光子晶体电光调制和粗波分复用集成器件研究

提出了一种用于电光调制和粗波分复用的片上集成器件。该集成器件的电光调制器模块和粗波分复用器模块都是由硅基光子晶体波导和L3型谐振腔组成,两个模块间采用硅基光子晶体波导连接。该器件根据等离子体色散效应,采用L3型谐振腔和PN结实现了对波长的调制;根据微腔与波导的直接耦合理论,采用L3型谐振腔结构实现了滤波。利用基于三维时域有限差分法(3D-FDTD)的Lumerical软件对其进行仿真分析,结果表明该集成器件在工作波长1530 nm和1550 nm下均可以先完成各自的电光调制再进行双通道波长的复用。该器件在工作波长1530 nm和1550 nm下的插入损耗分别为0.70 dB和0.95 dB,消光比分别为20.97 dB和22.05 dB,调制深度均为0.99,信道串扰分别为-29.05 dB和-27.59 dB,器件尺寸仅为17.83μm×17.3μm×0.22μm。该集成器件结构紧凑,易于集成,可应用于高速大容量波分复用光通信系统。     

基于光子晶体纳米梁腔的反射壁下载型电光调制器

随着光通信产业和光互联技术的高速发展，具有高调制速率且易集成的小尺寸电光调制器件研究越来越重要。提出了一种以硅绝缘体(SOI)材料为基底的光子晶体纳米梁腔(PCNC)反射壁下载型电光调制器。信号光经过主线波导后首先被锥形波导耦合进一维光子晶体纳米梁腔中，然后进入下载波导并输出。优化主线波导与下载波导中反射圆孔的位置与个数，可以提高器件的整体透射率。纳米梁腔采用圆孔形渐变孔径，使得光束更好地被束缚在腔内。同时，在纳米梁腔两侧引入掺杂以形成PN结，施加较低偏压以改变纳米梁腔的谐振波长，从而实现工作波长光信号的“通”“断”调制。运用三维时域有限差分(3D-FDTD)法对调制器的光学特性和电学性能进行仿真分析。结果表明，该电光调制器可以实现波长为1550.01 nm的光信号调制，调制电压仅为1.2 V，插入损耗为0.2 dB，消光比为24 dB，面积仅为54μm²，调制速率为8.7 GHz，调制带宽为122 GHz，调制速率下的能耗仅为4.17 pJ/bit。所提出的电光调制器结构紧凑，性能优异，有望应用于高速大容量光通信系统和集成硅光子技术等领域。     

基于光子晶体和纳米线波导的马赫-曾德尔型调制器

提出了一种基于光子晶体和纳米线波导的马赫-曾德尔型调制器.该调制器由硅基光子晶体平板波导、纳米线波导和光子晶体多模干涉耦合器(MMI)构成。在光子晶体与纳米线波导连接处采用了锥型结构,用于减少模式失配造成的损耗。利用时域有限差分法(3D-FDTD)进行仿真分析,结果表明,该调制器在工作波长1 550 nm下的插入损耗为0. 3 dB,消光比为15. 1 dB,器件尺寸仅46μm×8μm×0. 22μm,调制带宽可以达到68 GHz,且工作区域覆盖了以1 551 nm为中心波长20 nm的通信波段。该调制器结构紧凑,易于集成,可应用于高速光通信系统。     

光子晶体粗波分-模分混合复用/解复用器

提出了一种基于光子晶体的粗波分-模分混合复用/解复用器,可在光子晶体上实现波分-模分的一体集成.根据时域耦合模理论,该器件采用点缺陷微腔和波长选择反射微腔的结构实现滤波.根据横向耦合模理论,利用非对称平行波导的结构实现模式转换.应用时域有限差分法对其性能进行分析,仿真结果表明,该器件可以实现1 550nm TE0模、1 570 nm TE0模、1 550 nm TE1模和1 570 nm TE1模四个信道信号的复用和解复用,且具有较低的插入损耗(0.23 d B)和信道串扰(-15.21 d B),该器件在CWDM-MDM中有重要作用,对提升城域网的容量具有重要价值.     

双/三模基片集成波导和共面波导混合结构滤波器设计

针对微波带通滤波器小型化、高性能的应用需求,提出使用双/三模方形基片集成波导和共面波导混合结构设计带通滤波器.通过改变双模基片集成波导中TE₁₀₂和TE₂₀₁的谐振频率和外部耦合的强弱,可实现具有近似椭圆、非对称和无传输零点响应的双模滤波器;两个相同尺寸的共面波导作为谐振器蚀刻在基片集成波导表面,与TE₁₀₂和TE₂₀₁共同形成一个通带,设计具有多样性响应的四阶滤波器.在具有非对称响应四阶滤波器的基础上,使主模TE₁₀₁频率移动到该通带附近,设计更宽带宽的五阶滤波器.并对设计的滤波器进行加工和测试.测试结果与仿真结果吻合,表明了该混合结构设计高性能滤波器方法的可行性.     

基于宽度调制谐振腔的光子晶体电光调制器

针对目前电光调制器插入损耗高的问题,提出了一种基于宽度调制(WM)型谐振腔的光子晶体电光调制器.该器件由输入端纳米线波导、硅基光子晶体波导和WM型谐振腔组成,前二者的连接处采用锥形结构,用于减少2种波导之间的级联损耗.根据时域耦合模理论与等离子体色散效应,采用WM型谐振腔和PN掺杂结构实现对横电(TE)模的调制,并应用...     

基于波状PN结的低驱动电压电光调制器

本文研究了一种基于波状PN结的低驱动电压电光调制器,该器件在光通信系统中可以获得较高的传输效率和较低的传输损耗。器件主要由光子晶体线缺陷波导和谐振腔组成。在光子晶体平板上下侧分别添加反向偏置电压,同时在波导中心区域引入谐振腔,通过在谐振腔区域添加不同浓度的掺杂,从而在线缺陷波导处形成波状PN结。根据等离子色散效应,在光子晶体两边施加反向偏置电压时会引起掺杂区硅基平板折射率的变化,从而导致光的透射率发生改变,以此达到调制的目的。采用时域有限差分法(FDTD)分析其时域稳态场强分布、模场分布和波状PN结参数对驱动电压的影响,结果表明:在驱动电压为1.04 V时,该器件可以实现中心波长为1 584.5 nm的TE模窄带宽通、断调制,且器件的消光比高达30.8 dB,插入损耗仅有0.5 dB,Q值高达1.4×10^4。     

含左手材料和单负材料三层平板波导中TE模的传输特性

研究了以左手材料为衬底和单负材料为覆盖层三层平板波导中TE模的传输特性,为波导器件的设计提供理论支持。首先导出了归一化有效厚度H与归一化频率ν的关系,然后数值计算分析了三层平板波导的传输特性。结果表明,该三层平板波导TE模具有以下特性：1）当导波层与衬底或覆盖层磁导率的比值的增大时,归一化有效折射率b随频率ν的变化率减小。2）当不对称因子a趋近于0时,b随ν单调变化;当a较大时,在截止频率附近,TE₁、TE₂、TE₃、TE₄和TE₅模出现双值现象。3）当a增大时,H-ν曲线从左向右移动。4）对于TE₀模,H出现负值。     

基于SOI的一维光子晶体纳米梁腔电光调制器

随着光通信和光互联的高速发展,研究调制速率高、器件尺寸小且易于集成的电光 调制器具有重要意义。提出了一种基于Si绝缘体材料(silicon-on-insulator,SOI)的一维光子晶体纳 米梁腔(photonic crystal nanobeam cavity,PCNC)侧耦合电光调制器。根据时域耦合模理 论,通过主线波导与一维光子晶体纳米梁腔形成侧耦合结构。采用圆柱型渐变孔径的一维光 子晶体纳米梁腔,使光束更好的束缚在腔内,调整纳米梁腔的结构参数,使其工作在通信波 段波长。同时,根据自由载流子色散效应,在纳米梁腔两侧引入掺杂形成p-n 结,施加较 低 偏压调节纳米梁腔的谐振波长,从而实现对工作波长光信号的“通”“断”调制。应用三维 时域有限差分法(3D-finite difference time domain,3D-FDTD)对调制器光学特性和电学 性能进行仿真分析。结果表明,该电光调制器可以实现波长为 1550.55 nm的光信号调制,调 制电压仅为1.175 V,插入损耗为0.04 dB,消 光比为18.2 dB,尺寸仅为 25 μm²,调制 速率 为8.3 GHz,调制带宽可以达到90 GHz,可应 用于集成光子器件及高速光通信领域。     

基片集成脊波导传输特性的研究

将构成基片集成脊波导脊的一排金属针等效成实金属脊。基于基片集成波导等效宽度计算公式推导了基片集成脊波导等效脊宽的计算公式。运用横向谐振法推导了TE_m0模基片集成脊波导截止频率的计算公式,同时运用这些公式分别计算了TE₁₀模、TE₂₀模和TE₃₀模基片集成脊波导的截止频率,并与仿真软件计算的结果和参考文献所给结果进行了比较。结果显示:利用所给公式计算的结果具有较高的精度,且使用方便。此外,还研究了截止频率与脊宽和脊隙之间的关系,对一种适合宽带应用的宽脊结构进行了讨论。     

A low-loss bandpass filter using electrically coupled high-Q TM01δ dielectric rod resonators

For a TM_01δ mode dielectric rod resonator placed coaxially in a TM₀₁ cutoff circular waveguide, characteristics such as the resonant frequency, its temperature coefficient, the unloaded Q, and the other resonances are discussed on the bases of accurate calculations using the mode-matching method. The results show that this resonator compares favorably with a conventional TE_01δ mode dielectric resonator, particularly for realization of a high unloaded Q. Analytical results also verify that interresonator coupling between these two resonators can be expressed equivalently by a capacitively coupled LC resonant circuit. A four-stage Chebyshev filter having a ripple of 0.035 dB and an equiripple bandwidth of 27 MHz at a center frequency of 11.958 GHz was fabricated using these resonators. Its insertion loss is 0.5 dB, which corresponds to an unloaded Q of 17000, and no spurious response appears in the frequency range below 17 GHz     

Stopband performance improvement of rectangular waveguide filtersusing stepped-impedance resonators

Rectangular waveguide stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs) are analyzed and employed in the design of an X-band filter with center frequency f₀ = 10 GHz and a bandwidth of 100 MHz. An attenuation of 80 dB is held up to 23.1 GHz and, compared to standard uniform-impedance-resonator filters, a reduction in length of 55 % is achieved at the expense of an increased insertion loss from 0.6 to 1.5 dB. The second resonance of the fundamental TE₁₀ mode can be controlled by adjusting the length and impedance ratio of each resonator. A design procedure that takes into account step discontinuities is described and applied to the design of a number of SIR filters. Finally, the presented theory is supported with experimental results     

Design of triple mode TE01δ resonator transmissionfilters

The use of triple mode TE_01δ cubic resonators for the design of transmission mode filters is presented. Frequency tuning and coupling between modes are studied experimentally. The tunability of all inter-cavity couplings, necessary for the realization of a wide range of transfer functions, is demonstrated with a 6th degree, 5 MHz wide filter at 2 GHz. With an insertion loss of 0.7 dB in a volume of 260 cm³, the filter presents a 2:1 volume reduction over conventional TE_01δ filters     

Propagation of lower-order modes in a radially anisotropiccylindrical waveguide with liquid crystal cladding

The propagation behavior of the four lower-order modes, HE₁₁ , TE₀₁, TM₀₁, and HE₂₁, in a radially anisotropic cylindrical waveguide with liquid crystal cladding is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The cylindrical waveguide is a doubly-clad fiber with an isotropic core and inner cladding and a radially anisotropic outer cladding made of nematic liquid crystal. Theoretically, the propagation and decay constants for the TE₀₁ and TM₀₁ modes are obtained by solving the wave equations exactly, while those for the HE₁₁ and HE ₂₁ modes are derived using perturbation techniques under the weakly guiding approximation. It is predicted that in such a structure the guided TE₀₁ mode can be separated from the leaky HE₁₁, TM₀₁, and HE₂₁ modes. The theoretical results show good agreement with the experimental observations for a 3 cm long fiber cell with a 5 μm inner cladding radius     

Compact quasi-periodic and aperiodic TE0n modeconverters in overmoded circular waveguides for use with gyrotrons

Designs of compact quasi-periodic and aperiodic TE_0n-TE _0n-1 circular waveguide converters for use with gyrotrons in an electron cyclotron heating (ECH) system are developed by analytically and numerically solving the coupled-mode differential equations. Quasi-periodic mode transducer designs which convert the TE₀₂ mode to the TE₀₁ mode, and in some cases also include a taper (waveguide radius reduction), are developed. A 60-GHz aperiodic mode converter-taper combines a 6.35-cm-2.779-cm waveguide diameter taper and a TE₀₂-TE₀₁ mode converter. A 140-GHz aperiodic mode converter-taper combines a 6.35-cm-2.779-cm waveguide diameter taper and a TE₀₃-TE₀₂-TE₀₁ mode converter. The resulting designs are highly efficient (conversion efficiencies ⩾99.4%), are shorter, have a broader bandwidth than previous designs, and have a waveguide radius greater than or equal to 1.389 cm over the entire length of the transducer to allow for high-power transmission. Experimental results consistent with theoretical calculations are presented     

An In-Line Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition Using Radial-Shaped Probe

In this letter, an in-line waveguide-to-microstrip transition at Ka-band is presented. It utilizes a radial-shaped probe a quarter-wavelength away from the waveguide short-back, which is also used as a support for the microstrip substrate, to terminate the TE₁₀ mode of the standard waveguide. This printed structure is easy to fabricate and convenient to be installed in the waveguide cavity with a split-block configuration. A test module at Ka-band is designed and fabricated. It provides a return loss better than 10 dB from 26.5 to 38.5 GHz and an insertion loss of 1.2 to 2 dB within a wide frequency range from 26.5 to 36.2 GHz with a low cost, easy to fabricate printed structure. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated ones.