测量方式对太阳电池输出性能测试的影响

通过对二线与四线接法测试单晶硅太阳电池I-V曲线的实验结果对比,分析串联内阻对于太阳电池短路电流、开路电压、填充因子及最大输出功率测量结果的影响.结果发现串联内阻越大,太阳电池的短路电流、填充因子及最大输出功率测量结果越小,但对开路电压基本无影响.且太阳电池接收光强越大即输出电流越大时,串联内阻的影响也越大.二线法因串...     

跟随样品太阳电池的光伏阵列模拟器

跟随样品太阳电池的光伏阵列模拟器，用可控的白炽灯模拟太阳光强的变化，样品电池的输出电压和电流随模拟光强而变化，经放大后驱动功率器件，使其输出跟随样品太阳电池的电压和电流，以代替实际光伏阵列进行光伏系统的各项性能测试。     

太阳电池模型参数对并联组件输出特性的影响

根据太阳电池I-V方程和基本电路联接理论,推导出选择具有相同最大功率点电压V_m的单体太阳电池组成并联组件可以获得最大输出功率;分别计算出二极管理想因子A,短路电流I_(sc),反向饱和电流I_o,电池串联内阻R_s对最大功率点电压V_m和组件失配损失的影响,确定出对它们影响最大的模型参数是二极管理想因子A。     

太阳电池串联电阻的解析解

太阳电池的串联电阻解析解及相应的I-V曲线可由实测的开路电压、短路电流及电压电流值从I-V方程直接得到,实测数据证明了该结论。     

太阳电池发电系统设计新方法

本文讨论了太阳电池发电系统的一种设计新方法。由光照太阳电池组件的输出电流(I)和输出电压(V)作为太阳光强(E)和电池工作温度(T)的二元函数关系式,建立以太阳光强、日照时数和太阳电池工作温度为依据的确定太阳电池方阵串并联组件数和配用蓄电池组容量的计算公式。采用本方法进行设计获得了满意结果。     

光谱及太阳电池各参数与填充因子之关系

以单指数太阳电池模型为基础,引入Lambert's W函数,给出太阳电池I-V的显函数关系.分析了不同光源的光谱差异对填充因子FF的影响,并将其转化为光强P对填充因子FF的影响.同时利用该显函数关系,就太阳电池各个参数对填充因子FF的影响进行了理论计算与分析,并与实验结果相比较.     

太阳电池内部电阻对其输出特性影响的仿真

通过对太阳电池的等效电路进行分析,建立了太阳电池的计算机仿真模型,定量地模拟了在一定光照下太阳电池内部的等效并联电阻及串联电阻对其伏安特性、开路电压、短路电流及填充因子的影响的程度。仿真结果表明：等效并联电阻产生的漏电流会影响太阳电池的反向特性和正向小偏压特性,且并联电阻影响其开路电压,但对短路电流基本没有影响；等效串联电阻会影响太阳电池的正向伏安特性和短路电流,而对开路电压没有影响；另外,并联电阻的减小和串联电阻的增大都会使太阳电池的填充因子和光电转换效率降低。仿真结果与实际测量的数据取得了相一致的结论。     

考虑多变量因素影响的光伏PEM制氢系统建模与分析

针对复杂工况对光伏制氢系统性能产生不确定性的影响,提出考虑多变量因素影响的光伏制氢系统模型,探索辐照度、温度、膜厚、压力等因素对光伏质子交换膜（PEM）制氢系统的影响。系统首先建立考虑辐照度、温度、膜厚、压力等因素影响的光伏-质子交换膜电解槽-氢储罐的光伏制氢模型,之后对系统进行定量计算和定性分析,并依据实际光伏数据进行实验验证。结果表明,在额定功率范围内,太阳电池输出电流和功率随辐照度的增加而增大,随温度的升高而降低。质子交换膜电解槽电压随辐照度、膜厚、压力的增加而增大,随温度的升高而减小。太阳电池输出功率、质子交换膜电解槽电压的变化趋势与辐照度变化趋势具有一致性。最终计算得到太阳电池系统、质子交换膜电解槽系统和总系统效率分别为16.8%、72.2%和12.1%。     

高空飞艇薄膜太阳电池内辐射量计算研究

修正了任一方向的平面内太阳辐射计算模型,使之适用于编程计算各种倾角和方位角平面上的太阳辐射。在曲面上进行网格划分,生成若干个小平面,推导出平面法向量与倾角和方位角之间的关系式,逐个计算每个小平面上太阳辐射量,叠加后近似代替整个曲面上的太阳辐射量。运用此方法计算了高空飞艇的薄膜太阳电池上辐射量,并与此薄膜太阳电池在水平投影面内辐射量计算结果进行比较。结果表明,用水平投影面内辐射量代替薄膜太阳电池内辐射量有很大的偏差。因此,在高空飞艇能源系统性能详细分析阶段需要使用曲面内太阳辐射量计算模型,为随后的光电转换与能源系统计算提供准确的太阳辐射数据。     

低能量质子辐照对背场硅太阳电池电性能影响的研究

研究了在模拟空间质子辐照环境条件下,质子能量分别为60 keV、150 keV,辐照剂量为1×1013～2×1016cm-2时,背场硅太阳电池的电性能的变化。试验表明,电池的开路电压Voc、短路电流Isc、最大输出功率Pmax随着质子能量和辐照剂量的增加出现了大幅衰降。随着能量的增大Voc和Pmax衰降幅度明显大于Isc,而随辐照剂量的增加短路电流Isc衰降幅度要比Voc和Pmax大得多,并且随着质子能量的增大短路电流,Isc与辐照剂量呈明显的线性关系。当质子能量为60keV,辐照剂量为1.2×1013cm-2时,Pmax/P。衰降到75％。通过深能级瞬态能谱X射线激发光电子能谱和红外光谱,初步分析了能量小于200 keV质子辐照导致电池电性能衰降的原因。     

卫星太阳翼在轨输出功率预测模型

该文介绍一种卫星太阳翼在轨功率输出预测方法,由单体太阳电池根据固体物理理论推导出来直流理论分析模型获得其等效电路,通过对单体太阳电池串、并联后组成的太阳翼电气电路,获得太阳翼等效电路,并根据该等效电路推导出太阳翼的直流分析模型。将太阳翼的直流分析模型转化为由单片太阳电池片开路电压Voc、短路电流Isc、最大功率点电压Vmp、最大功率点电流Imp这4个参数决定的太阳翼工程应用方程。同时,通过地面试验获得单体太阳电池的电压和电流衰降系数,获取太阳翼实际在轨不同时刻的开路电压VAoc、短路电流IAsc、最大功率点电压VAmp、最大功率点电流IAmp,并通过计算获取太阳翼工作点电压、电流,得到太阳翼的在轨预测工作输出功率。通过将该文模型预测值与太阳翼实际在轨输出电流、电压遥测值进行比较,验证该预测模型的有效性。该预测模型可通过单体太阳电池的4个工程参数,获得整个太阳翼的直流分析模型,便于太阳翼设计阶段建模分析的工程化应用。     

A close-form solution for the maximum-power operating point of a solar cell array

A solar cell array is inherently a nonlinear device consisting of several solar cell modules connected in series-parallel combinations to provide the desired DC voltage and current. At a fixed insolation level, the terminal voltage decreases nonlinearly as the load current increases. Due to this nonlinearity, it is difficult to determine analytically the operating point at which the output power is maximum; a condition required for maximum utilization efficiency of the array. Iterative techniques are normally used to determine this operating condition. These techniques are lengthy, time-consuming, and have to be repeated for any change in the array's parameters, temperature, and insolation level. In this paper, an accurate closed-form solution is derived in terms of the array's parameters and solar insolation level. This solution is useful to the system designer or researcher as a fast and accurate tool for system design and performance analysis.     

Effect of non-uniform illumination on performance of solar thermoelectric generators

Solar thermoelectric generators (STEGs) are heat engines which can generate electricity from concentrated sunlight. The non-uniform illumination caused by the optical concentrator may affect the performance of solar thermoelectric generators. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model of solar thermoelectric generators is established. The two-dimensional Gaussian distribution is employed to modify the illumination profiles incident on the thermoelectric generator. Six non-uniformities of solar illumination are investigated while keeping the total energy constant. The influences of non-uniform illumination on the temperature distribution, the voltage distribution, and the maximum output power are respectively discussed. Three thermoelectric generators with 32, 18 and 8 pairs of thermocouples are compared to investigate their capability under non-uniform solar radiation. The result shows that the non-uniformity of the solar illumination has a great effect on the temperature distribution and the voltage distribution. Central thermoelectric legs can achieve a larger temperature difference and generate a larger voltage than peripheral ones. The non-uniform solar illumination will weaken the capability of the TE generator, and the maximum output power decrease by 1.4% among the range of non-uniformity studied in this paper. Reducing the number of the thermoelectric legs for non-uniform solar illumination can greatly increase the performance of the thermoelectric generator.     

CVT光伏泵水系统瞬态工作点特性分析

采用定电压跟踪器（CVT）的光伏水泵系统在不同地区已成功地投入实际应用。实地运行数据表明，CVT不能适应太阳电池阵列伏安特性的变化，使系统瞬态工作点偏离阵列输出最大功率点，导致系统功率损失。该文报道了2.5kWp，光伏水泵系统的基本构成和典型实地运行数据，并对系统瞬态工作点特性进行了分析讨论。     

迭层太阳电池中电流、电压及功率分配的理论分析

为了从理论上了解迭层太阳电池的工作特性,根据单结太阳电池直流模型提出了迭层电池的直流模型。并在模型基础上给出了描述迭层电池工作特性的方程组。在迭层电池模型和方程组的基础上,讨论了迭层电池开路状态和短路状态下电池内部电流,电压及功率分配。重点讨论了迭层电池对外做功情况下电流,电压功率在迭层电池中的分配。论证了迭层电池中,要求获得最大的功率输出。其子电池电流必须满足匹配关系。     

数字式太阳电池阵列模拟器

阐述了新近发展的以工程用太阳电池数学模型，专用控制软件和电力电子技术为基础的数字太阳电池阵列模拟器。实验表明，该种模拟器性能良好，可以在实验室复现10kWp以下不同功率太阳电池阵列在不同日射强度、环境温度下的特性，并在屏幕上显示出被模拟阵列的I－V及P－V曲线，以闪烁光标显示该阵列在设定日射强度和环境温度下最大功率的位置及其量值，同时也以闪烁光标指标系统的工作点位置，研究操作人员可以清晰地观察到二者之间的差异。该种模拟器可以方便地引导系统研究人员分析系统运行存在的问题，从而使系统工作于最佳状态，它为光伏系统工作者及光伏系统生产厂商提供了系统优化配置的有效手段。     

Explicit model of photovoltaic panels to determine voltages and currents at the maximum power point

A simple explicit photovoltaic formulation for characterizing and dimensioning cell-arrays is presented. The method permits the short-circuit current, the open-circuit voltage, the maximum cell power and the optimum cell-operation conditions to be determined. Further, the model also allows quantifying the effects of panel temperature and solar irradiance on key cell parameters. Based on several datasheets, the methodology is validated by covering a wide range of operation conditions. The proposed approach can thus, be very useful for design engineers to quickly and easily determine the performance of any photovoltaic array without performing tedious numerical calculations.     

Highly efficient maximum power point tracking using DC–DC coupled inductor single-ended primary inductance converter for photovoltaic power systems

Solar photovoltaics (PVs) have nonlinear voltage–current characteristics, with a distinct maximum power point (MPP) depending on factors such as solar irradiance and operating temperature. To extract maximum power from the PV array at any environmental condition, DC–DC converters are usually used as MPP trackers. This paper presents the performance analysis of a coupled inductor single-ended primary inductance converter for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in a PV system. A detailed model of the system has been designed and developed in MATLAB/Simulink. The performance evaluation has been conducted on the basis of stability, current ripple reduction and efficiency at different operating conditions. Simulation results show considerable ripple reduction in the input and output currents of the converter. Both the MPPT and converter efficiencies are significantly improved. The obtained simulation results validate the effectiveness and suitability of the converter model in MPPT and show reasonable agreement with the theoretical analysis.