基于粒子群优化和小波变换的视频水印算法

为了保护数字视频的版权,提出一种基于粒子群优化和小波变换的视频水印算法,首先对水印图像进行Arnold变换与Logistic混沌映射相结合的灰度置乱预处理以增强其安全性能;再利用直方图帧差法将视频流分为不同的场景,通过密钥从中选取若干场景进行三级三维小波变换;最后借助乘法嵌入方式把水印信息嵌入到小波变换域的中频部分,水印的嵌入强度则由粒子群优化算法(PSO)搜索得出.仿真实验结果表明,该算法能较好的体现水印的鲁棒性和不可见性.     

基于帧DCT变换的鲁棒视频水印算法

为了对数字视频进行版权保护,结合离散余弦变换和数字视频的相关理论,提出了一种基于帧DCT变换的鲁棒视频水印算法.先对水印进行预处理,然后选择嵌入强度,将水印信息多次重复嵌入到视频帧分块DCT变换的中频系数中.提取水印时无须原始视频的参与.实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的不可见性和较强的鲁棒性.     

基于Turbo码的DWT-DCT域鲁棒性视频水印算法

本文提出了一种基于Turbo码的DWT域与离散DCT域相结合的视频水印算法. 在该算法中, 先选取视频序列中的关键帧,并对其亮度分量进行一级DWT变换,再对DWT域的逼近子带进行4?的DCT变换,最后在DCT变换的直流系数中嵌入经过伪随机排序和Turbo码编码置乱后的水印信息. 实验结果表明：该算法不仅具有良好的不可见性,而且对各种常见的攻击都具有较好的鲁棒性.     

基于帧间相关性的盲视频数字水印算法

提出了一种在原始视频中嵌入水印的算法。嵌入的水印由2部分组成:标志水印和信息水印。首先从一段原始视频里随机选出若干视频帧,在这些帧的像素平面亮度分量上固定位置嵌入标志水印,再根据密钥选取其他若干图像块在其离散余弦变换(DCT)直流系数中嵌入信息水印。然后在整段视频的每一小段中重复嵌入水印。提取水印时,只需从整段视频中截取足够包含完整信息水印的一小段视频,通过搜索标志水印快速地选出包含水印信息的帧。然后利用水印帧与前后相邻视频帧之间内容的高度相关性,得到嵌入水印位置像素值的估计,与包含水印信息帧相应位置做比较,提取出水印信息,实现了水印的盲提取。实验结果表明本算法能够抵抗压缩、缩放、帧删除/插入等各种攻击,具有较强的健壮性。     

基于QR分解的强鲁棒性双彩色盲水印算法

提出了一种将彩色快速识别(QR)码作为水印嵌入彩色宿主图像的强鲁棒性盲水印算法。首先 对彩色宿主图像分通道进行离散小波 变换(DWT)和分块QR分解得到非重叠的酉矩阵,然后将QR码分通道置乱加密归一化后嵌入到 宿主图像对应通道 酉矩阵的系数差中。仿真实验结果表明,本算法在满足不可见性的同时具有较强的鲁棒性; 相比现有算法, 本算法不仅能够抵抗旋转和裁切攻击,在JPEG压缩和噪声滤波攻击方面的抵抗能力也有较 大提升;而且本算法属于盲水印技术,具有较大的实际应用价值。     

一种新的基于混合域的数字音频水印

在数字水印的基础上,提出了一种基于DCT和DWT混合域的音频水印的算法。首先对原始的音频信号进行离散小波变换,得到音频信号的精细分量和近似分量,然后对这两种系数进行离散余弦变换,最后将两种不同的水印嵌入到两种系数。提取水印信息时,不管音频信号的长度如何,均采用相同的方法进行变换。实验证明,此方法可以实现不丢失音频信号的频率信息,在考虑嵌入的两种不同水印的顺序的原则下,实现嵌入和提取信息的同步。     

Video Watermark Using Multiresolution Wavelet Decomposition

A novel technique for the video watermarking based on the discrete wavelet transform(DWT) is present. The intra frames of video are transformed to three gray image firstly, and then the 2th-level discrete wavelet decomposition of the gray images is computed, with which the watermark W is embedded simultaneously into and invert wavelet transform is done to obtain the gray images which contain the secret information. Change the intra frames of video based on the three gray images to make the intra frame contain the secret information. While extracting the secret information, the intra frames are transformed to three gray image, 2th-level discrete wavelet transform is done to the gray images, and the watermark W‘ is distilled from the wavelet coefficients of the three gray images. The test results show the superior performance of the technique and potential for the watermarking of video.     

一种基才DWT-DCT变换强鲁棒性的数字水印算法

提出一种基于DWT-DCT的新的数字图像水印算法。该算法充分利用离散小波变换多分辨率特性和离散余弦变换能量压缩特性．综合两种变换的优点。在嵌入时,先对宿主图像进行DWT变换,得到4个子带。选择HL子带进行DCT变换．然后将加密后的水印嵌入DCT变换后得到子带中频系数。为获得较强的安全性,在嵌入前先对水印进行混沌加密。试验结果表明基于DWT-DCT联合的水印算法具有较强的不可见性,对常见的攻击具有较强的鲁棒性。     

自适应尺度还原的抗旋转全息水印技术

针对旋转攻击与尺度变化攻击,提出一种 基于尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)的可自适应还原尺度变化的抗旋转水印。首先,将水印图像进 行离散余弦变换(DCT),与参考光生成全息水印图像;然后通 过DCT嵌入载体图像Y通道;最后在提取水印时,通过SIFT自适应 还原尺度变化,结构相似性指数(SSIM)校正旋转角度后提取水印信息。 实验表明,本算法在有效抵抗常见攻击的同时,有较强的水印数据信息保真能力,且在同样 的旋转校正精度时,有高效的 运算效率,解决了现阶段抗旋转攻击水印技术只适用于相同尺度下的角度矫正问题。水印提 取时需要原图参与,属于明水印 的一种,因此可以有效用于版权方的版权保护。     

Video watermarking using wavelet transform and tensor algebra

We present a robust, hybrid non-blind MPEG video watermarking technique based on a high-order tensor singular value decomposition and the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The core idea behind our proposed technique is to use the scene change analysis to embed the watermark repeatedly into the singular values of high-order tensors computed form the DWT coefficients of selected frames of each scene. Experimental results on video sequences are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of perceptual invisibility and robustness against attacks.     

基于ICA和DWT的多重视频水印算法

利用独立分量分析(ICA)和离散小波变换(DWT),提出了一种新的视频数字水印算法。该算法将二值图像和灰度图像分别置乱后用ICA混叠得到两幅图像,选取其中一个用来做嵌入的水印,另一个作为密钥保留,以此来增加水印的安全性;用ICA将水印嵌入在原始视频的DWT低频子带系数中,实现了水印信号的盲检测,同时针对帧剪裁、帧丢失、帧平均和MPEG编码等具有良好的鲁棒性。     

Robust watermarking against print and scan attack through efficient modeling algorithm

This article proposes a blind discrete wavelet transform-discrete cosine transform (DWT-DCT) composite watermarking scheme that is robust against print and scan distortions. First, two-dimensional DWT is applied to the original image to obtain the mid-frequency subbands. Then, a one-dimensional DCT is applied to the selected mid-frequency subbands to extract the final coefficients for embedding the watermark. To specify watermarking parameters, we utilize a Genetic Algorithm to achieve a predefined image quality after watermark insertion. Suitable locations for watermarking are determined by analyzing the effect of a modeling algorithm. This model simulates noise and nonlinear attacks in printers and scanners through noise estimation and system identification methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has a high robustness against print and scan attack such that its robustness is higher than related watermarking algorithms.     

基于图像小波变换低频系数的数字水印算法

提出一种基于小波变换且具有图像自适应性的数字水印算法.通过小波变换将图像分解成不同空间与频率的系数,这些系数之间存在一种树结构关系,利用树结构关系对最低频系数进行分类,对不同类采用不同的嵌入对策,将水印信号嵌入在最低层逼近系数中,而现有基于小波变换的算法将水印嵌入在各个方向的中频或高频系数中.实验结果表明,该算法具有不可见性,对于通常的图像失真具有较好的鲁棒性,说明最低频成分并不是水印的禁区.     

A new video watermarking algorithm based on 1D DFT and Radon transform

In this paper, we propose a new video watermarking algorithm based on the 1D DFT (one-dimensional discrete Fourier transform) and Radon transform. The 1D DFT for a video sequence generates an ideal domain, in which the spatial information is still kept and the temporal information is obtained. With detailed analysis and calculation, we choose the frames with highest temporal frequencies to embed the fence-shaped watermark pattern in the Radon transform domain of the selected frames. The adaptive embedding strength for different locations keeps the fidelity of the watermarked video. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by video compression standard H.264 with three different bit rates; geometric attacks such as rotation, translation, and aspect-ratio changes; and other attacks like frame drop, frame swap, spatial filtering, noise addition, lighting change, and histogram equalization. The main contributions of this paper are the introduction of the 1D DFT along temporal direction for watermarking that enables the robustness against video compression, and the Radon transform-based watermark embedding and extraction that produces the robustness against geometric transformations. One of the most important advantages of this video watermarking algorithm is its simplicity and practicality.     

MPEG-4自适应视频水印算法

为了更好地保证水印的鲁棒性和不可感知性,结合MPEG-4视频压缩原理以及人类视觉模型系统,提出一种自适应的视频水印算法。根据I帧图像离散余弦变换（DCT）后的直流系数（DC）以及中低频系数个数,设计自适应因子,对不同的图像块采用不同的嵌入强度,将水印嵌入到DCT变换后的低频系数中。实验证明,该算法能够很好地与人类视觉系统相适应,并对常见的攻击有很强的鲁棒性。     

一种基于DWT与SVD的数字图像水印算法

利用小波变换和矩阵奇异值的固有特性,提出了一种基于小波变换和奇异值分解的数字图像水印算法.算法对原始载体图像进行小波变换和奇异值分解;对水印图像进行Arnold变换和奇异值分解;把分解后的水印信息嵌入到分解后的原始载体图像中,再进行相应的变换处理,得到嵌有水印的图像.实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的安全性和鲁棒性.     

Discrete Multiwavelet–Based Video Watermarking Scheme Using SURF

This paper proposes a robust, imperceptible block‐based digital video watermarking algorithm that makes use of the Speeded Up Robust Feature (SURF) technique. The SURF technique is used to extract the most important features of a video. A discrete multiwavelet transform (DMWT) domain in conjunction with a discrete cosine transform is used for embedding a watermark into feature blocks. The watermark used is a binary image. The proposed algorithm is further improved for robustness by an error‐correction code to protect the watermark against bit errors. The same watermark is embedded temporally for every set of frames of an input video to improve the decoded watermark correlation. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DMWT domain video watermarking using SURF features is robust against common image processing attacks, motion JPEG2000 compression, frame averaging, and frame swapping attacks. The quality of a watermarked video under the proposed algorithm is high, demonstrating the imperceptibility of an embedded watermark.     

一种基于彩色图像的双重水印算法

针对传统水印算法功能单一,抗几何攻击能力较弱的问题,提出了一种基于离散小波变换(DWT)、奇异值分解(SVD)、离散余弦变换(DCT)和HSV空间模型的彩色图像双重水印算法.该算法基本思想是在彩色载体图像中先后嵌入可见水印和不可见水印.根据HSV 空间模型和DCT变换实现二值可见水印自适应嵌入,用来标识版权;通过DWT和SVD变换实现不可见彩色水印的嵌入,用于加强版权保护,利用Zernike矩进行旋转校正.实验结果表明,该算法在保证图像质量的前提下,可见水印具有较好的视觉可见性,不可见水印的抗几何攻击能力得到了提升.双重水印相互作用,功能互补提高了水印的版权保护功能.     

基于DWT-DFT和SVD域的盲水印算法

提出了一种基于离散小波变换、离散傅里叶变换和奇异值分解相结合的盲水印算法。该算法对原始图像进行一级离散小波变换后选择低频子带图像作分块离散傅里叶变换,然后对分块离散傅里叶变换的幅度谱进行奇异值分解,选择最大奇异值并采用量化嵌入方法实现水印的嵌入和盲提取。为了提高算法对旋转攻击的鲁棒性,采用基于Radon变换的检测算法对待检测图像进行旋转校正。实验结果表明,该算法对一些常规攻击和几何攻击都具有较强的鲁棒性。