13Cr超级马氏体不锈钢热压缩变形行为与组织演变

通过Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对13Cr超级马氏体不锈钢进行单道次压缩变形试验,系统研究变形温度在950~1150 ℃、应变速率为0.001~10 s^-1条件下的热变形行为。利用双曲正弦模型建立了13Cr超级马氏体不锈钢的流变应力本构方程,求得试验钢的热变形激活能为412 kJ/mol,并基于动态材料模型(DMM)理论绘制了材料的热加工图,得出材料的最佳热变形工艺参数窗口为:变形温度1032~1072 ℃,应变速率0.039~0.087 s^-1。组织演变结果表明,试验钢在高变形温度和低应变速率的条件下,容易发生动态再结晶。当应变速率一定时(0.01 s^-1),变形温度从950 ℃升到1050 ℃,动态再结晶的体积分数从18.7%升高到60.1%,组织的再结晶程度提高,晶粒均匀细小;当变形温度一定时(1050 ℃),随着应变速率的降低,动态再结晶的晶粒长大粗化。     

铸态耐热合金CN617热变形行为研究

用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机研究了铸态耐热合金CN617退火后在形变温度1050~1180 ℃,应变速率0.01~10 s^-1条件下的热变形行为,建立了该合金的热变形本构方程,绘制了热加工图。结果表明：在形变温度1050~1180 ℃,应变速率0.01~1 s^-1条件下,CN617合金的热变形曲线呈现稳态的流变应力;当在形变温度1100~1180 ℃,应变速率10 s^-1条件下,其热变形行为表现为持续硬化+动态软化过程。CN617合金热变形的热激活能平均为502.35 kJ/mol。在形变温度1050~1125 ℃,应变速率0.2~10 s^-1时形成流变失稳。其原因是动态再结晶程度较低,流变应力较高。     

Incoloy901合金的热加工图与热变形行为

利用Gleeble-3800热模拟机研究Incoloy901高温合金在变形温度950~1150 ℃,应变速率0.005~1 s^-1,真应变0.6下的热变形行为。结果表明:变形温度大于1000 ℃,应变速率大于0.01 s^-1时,Incoloy901合金真应力-应变曲线呈现动态再结晶特征。根据应力-应变曲线构建Incoloy901合金的本构方程与热加工图,得出形变激活能Q=439.401 kJ/mol,最佳热加工工艺为:变形温度1050~1150 ℃,应变速率0.005~0.1 s^-1,在此工艺范围内合金的高温变形功率耗散系数η较高,可达37%,能获得较好的动态再结晶组织。     

DH780钢的热变形行为及热加工图

采用Thermecmastor-Z热模拟试验机研究了试验钢在800~1150 ℃、应变速率0.01~10 s^-1的热压缩变形行为,并观察变形后显微组织。基于试验数据分析,确定了试验钢在奥氏体区的热变形方程,建立试验钢在0.8真应变下的热加工图。结果表明:试验钢的流变应力和峰值应变随变形温度的升高而减小;试验钢在奥氏体区的热变形激活能为385.91 kJ/mol。根据试验钢功率耗散及流变失稳判据确定最佳热加工工艺参数为热变形温度范围1050~1150 ℃和应变速率0.01~0.1 s^-1。在该范围内,试验钢发生完全动态再结晶,功率耗散系数为17%~32%。     

微合金元素Nb对高碳合金钢动态再结晶行为的影响

为研究微合金元素Nb对高碳合金钢动态再结晶行为的影响,利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机进行单道次压缩试验,测定了高碳合金钢在变形温度为950~1150 ℃、应变速率为0.01~5 s^-1的流变应力曲线,利用Zeiss光学显微镜观察了奥氏体动态再结晶晶粒形态,通过回归计算获得了相应的再结晶激活能,建立了热变形方程。结果表明:较高的变形温度和较低的应变速率有利于含铌高碳合金钢发生动态再结晶;含铌高碳合金钢的动态再结晶晶粒尺寸随着变形温度的升高而增大,当变形温度为1050 ℃时,含铌高碳合金钢已大量出现动态再结晶晶粒;0.040%铌加入到高碳合金钢中,在应变速率为0.1 s^-1,变形温度为1150 ℃时推迟了钢的动态再结晶开始时间约2.23 s,动态再结晶形变激活能增加了52.26 kJ/mol。     

17Cr2Ni2MoVNb和20Cr2Ni4A齿轮钢的动态再结晶行为及热加工图

利用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机得到17Cr2Ni2MoVNb和20Cr2Ni4A齿轮钢在1000~1150 ℃、0.01~10 s^-1的流变应力曲线,构建了两种钢的动态再结晶Avrami动力学模型和热加工图。结果表明,两种钢在高变形温度、低应变速率下易发生动态再结晶。17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢中较高的Nb和Mo含量对动态再结晶的抑制作用大于20Cr2Ni4A钢中的高Ni含量的影响,导致在相同的热变形条件下17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢的动态再结晶体积分数小于20Cr2Ni4A钢。17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢的最佳热加工工艺参数为:温度为1050~1150 ℃、应变速率为0.1~0.6 s^-1;20Cr2Ni4A钢的最佳加工参数为:温度为1100~1150 ℃、应变速率为3.3~5.5 s^-1。     

两种冶炼工艺下A286高温合金的热变形行为

为了探究真空感应+真空自耗(VIM+VAR)和电炉+精炼+真空自耗(EAF+LF+VAR)两种工艺冶炼A286高温合金的热变形行为,利用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机在温度950~1150 ℃和应变速率0.01~10 s^-1范围内进行热压缩试验。基于摩擦和绝热加热修正后的真应力-真应变曲线和应变硬化率曲线建立了A286合金的Arrhenius本构方程,确定了VIM+VAR合金和EAF+LF+VAR合金的热激活能分别为358.15和372.54 kJ·mol^-1。利用临界应变和动态再结晶体积分数50%应变引入动态再结晶速度参数k_v,建立新的动态再结晶模型。采用Prasad 准则绘制两种钢在应变0.2、0.5和0.9下的热加工图,并结合组织分析,确定VIM+VAR合金的最佳热加工工艺条件为1050~1100 ℃,0.01~1 s^-1和1100~1150 ℃,0.1~10 s^-1;EAF+LF+VAR合金的最佳热加工工艺条件为1050~1100 ℃,0.01~1 s^-1和1100~1150 ℃,0.1~3 s^-1,得出VIM+VAR合金的热加工区间较宽,其热加工性能优于EAF+LF+VAR合金。     

22Cr-32Fe-40Ni合金热变形行为

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机对22Cr-32Fe-40Ni合金在变形温度为950～1150℃、应变速率为0.1～10 s^-1范围内进行了热模拟压缩试验，对材料在热变形过程中的流变特性和组织演变规律进行了研究。结果表明，在变形温度高于1000℃或应变速率小于1 s^-1时，材料的硬化效应和软化效应达到动态平衡；在变形温度低于1000℃或应变速率为10 s^-1时，材料以动态再结晶为主的软化效应占主导作用。通过应变硬化率曲线确定了动态再结晶临界条件，基于温度补偿Arrhenius方程建立了22Cr-32Fe-40Ni合金的热变形本构方程，热变形激活能Q为438.339 kJ·mol^-1。22Cr-32Fe-40Ni合金适宜的热加工区间为变形温度1040～1150℃,应变速率0.1～0.47 s^-1。     

低碳Ti-Mo微合金马氏体钢的热变形行为

利用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机对试验钢在950~1100 ℃,应变速率为0.1~5.0 s^-1,最大应变量为60%的条件下进行了热压缩模拟试验。结果表明：高变形温度、低应变速率和大变形量有利于动态再结晶,试验在1050 ℃、变形量60%、变形速率1 s^-1条件下得到圆整均匀再结晶晶粒,平均晶粒尺寸为14.84 μm;推演出低碳Ti-Mo微合金马氏体钢的形变激活能为462.8 kJ/mol及Z参数与动态再结晶变形条件的关系;建立起试验钢动态再结晶临界应变公式ε_c=0.3729Z^0.3496。     

100Cr6轴承钢的热变形行为及热加工图

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机研究了100Cr6轴承钢在变形温度为850～1150℃、应变速率为0.01～10 s~(-1)条件下的热变形行为。分析了应变速率和变形温度对流变应力的影响,建立了100Cr6轴承钢热变形时的本构方程和热加工图,并讨论了组织变化情况。结果表明,在相同的应变速率下,流变应力随着温度的升高而降低;而在相同的变形温度下,流变应力随着应变速率的升高而增大。当应变速率为0.1 s~(-1)时,在850℃和950℃压缩变形时,发生了动态回复软化;而在1050℃和1150℃热压缩变形时,加工硬化的软化机理为动态再结晶。结合显微组织观察,得到变形温度950～1150℃、应变速率0.01～0.1 s~(-1)为100Cr6钢的合理热加工工艺参数。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.