基于Mie级数解圆极化波与异向介质的相互作用

针对手征异向介质的电磁特性问题,基于Bohren的波分解技术,将手征异向介质球中的电磁波分解为左手和右手圆极化波,应用边界条件,推导了可用于计算手征异向介质球电磁散射的Mie级数解.将理想的、阻抗匹配的异向介质散射截面与文献结果对比证明了本文算法和程序的正确性.基于Mie级数解计算了有耗手征异向介质球的后向散射截面,探讨圆极化波与手征异向介质的相互作用.     

智能电磁感知的若干进展

智能电磁感知是电磁探测与成像的系统化和智能化延伸,是安全检查、生物医学、物联网等领域的基础性、关键性和共性问题.近年来,挖掘利用人工电磁材料和人工智能在电磁波调控与数据信息调控方面的强大能力,将其有机结合,并系统地引入电磁感知领域,发展了低成本、高性能的智能电磁感知体制,为电磁感知的进一步发展提供了关键理论和技术支撑....     

从OFC2004看全光网中关键光器件的新发展

概述了在OFC2004会议上报道的几种支撑光网络发展的关键器件的最新进展,包括滤波器、光开关、可变光衰减器(VOA)、全光波长转换器(AOWC)及波长选择开关(WSS)等。介绍了这些新型器件的工作原理和结构。     

BP神经网络在异向介质基本结构分析中的应用

为了减少传统数值分析法由于厚度谐振而引起的结果错误问题,实现异向介质高分析精度与高效率的共存,建立基于反向传播多层前馈型神经网络(BP神经网络)的异向介质电磁特性与介质敏感结构参数之间的神经网络模型,对异向介质的基本结构进行分析。实验结果表明,采用量化共轭梯度法的分析时间为145.535648 s,训练均方误差为0.00020679,所得结果与全波分析相吻合,满足工程要求。有效地克服了再次预测过程中提取参数的不稳定性,为异向介质的分析提供一种快速而准确的方法。     

长周期光纤光栅的应用研究

长周期光纤光栅在通讯与传感领域有着广泛的应用,成为目前研究的热点之一。该文主要介绍了长周期光纤光栅在传感领域的最新研究进展。     

Recent Progress on Metal-Based Nanomaterials: Fabrications,Optical Properties,and Applications in Ultrafast Photonics

Nanomaterials have demonstrated excellent mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties in various fields, including 1D carbon nanotubes, as well as 2D materials starting from graphene. Metal-based nanomaterials, mainly divided into metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, also gradually come into the sight of ultrafast photonics applications due to the outstanding optical properties. The optical properties of metal nanoparticles can be enhanced by the interaction between conduction electrons with electric fields that is called surface plasmon resonance. As for metal oxide nanoparticles, optical properties are closely related to bandgap structures. When it comes to transition metal oxides, other phenomena also play important roles in optical absorption such as spin inversion and excitons of iron. Moreover, preparation methods of materials are also crucial for their properties and further applications. Therefore, in this review, commonly used physical and chemical fabrication methods for metal-based nanomaterials are first introduced. Then the optical properties of typical metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are discussed specifically. In addition, the applications of metal-based nanomaterials in ultrafast lasers based on mode-locked and Q-switched techniques are also summarized. Finally, a summary and outlook toward the synthesis, optical properties, and applications in ultrafast photonics of metal-based nanomaterials are presented.     

零样本图像识别

深度学习在人工智能领域已经取得了非常优秀的成就,在有监督识别任务中,使用深度学习算法训练海量的带标签数据,可以达到前所未有的识别精确度。但是,由于对海量数据的标注工作成本昂贵,对罕见类别获取海量数据难度较大,所以如何识别在训练过程中少见或从未见过的未知类仍然是一个严峻的问题。针对这个问题,该文回顾近年来的零样本图像识别技术研究,从研究背景、模型分析、数据集介绍、实验分析等方面全面阐释零样本图像识别技术。此外,该文还分析了当前研究存在的技术难题,并针对主流问题提出一些解决方案以及对未来研究的展望,为零样本学习的初学者或研究者提供一些参考。

     

基于最大似然法的天波超视距雷达相位解污染算法

电离层解相位污染是天波超视距雷达信号处理的关键技术之一。由于模型的不准确性和电离层的复杂性,已有算法在污染较大时大多精度不高。该文提出一种基于最大似然法的相位解污染算法。该算法将信号建模为相位多项式,通过最大化似然函数来实现污染相位的估计。为了避免最大似然法中的矩阵求逆运算,该文进一步将最大似然问题转化为最小二乘问题,利用遗传算法求解相位系数。仿真结果表明,与传统算法比较,该文算法具有以下优点：相比HRR算法和CED算法,该文算法精度更高,校正后的信号频谱更加尖锐;在相位污染较大的情况下,该文算法仍具有较高的精度,有利于目标信息的提取;该文算法采用高阶多项式,避免分段处理和矩阵求逆,简化了运算。     

Multipath channel identification by using global optimization in ambiguity function domain

A new transform domain array signal processing technique is proposed for identification of multipath communication channels. The received array element outputs are transformed to delay-Doppler domain by using the cross-ambiguity function (CAF) for efficient exploitation of the delay-Doppler diversity of the multipath components. Clusters of multipath components can be identified by using a simple amplitude thresholding in the delay-Doppler domain. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) can be used to identify parameters of the multipath components in each cluster. The performance of the proposed PSO-CAF technique is compared with the space alternating generalized expectation maximization (SAGE) technique and with a recently proposed PSO based technique at various SNR levels. Simulation results clearly quantify the superior performance of the PSO-CAF technique over the alternative techniques at all practically significant SNR levels.     

Effect and Compensation of Colored Timing Jitter in Pulsed UWB Systems

Ultra-wideband (UWB) systems impose a stringent requirement on the jitter performance of the system clock. So far, only the effect of white Gaussian timing jitter has been considered in the literature via numerical simulation. However, practical clocks commonly exhibit colored jitter. In this paper, we first investigate the bit error rate (BER) performance of a single-user binary pulse position modulation UWB system subjected to white and colored Gaussian jitter. It is shown that colored jitter degrades BER performance much more than white jitter, and the extent of degradation increases as the jitter bandwidth decreases. Motivated by this result, we then propose a new jitter compensation scheme to improve the BER performance under colored jitters with small jitter bandwidth, in which each information-bearing data symbol is coupled with a pilot symbol. The proposed scheme attempts to track first the jitter for the current pilot symbol by making use of the pulse-template correlation function. This information is then used together with the known clock jitter bandwidth and jitter root-mean-square (RMS) value to detect the current data symbol according to the maximum likelihood criterion. Simulation results show that the algorithm is effective in improving the BER performance for colored jitters with small jitter bandwidth. Lei Huang received the B.Sc. degree from Xi'an Jiaotong University, China, in 1993, the M. Sc. degree from South China University of Technology in 1996, and the Ph.D. degree from Victoria University of Technology (VUT), Australia, in 2003, all in Electrical Engineering. From 1996 to 1999, he was a Lecturer at South China University of Technology. From March 2003 to December 2005, he was with National University of Singapore as a Research Fellow. Since January 2006, he has been working in Panasonic Singapore Laboratories as an R & D Engineer. His research interests focus on physical layer aspects on wireless communication systems, especially CDMA, ultrawideband and millimeter wave communications.     

从OFC 2003看平面光波导器件的发展动向

概述了2003年OFC会议上报道的平面光波导器件，着重介绍了平面光波导器件在新材料、新工艺、新结构方面的新进展和发展方向。     

先进微陀螺器件及微惯性测量单元最新研究进展

微纳加工技术与振动惯性技术的结合使惯性仪表技术发生了重大的变革,拓展了惯性技术在军用和民用领域的应用。高性能微惯性器件对军事装备和国民经济的发展起着越来越大的作用。该文基于美国国防高级研究计划局(DARPA)近年来在微惯性传感器技术领域的资助项目,综合研究了微机电系统(MEMS)谐振陀螺、微光学陀螺(MOG)、声表面波(SAW)陀螺等微惯性传感器技术及微惯性测量单元的最新发展现状,并对其发展面临的技术挑战进行了详细地分析与评述。     

基于STFAP的MIMO雷达运动目标参数估计的CRB研究

多发多收(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)雷达在目标检测、参数估计等方面具有显著优势。目标参数估值的CRB被证明是系统设计和空时自适应处理(STAP)性能分析中的有力工具。该文针对采用频分正交信号的共置天线MIMO雷达,首先建立基于MIMO雷达的目标和杂波空-时-频信号模型;在此基础上,研究基于空-时-频自适应处理(STFAP)的MIMO雷达地面运动目标角度和多普勒参数最大似然估值的克拉美-罗界(CRB);最后通过CRB性能仿真分析验证了MIMO雷达STFAP有效消除动目标检测盲速,提高目标参数估计精度的优势。     

Blind coding classification in the presence of interference in MIMO systems using ML algorithm

This paper presents a framework for coding classification in multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems in the presence of inter‐user interference (IUI). This framework is performed at the receiver beginning with a signal separation step. The signal separation is implemented with a multi‐user kurtosis (MUK) algorithm. The classification step estimates the code parameter (CP) using the maximum‐likelihood (ML) method applied to the covariance matrix of the received signal without a priori knowledge about the transmitted signal. Experimental results show that the proposed coding classifier is easy to implement and efficient for the classification of the CP over Rayleigh fading channels in the presence of time and frequency offsets. Furthermore, the success rate of code classification is high at low signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs). The signal separation increases the probability of true classification.     

脑机接口中脑电图-近红外光谱联合分析进展研究

脑机接口(BCI)能将受试者意图相关的大脑活动转化为外部设备控制指令,在神经疾病治疗、运动康复等方面具有较高应用潜力。BCI的实现需从人脑获取有意义的信号,而脑电图(EEG)可以反映神经电活动,主要用于对反映实时性要求较高的BCI系统;近红外光谱(NIRS)主要反映血流动力学水平,一般用于神经生理状态等需要精确定位脑活跃区域的研究。EEG和NIRS因其非侵入、方便穿戴、成本较低等优点,成为BCI的重要信号获取方法。相比于单模态BCI系统,基于EEG-NIRS 联合分析的混合BCI系统由于具有更丰富的信号特征,在生理状态检测、运动想象等领域得到了越来越多的关注与研究。该文从EEG-NIRS联合分析在脑机接口中应用的研究现状出发,在数据和特征融合程度、层面上归纳最近的相关领域研究现状,并对EEG-NIRS信号处理手段的研究前景进行了展望。     

Crystallographic evolution of microstructure in thin film processing: Part II. Grain boundary structure

The technique of electron backscattered diffraction is used to charactcrize the microtexture and mesotexture of grain neighborhoods in an annealed thin film of Al₉₇Ge₃ on thermally oxidized silicon. Of the microstructural features present in this material, a “sunken” (or “collapsed”) grain neighborhood is examined in terms of its mesotexture. The representation of crystallographic orientation between a “sunken” grain and its surrounding neighbors is assessed using inverse pole figures and Rodrigues-Frank (R-F) space orientation mapping. The two types of mappings are compared and detailed calculations of R-F space are shown. The advantages of the R-F space representation are illustrated. The total number of grains examined is 78 while the number of axis-angle pairs is 72. The microtexture is a strongly preferred < 111> parallel to the substrate normal while the mesotexture is comprised of low angle boundaries and fiber mesotexture as indicated by a R-F map.     

人工表面等离激元波导及天线若干进展

电磁波的传输和调控是电子学领域的一个研究热点,人工表面等离激元是一项通过在金属表面人工设计亚波长周期结构实现有效控制微波与太赫兹波传输的新技术。近年来,人工表面等离激元波导、电路与天线研究方面已取显著成果,为其在微波与太赫兹集成电路与系统中的应用奠定了基础。鉴于人工表面等离激元技术的重要应用前景,文章简要综述了人工表面等离激元波导、滤波器、频扫漏波天线以及涡旋波天线的若干最新研究进展,为新型人工表面等离激元波导与天线的开发及应用提供了参考。     

相对时延对ST-FSK系统性能的影响

空时频移键控(ST-FSK)结合了空时分组码和频移键控的优点,在瑞利衰落信道条件下无需信道信息,可采用非相干的最大似然(ML)检测器。该文推导了在接收端已知相对时延条件下的非相干ML判决度量,讨论了在接收端未知相对时延条件下信噪比与二进制、四进制ST-FSK系统误比特率性能的关系。理论和仿真结果都表明：(1)低信噪比弱化了相对时延对ST-FSK系统可靠性的影响,但在高信噪比条件下相对时延会严重制约系统性能;(2)相对时延对系统性能的影响与系统进制数的关系不大。     

一种有效减小非视距传播影响的TOA定位方法

本文基于移动通信环境中非视距(NLOS)传播时延服从指数分布的特性,提出了一种有效减小NLOS影响的定位方法.该方法首先利用测量的波达时间(TOA)和NLOS传播时延的统计特性估计由NLOS引起的附加时延;然后从测量的波达时间中减去附加时延,得到对LOS传播时间的估计,进而估计移动台的位置;最后,对不同时刻估计的移动台位置进行平滑处理,进一步减小NLOS的影响.采用该方法对移动台的位置进行的估计是一种无偏估计,不需要增加系统成本,计算简单,是一种非常实用的定位方法.仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

广义空间调制系统的正则化OMP检测算法

在广义空间调制（GSM）系统中,最大似然（ML）检测可以取得最优的检测性能,然而其计算复杂度随激活天线数的增加急剧增长。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于稀疏重构理论的低复杂度检测算法——正则化正交匹配追踪（ROMP）算法。该算法首先根据信道矩阵和当前残差的内积选取多个候选激活天线索引,接着对候选天线索引按正则化标准进行可靠性验证,剔除错误索引,缩小信号的搜索空间,最后通过求解最小二乘问题估计信号。仿真结果表明,与经典的正交匹配追踪（OMP）算法相比,所提算法以少许复杂度的增加为代价极大提升了检测性能,能够在检测性能与复杂度之间取得更好的折中。