共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 640 毫秒
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触诊和弹性成像是测量组织硬度、反映疾病状态的常见医学诊断方法,在现有的组织弹性成像技术中超声弹性成像已经相当成熟。光声成像利用组织吸收脉冲光产生的光声信号进行成像,兼具光学成像高选择性和纯超声成像高成像深度的优点;弹性成像是将材料的弹性信息转换成图像,一般分为诱导形变、测量形变和形成图像这几个步骤。基于光声技术的弹性探测及成像的机理和技术已有报道,回顾了当前光声弹性探测的研究成果。在此基础上,基于光声信号本身即为组织热弹性形变产生的超声波,即超声波的传输与组织的弹性特性相关,提出基于光声信号的组织弹性分析,结合光声的功能成像实现功能和弹性的多功能成像,为疾病,特别是肿瘤的诊断与治疗提供更精确的信息。 相似文献
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光声层析成像的信号处理 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
报道了采用滤波反投影的光声层析成像的信号处理方法,为了还原空间位置的光声信号,声探测器接收到的光声信号和探测器的脉冲响应在频域进行逆卷积处理;由于光声信号相对于触发时刻的延迟时间就是光声源到探测器的走时,重建时根据光声信号的延迟时间以及声速的距离,把速度势信号反投影到与探测器等距离的圆弧上。通过多个角度的反投影,能够重建出光声源的图像,但是由于反投影时光声信号投影到没有光声源的地方产生伪迹信号,模糊了光声源图像的边界,降低了图像的分辨率和对比度。因此在反投影之前采用CT成像中的R-T空间滤波函数与光声速度势信号进行卷积处理,然后再进行反投影成像;这种方法降低了由反投影带来的伪迹。应用这些处理方法,获得了埋藏深度为12mm的四个光吸收体的二维光声层析成像。 相似文献
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光丝内部的超高钳制光强可诱导大气中的原子、分子等发生隧道电离或多光子电离,并辐射指纹荧光谱。得益于其在复杂大气环境中能够远距离传输的特点,飞秒激光成丝在大气远程探测方面具有广阔的应用前景。光丝诱导物质荧光的空间分布特性与成丝过程中激光、等离子体等参数密切相关,对于理解光丝内物理过程及调控光丝、提升远程探测信噪比等具有重要意义。综述了光丝诱导荧光在侧向、背向及前向三个重要方位的空间分布的研究进展,详细讨论了基于侧向分布表征光丝内光强及等离子体分布的方法,以及实验条件对荧光空间分布的影响,并对放大自发辐射现象及前向、背向远场空间分布的研究进展进行了介绍。最后对飞秒激光成丝诱导荧光空间分布的研究趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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多种光声成像方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
阐述了光声成像的基本原理,综述了现有的几种光声成像方法、原理及成果。介绍了国内外多个研究小组在光声成像领域所取得的一些成果,主要包括:用超声探测器记录光声信号的滤波反投影算法光声成像;超声探测器结合声透镜的傅里叶方法;用探测光做载波调制光声信号,将光声信号转化为光信号,经光学系统解调,将样品像显示在CCD摄像机上的实时光声成像等。对比了几种光声成像方法,并提出了一些光声成像的新思路。 相似文献
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为了提高激光反射断层成像目标重构的图像质量,在目前激光反射断层成像普遍采用反投影算法重构图像的基础上,将CT成像中常用的迭代重建算法引入到激光反射断层成像的图像重构过程中。分析了反投影算法中的直接反投影、R-L和S-L滤波反投影以及迭代重建算法在图像重构中的性能特性。进行了仿真和外场实验,结果表明:在直接反投影基础上添加了滤波器的反投影算法在减小误差和抑噪能力上都明显提高;另外相比于反投影算法,代数迭代重建算法表现出更好的重建质量,且具有更强的抑噪性能。 相似文献
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针对重构算法影响压缩成像目标检测效率和结果的问题,提出一种二维非重构自适应阈值的红外弱小目标检测算法。基于Hadamard矩阵构建的二维观测模型,利用Hadamard矩阵的特性对压缩差分图像进行解压缩,直接解码目标的空域特征,并利用改进的自适应阈值法对解码后的图像进行目标检测,避免了重构带来的存储空间和运算时间的浪费。仿真实验表明:在单目标和多目标的情况下,该算法都可以有效检测目标,并在检测率、虚警率和运算时间等指标上具有优越性能,为压缩感知红外弱小目标检测的工程应用提供新的思路和有效算法。 相似文献
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In many transmission imaging geometries, the transmitted "beams" of photons overlap on the detector, such that a detector element may record photons that originated in different sources or source locations and thus traversed different paths through the object. Examples include systems based on scanning line sources or on multiple parallel rod sources. The overlap of these beams has been disregarded by both conventional analytical reconstruction methods as well as by previous statistical reconstruction methods. We propose a new algorithm for statistical image reconstruction of attenuation maps that explicitly accounts for overlapping beams in transmission scans. The algorithm is guaranteed to monotonically increase the objective function at each iteration. The availability of this algorithm enables the possibility of deliberately increasing the beam overlap so as to increase count rates. Simulated single photon emission tomography transmission scans based on a multiple line source array demonstrate that the proposed method yields improved resolution/noise tradeoffs relative to "conventional" reconstruction algorithms, both statistical and nonstatistical. 相似文献
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Air lasing emission by launching intense ultrafast laser pulses in atmosphere has recently attracted increasing interest in the ultrafast laser science and atmospheric science fields, especially for remote sensing techniques. We demonstrated the fluorescence emissions at 337 nm, 357 nm and 391 nm induced by multiple filaments using four kinds of step phase plates. Our results have indicated that the fluorescence signal has been amplified as it propagates along the filament through amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), and the fluorescence intensity is also enhanced in the backward direction via multiple filaments. Furthermore, the gain coefficient through ASE is increased with the number of filaments. 相似文献
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对盖革模式APD激光雷达系统的距离像重构算法进行了研究,设计了一种基于像素邻域核密度估计的重构算法。从系统原理出发,结合探测概率模型研究了距离像重构算法的理论基础。根据系统特点提出了一种基于像素邻域核密度估计的改进算法,并对其原理进行了分析。通过仿真数据对直方图算法和邻域核密度估计算法进行了验证,以距离重构准确率曲线进行了定量评价对比,并进一步将算法应用到真实盖革模式APD激光雷达数据中进行了距离像重构实验。实验结果表明,在低帧数时,基于像素邻域统计核密度估计的重构算法可有效提高距离像重构的效果。 相似文献
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为获得更清晰的图像检测效果,在超声波波动传播原理的基础上,采用超声阵列检测方法设计超声层析成像(CT)系统。将射线追踪算法引入到层析成像中,基于SIRT重建算法,实现速度重建。通过数值仿真表明:层析成像效果得到明显改善。 相似文献
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针对激光反射层析成像中目标随机抖动与径向运动造成的投影中心失配问题,提出采用相位恢复算法对重构图像进行相位恢复重建,通过反复光强迭代消除目标随机运动造成的相位误差,达到减少重构误差、恢复目标图像的目的。为改进G-S算法收敛速度与恢复精度,提出频域模值加权方法进行投影数据相位迭代恢复,仿真实验表明,将算法收敛速度与收敛精度提高了1.2倍以上。通过对三组仿真实验处理,重构图像的平均相对均方误差由2.487 5下降到0.792 7,有效地恢复了目标图像轮廓。外场实验表明,该算法能够有效消除重构图像伪迹,改善激光反射层析成像系统成像质量。 相似文献
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基于卷积神经网络的图像篡改检测算法利用卷积神经网络的学习能力可以实现不依赖于单一图像属性的图像篡改检测,弥补传统图像篡改检测方法依赖单一图像属性、适用度不高的缺陷。利用深层多神经元的单一网络结构的图像篡改检测算法虽然可以学习更高级的语义信息,但检测定位篡改区域效果并不理想。该文提出一种基于级联卷积神经网络的图像篡改检测算法,在卷积神经网络所展示出来的普遍特性的基础上进一步探究其深层次的特性,利用浅层稀神经元的级联网络结构弥补以往深层多神经元的单一网络结构在图像篡改检测中的缺陷。该文提出的检测算法由级联卷积神经网络和自适应筛选后处理两部分组成,级联卷积神经网络实现分级式的篡改区域定位,自适应筛选后处理对级联卷积神经网络的检测结果进行优化。通过实验对比,该文算法展示了较好的检测效果,且具有较高的鲁棒性。 相似文献
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A tomographic time-domain reconstruction algorithm for solving the inverse electromagnetic problem is described. The application we have in mind is dielectric breast cancer detection but the results are of general interest to the field of microwave tomography. Reconstructions have been made from experimental and numerically simulated data for objects of different sizes in order to investigate the relation between the spectral content of the illuminating pulse and the quality of the reconstructed image. We have found that the spectral content is crucial for a successful reconstruction. The work has further shown that when imaging objects with different scale lengths it is an advantage to use a multiple step procedure. Low frequency content in the pulse is used to image the large structures and the reconstruction process then proceed by using higher frequency data to resolve small scale lengths. Good agreement between the results obtained from experimental data and simulated data has been achieved. 相似文献
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The maximum-likelihood (ML) expectation-maximization (EM) [ML-EM] algorithm is being widely used for image reconstruction in positron emission tomography. The algorithm is strictly valid if the data are Poisson distributed. However, it is also often applied to processed sinograms that do not meet this requirement. This may sometimes lead to suboptimal results: streak artifacts appear and the algorithm converges toward a lower likelihood value. As a remedy, we propose two simple pixel-by-pixel methods [noise equivalent counts (NEC)-scaling and NEC-shifting] in order to transform arbitrary sinogram noise into noise which is approximately Poisson distributed (the first and second moments of the distribution match those of the Poisson distribution). The convergence speed associated with both transformation methods is compared, and the NEC-scaling method is validated with both simulations and clinical data. These new methods extend the ML-EM algorithm to a general purpose nonnegative reconstruction algorithm. 相似文献