界流体萃取雪梨籽油的研究

为有效提取雪梨籽中的油脂,采用超临界CO2萃取技术萃取雪梨籽油,研究超临界CO2萃取雪梨籽油的萃取工艺;考察了压力、温度、时间和CO2流量对油脂得率的影响,并将提取的油脂采用GC-MS进行分析,结果表明:最佳提取条件为:压力35 MPa、温度35℃、时间130 min、CO2流量15 kg/h,其油脂得率为23.9%。油脂中主要含有7种脂肪酸成分。     

超临界CO2萃取薜荔籽油工艺研究

采用超临界C02萃取技术,对薜荔籽中薜荔籽油的萃取工艺进行探讨.研究粉碎度、萃取压力、萃取温度、C02流量和萃取时间对薜荔籽油出油率的影响.实验表明,超临界CO2萃取薜荔籽油的最佳工艺参数是粉碎度40目、萃取压力25MPa、萃取温度40℃、C02流量25L/h、萃取时间90min,薜荔籽油的出油率最高,达到20.93%.     

超临界C02萃取沙棘油的工艺研究

以俄罗斯沙棘籽为原料，用超临界CO2萃取技术提取沙棘油，本文研究了沙棘籽破碎粒度、萃取时间、萃取温度、萃取压力、CO2流量等因素对萃取率的影响，以萃取率为目标，用正交试验方法确定了最佳工艺条件。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the