星载激光测距仪APD最佳雪崩增益控制技术研究

针对激光测距仪星载应用环境的特殊性,研究了星载激光测距仪APD最佳增益控制技术。通过引入星载激光测距仪APD电流信噪比模型,分析了影响星载激光测距仪APD信噪比的关键因素。针对某星载激光测距仪的具体应用,展开了APD最佳增益控制技术研究,设计了温度增益反馈控制电路,并推导建立了温度增益数字反馈控制算法,实验验证了控制电路及算法的正确性和良好的温度适应性。实验结果表明,该控制电路和算法能够使得APD在-25~60℃温度范围下保持恒定增益,适用于星载激光测距仪APD最佳增益控制。     

基于快速拟合的高精度授时技术

本文针对采用晶振产生本地时钟的卫星导航接收机的高精度授时问题，特别是考虑在卫星失锁等不定位情况，提出了一种具备快速拟合的时间同步控制方法，提高了卫星导航接收机的授时精度和可用性。文中分析了影响卫星导航接收机授时精度的几个关键因素，给出了时间同步的软件设计算法实现，在某型卫星导航接收机上进行了测试验证。测试结果表明：本文设计的基于快速拟合的时间同步控制算法有效，提高了卫星导航接收机的授时精度和可用性。     

基于波束形成天线抗干扰接收机的测试研究

卫星导航接收机接收到的卫星信号十分微弱,同时面临着复杂电磁环境的干扰,因而抗干扰问题成为研究的热点。目前有很多种抗干扰技术及算法仅局限于理论研究和数字仿真,无法在实际干扰环境下测试抗干扰接收机的抗干扰性能。本文在研究波束形成天线抗干扰算法的基础上,基于微波暗室环境下建立抗干扰接收机的半物理仿真环境,实现卫星信号多天线输出、复杂干扰环境的模拟,对四波束、八波束天线抗干扰接收机进行了仿真测试,结果表明波束形成天线抗干扰接收机在输入干信比相同的情况下,波束数目越多抗干扰接收机性能越好。     

少星环境下的矢量跟踪接收机增强技术研究

卫星导航系统已经成为最常用的导航和定位手段,地面车辆、智能手机等都依靠卫星导航接收机提供高精度导航和定位信息.然而在城市复杂环境下,卫星导航信号常常被环境遮挡,接收机接收不到足够数量的卫星信号,导致接收机定位误差变大或者不能输出导航信息.矢量跟踪接收机采用卡尔曼滤波估计导航定位信息,能够在少星环境下提供一定精度的定位信息,但是误差随着时间发散.为了提高矢量跟踪接收机在少星环境下的性能,提出高度信息辅助矢量跟踪接收机方法,给出了高度信息辅助下矢量接收机导航信息估计模型.实际场景实验表明,在2 min的实验时间中,采用高度信息辅助,定位精度有了明显的提升.     

模数转换对卫星导航抗干扰性能的影响分析

卫星导航应用突飞猛进,面对电磁环境越来越复杂,卫星导航接收机的抗干扰能力随之受到巨大关注。国内外学者对抗干扰滤波器的设计已经进行了非常广泛的研究,但卫星导航接收机作为一个整体,抗干扰滤波器只是其中一个环节。分析认为,在理想的抗干扰技术和有限的扩频增益条件下,干扰环境下的模数转换器(ADC)量化损耗是数字式接收机整体抗干扰能力的瓶颈所在。本文首先建立了抗干扰型接收机内部处理插入损耗评价标准,然后通过数值仿真实验,验证了在无限量化精度下,抗干扰滤波器对干扰的零陷可以无穷大并且插入损耗极小;接着探究了在连续波干扰(CWI)环境下ADC量化对接收机相关输出载噪比的损耗,最终得出了在指定量化位宽和量化间隔约束下的接收机的最大抗干扰能力。     

一种基于微波暗室的大角域卫星导航接收机测试场景构建方法

提出了一种基于微波暗室的大角域测试场景构建方法,该方法利用已有42射频面阵,采用多状态联合校准方法对面阵天线单元到接收机的信号幅度和相位进行校准,以及采用灰色关联分析方法将外界环境下的卫星星座、动态干扰在微波暗室内实现逼真映射,构造最大视场角为160的半实物抗干扰测试场景。仿真测试结果表明:暗室天线单元与实际场景下的卫星星座在角域关系下最大误差在高增益3 dB 波束宽度内,暗室模拟的动态干扰与实际环境下到达接收机的功率基本一致;最后实现了对多波束抗干扰接收机的测试,并通过干信比与有效载噪比的关系曲线说明了该方法能够在室内实现导航接收机测试环境的逼近模拟,并准确地测试出多波束接收机的抗干扰性能。     

环境气氛及气压对增透膜真空激光损伤的影响

利用1-on-1损伤测试方法,测试了真空和空气、氧气、氮气、氦气环境下在波长为1064 nm处增透膜(ARF)的激光损伤阈值和损伤形貌.结果表明,真空环境下的损伤阈值明显低于大气环境下的损伤阈值,真空环境下的破斑形貌也与大气环境下的破斑形貌有显著差异.在真空环境下存入一定量的氧气、氮气和氦气后薄膜的损伤阈值都得到提高,但存入的气体的种类及气压不同,损伤阈值与破斑形貌也不尽相同.     

浅谈卫星导航接收机测速精度测量的有效方法

以卫星导航接收机测速精度测量为研究对象,提出了一种建立在卫星导航接收机模拟源基础之上的测速精度测量方法。首先就卫星导航接收机测速精度测量的依据进行了简要分析,在此基础之上详细研究了应用此种方式进行卫星导航接收机测速精度测量的工作原理,进而分析了实践作业中的测速精度测量方法,旨在为今后相关研究与实践工作的开展提供一定的参考与帮助。     

地面模拟系统DBF接收机设计

在卫星的地面测试中,地面模拟系统发送遥控遥测信号并接收卫星的返回信号,将其下变频到中频进行解调,从而获取卫星工作状态和运行环境,模拟其在轨运行工作情况。针对目前采用有源相控阵天线技术的卫星地面测试,本文设计实现了一种DBF体制的地面模拟系统接收机,该接收机采用超外差式二次变频设计,具有高增益、低噪声系数、低群时延波动、良好的通道间幅相一致性和稳定性,同时集成度高,体积小,可制造性强,能够充分的满足采用有源相控阵技术的卫星地面测试要求。     

高精度激光动态测试技术研究

在星载激光测距仪的研制过程中,如何通过地面检测方法对 测距仪的各项性能指标进行测试,是一项重要的工作内容。根据脉冲式激光测 距仪的工作原理,设计了一套基于光电延时法的高精度动态测试系统,并对影响系 统精度的系统误差进行了分析,最终实现了对激光测距仪测距精度的测量。与传 统的测试方法相比,该方法具有模拟距离动态范围大、精度高等特点。实验结果表明,这种测试系 统的模拟距离范围可达15 m～30 km,模拟精度优于0.15 m。由于操作简易且实用性强,该系统可以满足 目前各种激光测距仪的测试需求。     

155 Mbit/s optical wireless link using a bootstrapped silicon APDreceiver

A 155 Mbit/s optical wireless link has been implemented using a large-area silicon APD, bootstrapped, transimpedance receiver and a hologram-based laser transmitter. The receiver gives high sensitivity and high transimpedance while providing a large photodiode collection area     

非线性发射过载对激光引信光学接收系统的影响

激光引信包含精密光学系统,其中光学接收系统占重要地位,在常规弹药引信过程的应用中,高发射过载环境对系统弱回波聚焦质量造成严重影响,系统工作可靠性无法保证。提出接收聚焦透镜与窄带滤波片一体化方案,设计出一种新型缓冲结构接收系统光学,应用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立传统激光接收系统以及新型结构动力学模型,对接收聚焦透镜进行非线性动力学仿真以及ZEMAX光学仿真;最后进行空气炮冲击实验,结果表明:在经历70 000 g冲击加速度后,新型光学系统缓冲结构可有效缓解接收聚焦透镜塑性变形,提高脉冲激光束聚焦整形质量,激光回波能量显著增强。为常规武器激光引信接收光学系统抗高过载设计提供了一种新的方法和理论依据。     

Development of GPON upstream physical-media-dependent prototypes

This paper presents three new gigabit-capable passive optical network (GPON) physical-media-dependent (PMD) prototypes: a burst-mode optical transmitter, an avalanche photodiode/transimpedance amplifier (APD-TIA), and a burst-mode optical receiver. With these, point-to-multipoint (P2MP) upstream transmission can be realized in a high-performance GPON at 1.25 Gb/s. Performance measurements on the new burst-mode upstream PMD modules comply with GPON uplink simulations. The laser transmitter can quickly set and stabilize the launched optical power level over a wide temperature range with better than 1-dB accuracy. A burst-mode receiver sensitivity of -32.8 dBm (BER=10/sup -10/) is measured, combined with a dynamic range of 23 dB at a fixed APD avalanche gain of 6. Full compliance is achieved with the recently approved ITU-T Recommendation G.984.2 supporting an innovative overall power-leveling mechanism.     

Fibre-optic digital transmission experiment with heterodyne detection

A single-channel single-polarisation all-fibre-optic transmission system at 830 nm wavelength with transmitter laser and a heterodyne receiver with local laser, monomode fibre coupler and APD mixer has been set up. The intermediate frequency was 1.5 GHz. 8.4 Mbit/s digital signals were transmitted over 280 m of single-polarisation fibre by a subcarrier modulated baseband method.     

雪崩光电二极管恒虚警率控制在激光成像系统中的应用

雪崩光电二极管以其接收灵敏度高，响应速度快等优点，常用于扫描式激光成像系统中，由于雪崩光电二极管的工作电压随背景和温度的变化而变化，因此正确设置其工作偏压，对充分发挥接收系统的探测灵敏度是重要的。主要讨论采用恒虚警率控制法自动设置雪崩光电二极管的偏压，调整噪声门限以获得光电接收系统最佳工作状态。     

New type of optical fibre analogue SSB data communication system using edge‐emitting LED coupled to single‐mode optical fibre

This paper describes a single‐mode(SM) optical fibre SSB data communication system for use in place of power‐line data transmission. In the optical transmitter, SSB data is fed through the squarewave frequency (SWFM) modulator to the edge‐emitting LED (ELED) module. The light beam of the ELED module is fed to the SM optical fibre having a length of 12km. In the optical receiver, the light beam received through the SM optical fibre is detected by the PIN photodiode module, and fed to the SWFM detector to obtain the double‐pulse frequency modulation (DPFM) signal voltage. The DPFM signal voltage at the output of the SWFM detector is fed to the low‐pass filter (LPF) to obtain analogue SSB data. When the transmission was experimentally carried out, the spurious component was as low as −50–−70 dB and the SNR of SSB data as high as more than 65–70 dB. The optical transmitter and receiver were attached to the conventional analogue SSB data communication system to constitute a new optical fibre analogue SSB data communication system. During the field test utilizing the new system, the crosstalk and SNR were 60–70 dB and 60–70 dB on each channel, respectively. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高分七号星载激光测高仪在轨几何检校与精度评估

高分七号卫星（GaoFen-7, GF-7）搭载了我国首台正式用于对地观测的星载激光测高仪,其测高精度备受国内外关注。文中系统性介绍了基于地形匹配、单片足印影像以及地面探测器阵列的3种检校方法,并利用同一地区GF-7星载激光数据,分别进行不同检校试验与验证,对比和分析3种不同检校试验后GF-7星载激光测高仪的高程测量精度。结果表明,基于地面探测器阵列的检校方法精度最高。以高精度机载LiDAR点云作为地面验证数据,GF-7星载激光测高仪经检校后波束1精度达到0.177 m,波束2为0.157 m;受限于检校所用的参考数据精度不足,其他2种检校方法精度相对较低,测高精度达到0.8 m。     

10-Gb/s strained MQW DFB-LD transmitter module and superlattice APDreceiver module using GaAs MESFET IC's

This paper describes the design and performance of a 10-Gb/s laser diode (LD) transmitter and avalanche photodiode (APD) receiver, both of which are based on GaAs MESFET IC's. The LD transmitter consists of a strained MQW distributed-feedback LD and one chip LD driver IC. The module output power is +4.6 dBm at 10 Gb/s. The APD receiver consists of an InGaAsP/InAl/As superlattice-APD and an IC-preamplifier with the 10-Gb/s receiver sensitivity of -27.4 dBm. As for the LD transmitter, we discuss the optimum impedance-matching design from the viewpoint of high-speed interconnection between LD and driver IC's. As for the APD receiver, the key issue is input impedance design of preamplifier IC, considering noise and bandwidth characteristics. Total performance of the transmitter and receiver is verified by a 10-Gb/s transmission experiment and a penalty-free 10-Gb/s fiber-optic link over 80 km of conventional single-mode fiber is successfully achieved     

Optical Chaotic Communication Using Generalized and Complete Synchronization

We propose a secure optical communication system based on the principles of generalized and complete chaotic synchronization. A transmitter and a receiver both composed by two chaotic external-cavity semiconductor lasers are coupled in a master-slave configuration to provide generalized synchronization, while the master lasers in the transmitter and in the receiver are completely synchronized through the synchronization channel via an optical fiber. A message is added to the transmitter slave laser and sent to the receiver through the information channel to be compared with the output of the receiver slave laser. The system is robust to a small mismatch of the laser parameters or of the coupling between the master and slave lasers, unavoidable in a real system, and can even enable a good communication up to a 5 Gb/s transmission rate using the chaos masking encryption method, when the master laseres are coupled bidirectionally.      

Effect of clear atmospheric turbulence on quality of free space optical communications in Yemen

Free space optical (FSO) communication is one of the most recently developed modes of wireless communication.FSO is a technique used to convey data carried by a laser beam through the atmosphere.While FSO offers a broadband service,it requires a line of sight communication between the transmitter and receiver.The atmosphere has effects on the laser beam passing through it.For instance,the quality of data received is affected by the scattering and atmospheric turbulence.The atmospheric turbulence is caused by both temporary and special random fluctuations of the refractive index along the optical propagation path.Clear air turbulence impairs the performance of the FSO due to the fluctuation in the intensity of the laser beam.By referring to the two criteria,namely bit error rate (BER) and signal to noise ratio (SNR),this work includes analysis of the effect of atmospheric turbulence on FSO systems in Yemen by using an appropriate model.