应用纳米气泡气浮应急修复重金属污染土壤

为了确定纳米气泡气浮快速修复重金属污染土壤的选别工艺，采用自制纳米气泡气浮装置为试验仪器，模拟含Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺、Ni²⁺和Cr³⁺等重金属离子溶液泄漏导致土壤重金属污染事件，考察了磨矿细度、pH值等参数对重金属脱除效率的影响。结果表明，当硫酸铵用量为30 kg/t、硫化钠用量为36 kg/t、丁基黄药用量为2 500 g/t、2#油用量为1 500 g/t、溶液pH值为8.0和浮选时间为60 min时，经过“1粗3扫”后，污染土壤中Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺、Ni²⁺、Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cr³⁺的脱除率分别为90.08%、87.92%、85.95%、84.77%、78.85%和75.58%；获得泡沫产品中Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺、Ni²⁺和Cr³⁺含量分别为12.01×10⁴ mg/kg、11.72×10⁴ mg/kg、11.46×10⁴ mg/kg、11.30×10⁴ mg/kg、10.51×10⁴ mg/kg、10.08×10⁴ mg/kg，达到了硫化矿精矿质量要求，具有综合回收价值。研究获得的工艺流程对重金属污染土壤的应急修复具有指导意义。     

钠基膨润土对重金属离子Cu2+， Zn2+，Cd2+ 的吸附实验

通过等温吸附试验,研究了钠基膨润土对不同浓度的Cu²⁺,Zn²⁺,Cd²⁺的吸附情况,结果表明,钠基膨润土对Cu²⁺,Zn²⁺,Cd²⁺有很好的吸附作用,等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir 方程,吸附容量随金属离子浓度的增加而增大,并趋于平稳,通过吸附实验发现钠基膨润土对重金属离子的吸附具有选择性,吸附容量的大小顺序为Cu²⁺＞Zn²⁺＞Cd²⁺.研究表明,钠基膨润土是一种良好的土壤改良剂,可降低土壤中重金属的有效性,且不产生二次污染.     

固定化生物活性炭技术处理模拟铅锌矿山酸性废水

从湖北大冶某铅锌矿选矿废水排水沟污泥中驯化筛选出1株能够有效吸附Zn²⁺、Pb²⁺并耐低pH值的菌株T1,经分子生物学鉴定,其为芬氏纤维微菌（Cellulosimicrobium funkei）。将T1按单菌种连续挂膜法固定在活性炭上,采用固定化生物活性炭（Immobilized Biological Activated Carbon,IBAC）技术处理pH=4、Pb²⁺含量为30 mg/L、Zn²⁺含量为100 mg/L的模拟铅锌矿山酸性废水,并与单纯活性炭吸附工艺进行对比,试验结果表明：IBAC工艺对模拟废水中Zn²⁺、Pb²⁺的7 d平均去除率分别达75.28%和74.16%,处理后废水的pH值提高至6.8~7.5;单纯活性炭吸附工艺虽然在处理模拟废水的开始阶段可取得高达96.80%和95.21%的Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺去除率,但80 h后Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺的去除率分别下降到只有9.65%和12.93%,而IBAC工艺的Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺去除率始终保持在68.27%~76.25%和71.27%~77.89%的较高水平。扫描电镜捡测结果显示：活性炭挂膜后颗粒表面被T1覆盖,变得更为粗糙,孔隙更多;T1呈纤维状,吸附Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺后体积膨胀,相互间黏结性更强。以上研究成果可为IBAC技术处理铅锌矿山酸性废水的工业化提供参考。     

天然斜发沸石吸附废水中Pb2+、Cd2+、Ni2+、Zn2+的试验研究

用山东潍坊涌泉天然斜发沸石对模拟含重金属离子Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺、 Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺ 的废水分别进行了试验研究。结果表明,该地天然斜发沸石对废水中的Pb²⁺有较高的去除率,可以作为重金属离子Pb²⁺的吸附剂使用。     

天然沸石对模拟尾矿渗滤液中重金属离子的静、动态吸附研究

沸石具有良好的吸附性能和离子交换特性,对去除水中的重金属离子具有廉价、高效的优点。利用天然沸石矿物作为吸附材料,探讨了在不同条件下对干扰分选过程的多种重金属离子的去除效果和去除机制,研究了其在静、动态条件下去除模拟尾矿渗滤液中重金属离子的性能和机理。单一重金属离子静态吸附实验结果表明,沸石对Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺、Mn²⁺、Zn²⁺均有较好的去除效果,对4种重金属离子的吸附能力大小为Pb²⁺> Cu²⁺> Zn²⁺> Mn²⁺。混合离子静态吸附实验结果表明,在任意初始质量浓度下,Pb²⁺在沸石上的吸附量均远大于Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Mn²⁺。4种离子的吸附过程均符合Langmuir等温模型,属于单分子层吸附,准二级动力学模型能较好地描述沸石吸附4种重金属离子的过程,沸石在离子交换、表面静电和断键络合的共同作用下去除...     

高岭土对含有Cu2+和Pb2+污水吸附性实验

这是一篇环境工程领域的论文。为了研究高岭土对含有Cu²⁺和Pb²⁺污水吸附性能的影响,开展了不同初始浓度、温度、吸附时间、高岭土掺量和pH值作用下高岭土吸附重金属离子实验,并分析了高岭土对Cu²⁺和Pb²⁺共同吸附实验结果。结果表明：高岭土吸附金属Pb²⁺离子的效果要好于高岭土吸附金属Cu²⁺离子的效果。结合实验结果和经济效益而言,在初始浓度为200 mg/L,pH值为6、温度为30℃,高岭土掺量为1.5 g,吸附时间为2.0 h时,高岭土对金属Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺离子的吸附效果较优,其中金属Pb²⁺离子的吸附量分别达到了56.38、56.22、58.76、35.75、和42.42 mg/g,金属Cu²⁺离子的吸附量45.99、47.45、47.27、25.26、22.52 mg/g。整体上,高岭土对共同吸附金属离子(Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺     

天然及改性膨润土吸附废水中Pb2+、Ni2+、Cd2+ 的试验研究

用山东潍坊涌泉某膨润土厂生产的天然钙基膨润土和改性膨润土对模拟含Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cd²⁺的废水分别进行了试验研究。结果表明,该厂的天然钙基膨润土和改性膨润土对废水中的Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cd²⁺有较高的去除率,可以作为重金属离子Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cd²⁺的吸附剂使用     

壳聚糖基吸附剂制备及其对重金属离子的吸附性能研究

以壳聚糖(CS)为原材料、戊二醛为交联剂,制备了吸附材料壳聚糖/石墨烯(CS/GO)、壳聚糖/纳米二氧化硅(CS/SiO₂)复合微粒。研究了吸附剂CS/GO、CS/SiO₂、交联CS对Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺的吸附去除性能。结果表明,3种材料对重金属离子的最大吸附容量顺序为: CS/GO>CS/SiO₂>交联CS; 3种吸附剂材料中CS/GO网络结构最发达,孔隙最多,比表面积最大,吸附性能最好。在模拟废水实验中,当pH=7、吸附剂用量6 g/L、时间30 min条件下,复合颗粒CS/SiO₂对Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺的吸附率分别达到99.48%、98.50%和98.49%; CS/GO对Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺的吸附率分别达到99.20%、96.76%和99.40%。     

环境因素对硫化矿尾矿重金属溶出影响的模拟试验

以某铜矿山硫化矿尾矿为试样,采用静态浸泡方法,通过改变浸泡体系温度、上层溶液和矿样层高度、矿层截面积,以及向溶液表面充气和在体系中添加浮选药剂等,进行了环境因素对硫化矿尾矿库中Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Pb²⁺、Cr³⁺溶出之影响的模拟试验。通过试验得出以下推断：硫化矿尾矿库重金属离子溶出的危害在气温较高的南方比在北方严重,在夏季比在冬季严重;尾矿库内覆盖尾矿的积水深度或面积越大,越容易使重金属离子溶出;尾矿库中尾矿积存得越厚,Zn²⁺越容易溶出,而Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺、Cr³⁺则越不容易溶出;尾矿库积水表面发生较大扰动时,会加重重金属离子的溶出;浮选药剂影响尾矿库中重金属离子的溶出,但情况较为复杂。     

赤泥基吸附剂对废水中重金属离子吸附机理研究

利用赤泥基吸附剂对废水中重金属离子开展吸附特性研究,以酸性废水中Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺为研究对象,借助吸附动力学模型、吸附等温线、FTIR、XRD等手段探究了赤泥基吸附剂的吸附机理。结果表明：赤泥基吸附剂对重金属离子Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺的吸附过程属于单分子层吸附,Langmuir吸附等温线拟合得出吸附剂对Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺的最大吸附量分别为33.12 mg/g、129.88 mg/g,符合准二级动力学模型。赤泥基吸附剂中Si-O-Si键与Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺发生相互作用,吸附过程为化学吸附。该研究为铝工业固废赤泥的回收利用提供了新途径。     

用浮选捕收剂处理电解铜废水的试验研究

电解铜废水主要含有Cu₂ 、Pb₂ 、Zn₂ 、Cd₂ 、Ni₂ 等离子,对人类健康和环境危害很大。因此,对电解铜废水进行处理方法的研究十分必要。本文研究用浮选捕集剂乙基黄药处理电解铜废水。研究结果表明：在调节该废水pH = 6.6的条件下,乙基黄药(10%)投加量20.0 mL/L,快搅时间1.5 min,慢搅时间10 min时Cu₂ 、Pb₂ 、Zn₂ 、Cd₂ 、Ni₂ 的去除率均可达到95%,处理后废水中重金属残留浓度均达到了国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-2002)的允许排放浓度或一级标准。对重金属螯合物进行的稳定性研究指出,在pH = 9时,乙基黄药的重金属螯合物中Cu₂ 、Pb₂ 、Zn₂ 的泄漏量均为0 mg/g,Cd₂ 的泄漏量为0.8?10_-3 mg/g,Ni₂ 的泄漏量为14.2?10_-3 mg/g,处理后的污泥稳定性好,对环境无二次污染。浮选捕收剂乙基黄药具有pH应用范围广、操作简单、处理成本低、效果稳定等优点,在重金属废水治理中具有良好的应用前景。     

Attenuation of heavy metal ions by lean grade phosphorite

The sorption of heavy metal ions (Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺) present as a single and as well as multiple species onto a low grade (<15%P₂0₅) carbonatic (CA) and siliceous (SL) phosphorite minerals from Madhya Pradesh (India) was investigated under natural conditions. Sorption of heavy metal ions was found to follow the order: Pb2+ >Cu²⁺ > Zn2+ in the cases of single and multiple species. CA was found effective in removing Pb²⁺, with a Pb removal of 82 – 99.9 % and a maximum L.R.C (lead removal capacity) of 0.082 g of Pb / g of carbonatic phosphorite.     

Removal of Toxic Metal Ions from Sungun Acid Rock Drainage Using Mordenite Zeolite,Graphene Nanosheets,and a Novel Metal–Organic Framework

We evaluated the sorptive properties of mordenite zeolite (MOR), a copper terephthalate metal–organic framework (MOF), and graphene oxide (GO) and their potential use in treating acid rock drainage (ARD) containing Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Cd²⁺ ions. MOR was prepared via a hydrothermal method, MOF was prepared via a solvothermal method, and few-layered GO nanosheets were synthesized using Hummers’ method. The aqueous contaminants were removed by chemico-physical sorption and ion exchange in batch tests. It proved possible to dramatically improve removal efficiency and sorptive capacity by optimizing experimental conditions. Magnetic MOF crystals were more efficient in removing metals than the MOR and GO. Sorption tests using ARD from the Sungun copper mine and a multi-component solution containing cationic metal species revealed that both GO nanosheets and magnetic MOF have great potential for ARD treatment.     

锡石表面铜、铅活化及黄药吸附作用的研究：DFT计算

浮选是微细粒锡石选矿中最重要的方法,其中脱硫是选锡之前的关键作业。对于脱硫过程中所引入的Cu²⁺和丁基黄药(BX),在脱硫阶段会造成锡石的损失,而在后续浮选中残余的丁基黄药会与Pb²⁺发生协同作用捕收少量锡石。本文采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺在锡石的活化机理,以及丁基黄药在锡石表面的吸附。DFT计算结果表明,Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺均能活化锡石,且两种离子的活化机理存在显著性差异。而丁基黄药也对Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺活化后的锡石具有捕收作用,其Pb²⁺活化后的吸附能为-264.3kJ/mol,Cu²⁺活化后的吸附能为-125.5kJ/mol,Pb²⁺活化作用更强,该现象与工业现状一致。Mulliken布居显示,在Pb²⁺活化下,丁基黄药的两个S原子与Pb形成稳定螯合结构,在Cu²⁺活化下,丁基黄药的双键S2原子与Cu形成Cu-S键。     

膨润土吸附水中Zn2+的影响因素研究

研究了邯郸钙基膨润土及其钠化土对Zn²⁺的吸附行为,考察了溶液中Zn²⁺的初始浓度、液固比、pH值、吸附时间、搅拌速度、温度、膨润土粒度等因素对膨润土吸附的影响。结果表明：钙基膨润土及其钠化土对Zn²⁺的吸附在2 h时都基本达到平衡;提高溶液的pH值、吸附温度和搅拌速度,延长吸附时间,降低膨润土的粒度、Zn²⁺的初始浓度和液固比,都能不同程度地提高膨润土对Zn²⁺的吸附率;在混合体系中,共存离子Pb²⁺对两种膨润土吸附Zn²⁺的效果都几乎没有影响,而Cr⁶⁺却会降低?街峙蛉笸炼訸n2+的吸附率。     

Adsorbing colloidal flotation removing metals ions in a modified jet cell

The removal of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions from synthetic wastewater with a modified Jameson cell (MJC) was studied using adsorption colloidal flotation (ACF). A colloidal dispersion of Fe (OH)₃ (formed in situ from FeCl₃) at pH 11 was used as an adsorbent colloid to ensure full adsorption and precipitation. The precipitates were flocculated with polyacrylamide and hydrophobised with sodium oleate and pine oil as a frother during the flotation stage. In the modified jet cell, the downcomer was sealed at the bottom with a diffuser, and the re-flotation of detached flocs and the probability of bubbles/particles capture was enhanced, which improved the recovery rate. As a result, the modified Jameson cell was more efficient (higher loaded carrier recoveries) than the conventional jet cell (CJC) in removing heavy metals ions. The physico-chemical characteristics, cell design and operating parameters were studied, and the removal efficiency was evaluated by monitoring the final concentration of ions in the treated effluent. The results indicated that the removal efficiencies of the MJC were approximately 95% and 98% for dilute (Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺ concentration of 2 mg/L) and concentrated wastewater (25 mg/L of each ion), respectively. The optimal parameters included a Fe⁺³/ion ratio of 0.5 and a minimum air flow-rate/feed flow-rate ratio of 0.18. The results are discussed in terms of the physical and physico-chemical parameters, and the findings suggested that the proposed flotation technique has great potential for the treatment of wastewater.     

Effect of grinding media on the activation of pyrite flotation

In previous study, it has been found that the grinding conditions have a great effect on the flotation of chalcopyrite and galena as well as their separation from pyrite (Peng et al., 2003a, Peng et al., 2003b). In this study, the effect of the grinding conditions on the activation of pyrite by Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ were investigated. Based on flotation behaviour, EDTA (ethylene diamine-tetra acid) extraction, pulp potential measurement and electrokinetic study, it is found that the activation of pyrite flotation by Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ involves different mechanisms. Reduction of copper(II) to copper(I) and the formation of new copper sulphide phases are responsible for the activation of pyrite flotation by Cu²⁺. This is an electrochemical process. However, adsorption of lead hydroxide on pyrite surface is principally responsible for the activation of pyrite flotation by Pb²⁺. The effect of grinding media on the flotation of pyrite activated by Cu²⁺ or Pb²⁺ is through the change of pulp potential and iron oxidation species emanating from the media. The iron oxidation species from grinding media is electrostatically repulsive with respect to copper-activated pyrite and therefore, reducing conditions produced by mild steel medium promotes pyrite flotation in the presence of Cu²⁺. However, iron oxidation species from grinding media is electrostatically attractive with respect to lead-activated pyrite and therefore inert grinding medium favours pyrite flotation in the presence of Pb²⁺. This study provides a clear picture of how to increase or decrease pyrite flotation through a smart selection of grinding media.     

高锰酸钾改性对颗粒活性炭吸附Cu2+的影响

采用KMnO₄溶液在回流状态下对颗粒活性炭进行了改性。考察了KMnO₄ 溶液浓度对Cu²⁺吸附率-pH曲线及pH的影响,并研究了KMnO₄ 改性对颗粒活性炭吸附和解吸Cu²⁺性能的影响。结果表明,KMnO₄ 改性使颗粒活性炭对 Cu²⁺吸附率-pH曲线及pH向低pH偏移。当KMnO₄溶液浓度为0.03 mol/L时,改性颗粒活性炭效果最好;KMnO₄ 改性提高了颗粒活性炭对Cu²⁺的吸附速率,使其投加量节省约3倍;Cu²⁺在改性及未改性活性炭上的吸附遵循Freundlich等温吸附方程,在相同Cu²⁺平衡浓度下,KMnO₄改性活性炭对 Cu²⁺的吸附量提高约 2.7倍;使用 0.35 mol/L的HCl溶液作解吸液,Cu²⁺从KMnO₄改性活性炭上的解吸率为 91.1%,而Cu²⁺从未改性活性炭上的解吸率仅为8.8%。KMnO₄ 改性提高了颗粒活性炭从水中吸附重金属离子的能力,并促进了其解吸再生性能。     

耐铅链霉菌诱导碳酸钙沉淀对水中Pb2+的去除研究

微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀(MICP)可将水中游离的Pb_²⁺转化为稳定的沉淀物。本文筛选出一株耐Pb_²⁺的脲酶阳性SHT17菌株,16S rRNA 鉴定为Streptomyces mutabilis(登录号为OL677072)。探究该链霉菌诱导碳酸钙沉淀对水中Pb_²⁺的去除能力。通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)对水中Pb_²⁺浓度进行检测,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对菌株诱导的沉淀物进行分析。结果表明,链霉菌能有效地去除水中Pb_²⁺。当Pb_²⁺浓度为200 mg/L时,水中Pb_²⁺去除率达到99.66%,并且去除的Pb_²⁺以碳酸盐的形式被固定在链霉菌诱导生成的沉淀物中。此外,随着初始Pb_²⁺浓度升高,该菌对Pb_²⁺去除率均在65%以上,且大致呈下降趋势。不同钙源影响着链霉菌诱导形成的沉淀物的形貌。